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Topic: Boron oxide

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	Process for manufacturing boron nitride fiber batts using a spinner - Patent 4309203
		The compacted boron oxide fiber bundle thus produced is heated in an anhydrous ammonia atmosphere to convert boron oxide in the fibers into boron nitride (BN).
		A process for producing non-woven, boron nitride fiber batts, comprises the steps of melting solid boron oxide and introducing the molten boron oxide into a rapidly spinning drum having a plurality of circumferentially arranged perforations, whereby the molten boron oxide is extruded through the perforations into a plurality of strands.
		The nitriding phase involves the heating of the batt of boron oxide fibers in an ammonia (NH.sub.3) atmosphere, which is free of water vapor, because of the deteriorating effect of water on boron oxide.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4309203.html (2424 words)

	Oxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oxides containing only one oxygen are called oxide or monoxide, those containing two oxygen atoms dioxide, three trioxide, four tetroxide, and so on following the Greek numerical prefixes.
		Oxides are characterized by a redistribution of electrons, in which the oxygen atoms have a net surplus of electrons and the other atoms a net lack.
		Oxides of metals occur as ionic compounds, or salts, which are solid at room temperature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oxide (320 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Boron and Compounds
		Boron is a compound that occurs in nature.
		Boron is released to the environment from natural sources such as oceans, volcanoes, and geothermal steam.
		Boron accumulates in plants and is found in foods, mainly fruits and vegetables.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts26.html (874 words)

	MSN Encarta - Boron
		Compounds of boron, notably borax, have been known since early times, but the pure element was first prepared in 1808 by the French chemists Joseph Gay-Lussac and Baron Louis Thénard, and independently by the British chemist Sir Humphry Davy.
		Boron does not react with water or hydrochloric acid and is unaffected by air at ordinary temperatures.
		Although boron has a valence of 3 and its position in the periodic table would indicate a close relationship to aluminum, it is actually much more like carbon and silicon in chemical properties.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761571567 (455 words)

	The Effect of Boron in Ductile Iron
		Boron is a strong carbide and nitride-forming element and increases strength in quenched and tempered low carbon steels through the formation of martensite and the precipitation strengthening of ferrite.
		Boron has no effect on the strength of normal hot rolled steel but can considerably improve hardenability when transformation products such as acicular ferrite are desired in low-carbon hot-rolled plate.
		The addition of boron to the pouring ladle may result in carbides at lower level than when it is picked up in melting or during the sintering of a coreless induction furnace with a silica-boron oxide lining.
	www.ductile.org /magazine/2001_1/Boron.htm (934 words)

	Boron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Boron supplementation to human subjects, who had previously followed a dietary regimen deficient in boron, increased blood hemoglobin concentrations, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; and lowered hematocrit, red cell count, and platelet count.
		Boron supplementation (3 mg/day), to five men over the age of 45, four postmenopausal women, and five postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy who had been fed a low boron diet (0.23 mg/2000 kcal) for 63 days, resulted in higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, serum enzymatic ceruloplasmin, and plasma copper.
		Although boron is potentially toxic to all organisms, and, as boric acid and borax, has been used as a pesticide and food preservative, higher animals usually do not accumulate boron because of their ability to rapidly excrete it.
	www.thorne.com /altmedrev/fulltext/boron2-1.html (3834 words)

	Boron: A Better Energy Carrier than Hydrogen? (12 June 2007)
		A long piece of the 140-micron boron filament that appears at left in short fragments can be stuck through a candleflame in air, and shine with orange incandescence where touched by the flame while remaining cool elsewhere, and in the first minute of such treatment not even warp.
		Boron's oxide coat is unusual in that at temperatures between 450±2 Celsius and roughly 2,000 Celsius it is a very viscous liquid coat.
		Since boron is dark brown (see photo in introduction) and hydrogen bromide, hydrogen, and boron tribromide are all transparent, there is an interesting possibility of using intense light directly to heat the advancing boron surface.
	www.eagle.ca /~gcowan/boron_blast.html (6547 words)

	Boron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Boron is prepared in the laboratory by the action of potassium on boron oxide.
		Boron is relatively inert and must be in a highly divided state to react with acids or alkalis.
		Boron is detected by converting the material under analysis to Borax by heating with concentrated nitric acid and then heating with concentrated sulphuric acid and ethanol to form ethyl borate, which burns with a green flame.
	www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/elem/elem005.html (241 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Scientists devise scheme to liberate hydrogen to power car
		By reacting water with the element boron, the system produces hydrogen that can be burnt in an internal combustion engine or fed to a fuel cell to generate electricity, the scientists said.
		The hydrogen-on-demand approach is based on simple high-school chemistry, according to the scientists who said elements like sodium and potassium are well-known for their violent reactions with water, tearing hydrogen from its stable union with oxygen.
		Boron does the same, but at a more manageable pace as it requires no special containment because when all the boron is used up, the only by-product, boron oxide, can be removed from the car, turned back into boron, and used again.
	english.people.com.cn /200608/05/eng20060805_290093.html (384 words)

	Boron in Ceramics Industry
		Boron, symbol B-with an atomic number of 5 and mass number of 10.811, is a hard and brittle material.
		Boron Carbide was used in the Vietnam War to produce a "light" hard bullet-proof armor for helicopters and tanks.
		This spread in the use of boron in many domains is attributed to its outstanding properties; some boron compounds are six times stronger than steel and five times stronger than aluminum.
	biotsavart.tripod.com /bci.htm (1472 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		characterized in that the flux is an oxide of an alkali metal.
		In one aspect, the wetting aid is described as a metal oxide of metals selected from the group consisting of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, tin, vanadium and lead.
		Preferably, the metal oxide is bismuth oxide and is present at 10 wt.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/27048.010419&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2331 words)

