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	Borna disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Borna disease is an infectious neurological syndrome of warm-blooded animals, which causes abnormal behaviour and fatality.
		The name is derived from the town of Borna in Saxony, Germany, which suffered an epidemic of the disease in horses in 1885.
		Borna disease in sheep and horses arises after a four week incubation period followed by the development of immune-mediated meningitis and encephalomyelitis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Borna_virus (729 words)

	APHIS \| News
		Borna disease is a sporadic, transmissible, progressive neurologic disease of horses, cats, cattle, and sheep.
		Borna disease is a subacute, viral encephalomyelitis, which is a type of brain infection.
		Microscopically, the disease is characterized by an inflammation of nerve cells in the brain.
	www.aphis.usda.gov /lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_notice/fs_ahborna.html (754 words)

	Bornavirus
		In 1926 the cause of Borna disease was identified as Borna disease virus (BDV).
		The symptoms of Borna disease in horses and sheep include behavioural changes, hyperactivity and disturbances in gait during the early stages of infection, with ataxia and partial paralysis being observed during the terminal stages of the disease.
		The theory that Borna disease is a zoonosis is controversial and a study investigating BDV infection in UK farmers found that although there was some evidence to suggest farmers are exposed to BDV, the presence of BDV infection markers was not associated with psychiatric illness.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /3035/Bornavirus.html (1250 words)

	EID V3 N2: Borna Disease
		Borna disease in naturally infected horses and sheep is characterized by agitated aggressive behavior that progresses over weeks to paralysis and inanition (29).
		Borna disease virus, a negative-strand RNA virus, transcribes in the nucleus of infected cells.
		Borna disease virus in peripheral blood mononuclear and bone marrow cells of neonatally and chronically infected rats.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol3no2/hatalski.htm (3726 words)

	Mediscover Infectious Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The identification of Borna disease virus (BDV) as the infectious agent of neurological disease in many warm-blooded animals, has provided an opportunity to associate BDV with similar human diseases.
		Borna disease (BD) has been recognized as a rare neurological disease of horses for over 150 years.
		Symptoms of Borna disease include severe viral encephalitis, with marked disturbances of movement and behaviour, followed by paralysis and then death.
	www.mediscover.net /Articledet.cfm?ArticleID=48 (713 words)

	Borna Virus and Psychiatric Disorders
		Borna disease virus-specific circulating immune complexes, antigenemia, and free antibodies--the key marker triplet determining infection and prevailing in severe mood disorders.
		Borna disease virus (BDV), an unique type of non-segmented negative-stranded enveloped RNA virus, is known as an animal pathogen that causes behavioral diseases in higher vertebrates.
		Borna disease (BD) virus is a partially characterized neurotropic agent with a predilection for neurons and astrocytes in the limbic system and cerebrum of infected hosts.
	www.psycom.net /borna.html (2715 words)

	Borna Virus in Psychiatric Patients -- Neurotransmitter.net
		The possibility that the Borna virus is associated with mental disorders in humans was evaluated by examining serum samples from 979 psychiatric patients and 200 normal volunteers for the presence of Borna virus-specific antibodies.
		In this preliminary study, we examined the possible involvement of Borna disease virus in the etiology of human mood disorders by assaying for virus-specific antibodies in 265 patients with unipolar or bipolar depression and 105 normal, healthy volunteers.
		Borna disease virus and schizophrenia in Surinamese immigrants to the Netherlands.
	www.neurotransmitter.net /bornavirus.html (13644 words)

	EID V3N3 Borna Disease Virus Infection in Animals and Humans
		Borna disease (BD), first described more than 200 years ago in southern Germany as a fatal neurologic disease of horses and sheep, owes its name to the town Borna in Saxony, Germany, where a large number of horses died during an epidemic in 1885.
		BD is characterized by a disseminated nonpurulent meningoencephalomyelitis with infiltration of mononuclear cells (1,8,18,19) and a predilection for the gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem (8,19).
		Inhibition of immune-mediated meningoencephalitis in persistently Borna disease virus-infected rats by Cyclosporine A. J Immunol 1989;143:4250-6.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol3no3/richt.htm (5825 words)

	OIE - Revue A/190121 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Borna disease virus: new aspects on infection, disease, diagnosis and epidemiology
		A ‘disease of the head’ affecting horses, as described in the 17th Century is now known as Borna disease.
		The association with psychiatric diseases in humans led to an international explosion of research on BDV, with centres established in Germany, the United States of America and Japan.
	www.oie.int /eng/publicat/rt/1901/a_r19121.htm (275 words)

	Borna Disease Virus RNA in Immunocompromised Patients in Southwestern France -- Cotto et al. 41 (12): 5577 -- Journal ...
		Borna disease virus-specific antibodies in patients with HIV infection and with mental disorders.
		Pathogenesis of Borna disease virus: granulocyte fractions of psychiatric patients harbor infectious virus in the absence of antiviral antibodies.
		Borna disease virus antibodies and the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/41/12/5577 (2960 words)

	Borna Virus and Disease - Review (Promed Ahead)
		Borna Disease Virus (BDV) is a unique agent associated with neurologic disease in a broad array of animals, and has recently been implicated as a possible cause of human affective disorders.
		Recent attention has been placed on feline Borna disease virus, isolated from the CSF of cats suffering from a spontaneous non-suppurative encephalomyelitis, also referred to as "staggering disease." (6) (7) In some animals, behavioral changes include both aggressive and passive stages.
		Bode L, Dietrich DE, Stoyloff R, Emrich HM and Ludwig H, "Amantadine and human Borna disease virus in vitro and in vivo in an infected patient with bipolar depression," Lancet, 349:178, 1997.
	members.iinet.net.au /~rabbit/bornapro.htm (1589 words)

	INCREASED PREVALENCE OF BORNA DISEASE VIRUS IN HORSES ALONG THE PATHS OF MIGRATORY BIRDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Borna disease virus (BDV) is a non-segmented, negative-strand RNA virus, the prototype of a newly recognized virus family Bornaviridae (order Mononegavirales) with several different strains (1,2), and recently, the complete genomic sequence was published (3).
		Borna disease is distributed unevenly throughout the world, existing only in certain areas of Germany, Austria, Iran, Japan and Israel suggesting that environmental factors such as rodent or bird vectors could play a role in the transmission or expression of the disease.
		The role of migrating birds in the transmission of infectious diseases is suspected in Lyme disease (19), Newcastle disease (20), Japanese encephalitis (21), Sindbis virus infection (22) and West Nile fever (23, 24).
	www.isrvma.org /article/58_2_8.htm (2621 words)

	[No title]
		Although Borna disease was first recognized in the early 1800s as a neurologic syndrome with an infectious basis, Borna disease virus (BDV) has only recently been characterized as the causative agent.
		Animal Models for BDV Pathogenesis Borna disease in naturally infected horses and sheep is characterized by agitated aggressive behavior that progresses over weeks to paralysis and inanition (29).
		If BDV infects neuropsychiatric disease patients, viral nucleic acids are present at lower concentrations in human brain and PBMC than in previously studied naturally or experimentally infected hosts because investigators who report isolation of BDV nucleic acid from human PBMC must use the highly sensitive technique of nested RTPCR.
	ftp.cdc.gov /pub/EID/vol3no2/ascii/hatalski.txt (3707 words)

	HealthGene - Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Borna disease virus (BDV) is an RNA virus and causes a disease of the central nervous system in several vertebrate species.
		The disease can be fatal for sheep and horses (its primary natural hosts) and can infect other species such as rats, cattle, dogs, cats or pigeons.
		Clinical signs of acute disease in cats include a staggering gain, hind limb ataxia, and paresis, giving the infection its common name of "staggering disease".
	www.healthgene.com /scripts/test.asp?code=D309 (268 words)

	Evidence of Borna disease virus genome detection in French domestic animals and in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) -- Dauphin et ...
		Evidence of Borna disease virus genome detection in French domestic animals and in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) -- Dauphin et al.
		Cubitt, B. and de la Torre, J. Borna disease virus (BDV), a nonsegmented RNA virus, replicates in the nuclei of infected cells where infectious BDV ribonucleoproteins are present.
		Sorg, I. and Metzler, A. Detection of Borna disease virus RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissues by nested PCR.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/9/2199 (3140 words)

	Borna 2000
		"Borna disease virus in human brains with a rare form of hippocampal degeneration but not in brains of patients with common neuropsychiatric disorders." Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999 Nov, 180(5):1695-9.
		These quantitative data suggest that Borna disease virus may, indeed, contribute to the pathogenesis of schitzophrenia.
		The treatment produced antidepressive response in 19 of the 30 patients, suggesting, once again, that the depression was associated with a viral infection which is susceptible to the antiviral properties of amantadine.
	www.stanford.edu /group/virus/borna/2000/update.html (979 words)

	CNN - Research suggests virus may play role in depression - August 31, 1998
		Scientists are still unraveling the causes of the disease: genetics, stress and possibly a virus.
		The virus was first identified in the late 1800s among horses near the town of Borna, Germany.
		Results are expected later this year from clinical trials in Berlin that might demonstrate a link between the Borna virus and depression.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/9808/31/depression.virus (392 words)

	Nowotny and Kolodziejek, Correspondence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Borna disease virus in human brains with a rare form of hippocampal degeneration but not in brains of patients with common neuropsychiatric disorders.
		Absence of evidence of Borna disease virus infection in Swedish patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
		Detection of Borna disease virus-reactive antibodies from patients with psychiatric disorders and from horses by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.
	www.cfids-cab.org /cfs-inform/Virus/nowotny.kolodziejek00.html (228 words)

	Isolation and Characterization of a New Subtype of Borna Disease Virus -- Nowotny et al. 74 (12): 5655 -- The Journal ...
		Detection and sequence analysis of Borna disease virus p24 RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with mood disorders or schizophrenia and of blood donors.
		Persistence of Borna disease virus-specific nucleic acid in blood of psychiatric patient.
		Borna disease virus infection in animals and humans.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/12/5655 (2726 words)

	Borna Disease Virus and Human Disease -- Carbone 14 (3): 513 -- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
		infection and/or Borna disease in Lewis rats (118).
		Pathogenesis of Borna disease in rats: evidence that intra-axonal spread is the major route for virus dissemination and the determinant for disease incubation.
		Borna disease virus replicates in astrocytes, Schwann cells and ependymal cells in persistently infected rats: location of viral genomic and messenger RNAs by in situ hybridization.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/14/3/513 (8677 words)

	Borna Disease Virus Linked to Psychiatric Disorders
		Norbert Nowotny, from the University of Veterinary Sciences, Vienna, told researchers that Borna disease virus might be linked to schizophrenia, depression and chronic fatigue syndrome in humans.
		Also, the disease occurs only sporadically in a small endemic region in central Europe, which suggests there is an animal reservoir, such as a rodent, but so far none has been identified.
		"If it is true that there is a human form of Borna disease, then I would expect that it would be a human virus transmitted from human to human," he suggested.
	earthops.org /borna1.html (542 words)

	Detection of Borna Disease Virus-Reactive Antibodies from Patients with Psychiatric Disorders and from Horses by ...
		Borna disease virus (BDV), a nonsegmented RNA virus, replicates in the nuclei of infected cells where infectious BDV ribonucleoproteins are present.
		Borna disease virus nucleoprotein (p40) is a major target for CD8+ T cell mediated immune response in Lewis rats, abstr.
		Synthetic peptide-based electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for measuring of anti-Borna disease virus p40 and p24 antibody in rat and horse sera.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/6/5/696 (3497 words)

	T cell ignorance in mice to Borna disease virus can be overcome by peripheral expression of the viral nucleoprotein -- ...
		Borna disease virus (BDV) is the causative agent of a nonpurulent meningoencephalitis observed predominantly in horses and
		We used the mouse model of Borna disease virus infection (22) to characterize the immunopathological mechanisms of this
		Chemokine Gene Expression in Astrocytes of Borna Disease Virus-Infected Rats and Mice in the Absence of Inflammation
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/17/9769 (4860 words)

	Unusually high seroprevalence of Borna disease virus in clade E human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients ...
		Unusually high seroprevalence of Borna disease virus in clade E human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with sexually transmitted diseases in Thailand.
		The seroprevalence of Borna disease virus (BDV) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals in Thailand was examined by using recombinant BDV p24.
		A high (38 to 48%) rate of seroprevalence of BDV was observed in clade E-infected patients with sexually transmitted diseases, compared with those in clade E-infected prostitutes (8.3%), pregnant women (0%), clade B-infected intravenous-drug users (0%), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-negative blood donors (1.9%).
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1997/apr/M9741239.html (343 words)

	A reverse genetics system for Borna disease virus -- Perez et al. 84 (11): 3099 -- Journal of General Virology
		Borna disease virus (BDV) causes CNS disease that is frequently
		Briese, T., de la Torre, J. C., Lewis, A., Ludwig, H. and Lipkin, W. Borna disease virus, a negative-strand RNA virus, transcribes in the nucleus of infected cells.
		Richt, J. and Rott, R. Borna disease virus: a mystery as an emerging zoonotic pathogen.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/84/11/3099 (3672 words)

	Identification of the Immunodominant H-2Kk-Restricted Cytotoxic T-Cell Epitope in the Borna Disease Virus Nucleoprotein ...
		Identification of the Immunodominant H-2Kk-Restricted Cytotoxic T-Cell Epitope in the Borna Disease Virus Nucleoprotein -- Schamel et al.
		Borna disease virus (BDV)-induced immunopathology in mice is most prominent in strains carrying the major histocompatibility
		Rauer, M., Gotz, J., Schuppli, D., Staeheli, P., Hausmann, J. Transgenic Mice Expressing the Nucleoprotein of Borna Disease Virus in either Neurons or Astrocytes: Decreased Susceptibility to Homotypic Infection and Disease.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/75/18/8579 (453 words)

	T cell ignorance in mice to Borna disease virus can be overcome by peripheral expression of the viral nucleoprotein.
		T cell ignorance in mice to Borna disease virus can be overcome by peripheral expression of the viral nucleoprotein.
		Infection of neonates with Borna disease virus (BDV) induces severe meningoencephalitis and neurological disorder in wild-type but not in beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient mice of strain MRL (H-2(k)).
		Superinfection with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing BDV p40 but not with other vaccinia viruses induced severe neurological disease and encephalitis in persistently infected B10.BR mice but not in persistently infected C57BL/10 mice, indicating that the disease-inducing T cell response is restricted to the nucleoprotein of BDV in H-2(k) mice.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1999/nov/A99B0647.html (516 words)

	Borna Disease Virus Infection, a Human Mental-Health Risk -- Bode and Ludwig 16 (3): 534 -- Clinical Microbiology ...
		Borna disease virus-specific circulating immune complexes, antigenemia, and free antibodies—the key marker triplet determining infection and prevailing in severe mood disorders.
		Demonstration of Borna disease virus nucleic acid in a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome.
		Presence of Borna disease virus (BDV) RNA in cells of the peripheral blood.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/16/3/534 (8228 words)

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