	Boron in Materials Technology (II) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The crystalline pure boron is prepared by dissolving it in molten aluminum or magnesium and cooling gradually.
		Boron does not react with water, hydrochloric acid, or hydrofluoric acid, and it is unaffected by air in room temperature.
		Boron carbide is prepared by the reaction between boric acid or boron oxide with carbon containing compounds in electric arc furnaces.
	www.aucegypt.edu /students/quark/Research/boron2.htm (748 words)

	boron
		Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not discovered until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Gay-Lussac and Thenard.
		High-purity crystalline boron may be prepared by the vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or tribromide with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments.
		Boron is similar to carbon in that it has a capacity to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks.
	www.speclab.com /elements/boron.htm (958 words)

	Boron oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Boron oxide is used as a fluxing agent in enamels and glasses, additional it is the starting material for the synthesis of other boron compounds.
		Also its use as a bonding agent in hot isostatic pressing of boron nitride ceramics is very common, for this purpose, quantities of 2-6% are added to boron nitride.
		This description does not imply the absence of any patents, the responsibility whatsoever solely rests with the user.
	www.a-m.de /englisch/lexikon/boroxid.htm (129 words)

	Boron: A Better Energy Carrier than Hydrogen? (3 October 2003)
		A solid lump of boron is not a practical fuel configuration, but if it were, it would be four times smaller in volume, a golf ball next to a tennis ball, compared to a hydrocarbon tank to deliver the same energy.
		When boron is referred to as red, as at http://www.speclab.com/elements/boron.htm, alpha-rhombohedral is the kind being referred to.
		It seems possible that despite boron's not being a household word, the smell of borate is an essential part of the smell of wood smoke, and as such has been part of human experience for many thousands of generations.
	www.bpower.ca /commercial.html (12660 words)

	Journal of Materials Research 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The film that forms spontaneously when boron oxide (B2O3) is exposed to humid air is a solid lubricant.
		Indentation pop-in features were common for precipitated crystals but did not occur on the films formed on boron oxide.
		The surface structures were more complex than assumed in models put forth previously to explain the mechanism of lubricity in the boron oxide!=boric acid!=water system.
	www.mrs.org /publications/jmr/jmra/1999/aug/042.html (227 words)

	37. : Selective Laser Sintering of Alumina-Boron Oxide Composites
		The alumina-boron oxide composite system is attractive for SLS because the presence of the low melting component B2O3 (melting point 450 deg C) can enhance sintering.
		The alumina-boron oxide composite system has been investigated by SLS and selective laser reactive sintering (SLRS).
		The role of boron oxide content as a binder, laser power density, and secondary heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties is discussed.
	home.att.net /~edgrenda2/sf94/sf94_37.htm (202 words)

	Technical Program Paper Detail - AIChE
		We investigate the motion of boron and oxygen atoms in boron oxide, a network glass-former, using molecular dynamics simulation.
		This “N body” model has been previously used by us to model the static structure in boron oxide, something which had been elusive in simulations of this material.
		We calculate mean square displacements and the Van Hove correlation functions of boron and oxygen atoms at several temperatures above the glass transition, both inside and outside of boroxol rings.
	www.aiche.org /conferences/techprogram/paperdetail.asp?PaperID=2508&DSN=annual02 (259 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - Boron
		Boron is a semi-metallic element, exhibiting some properties of a metal and some of a non-metal.
		Boron minerals, mainly borax, were traded over a thousand years ago, when sheep, camel and yak caravans brought borax from desert salt beds in Persia and Tibet to India and the Arab countries.
		Boron is a chemical used to make boron nitride, one of the hardest known substances, for abrasives and cutting tools.
	www.mii.org /Minerals/photobor.html (496 words)

	Polarization Interactions and Boroxol Ring Formation in Boron Oxide
		This model is then used in MD simulations of boron oxide glass at various temperatures.
		At these temperatures, the energy level of boron atoms in rings is approximately 6% lower than the energies of boron atoms outside of rings.
		Thus, in order to observe boroxol ring formation in simulations of boron oxide, a model which incorporates polarization effects must be used and network formation must occur at temperatures where ring formation is favored.
	mse-092697c.princeton.edu /borox/borox.htm (839 words)

	Compact Boron Nitride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This relationship is actually the principle of the purification process, where BN is first crystallized by the thermal treatment in nitrogen gas, and oxygen impurities converted to boron oxide are washed out.
		The classical summary equation when boron sesquioxide with carbon gives boron nitride and carbon monoxide is being often used in literature, but the process itself is not that simple.
		The main difference between the PLS and HP processes is that in the latter the material is trapped in-between the pressing rams and the inner wall of the matrix.
	hubacek.jp /bn/bn.htm (2388 words)

	Polarization Interactions and Boroxol Ring Formation in Boron Oxide: A Molecular Dynamics Study
		The task of the polarization model in the present context is to supply a chemically flexible and realistic set of particle interactions to represent the formation and relaxation behavior of boron oxide glasses.
		As the dehydration reactions proceeded, the L parameter for boron was decreased to
		The formation of a trigonal network in boron oxide as the temperature is lowered closely parallells experimental observations of the glass transition.
	mse-092697c.princeton.edu /borox/BoroxolRing2.htm (5039 words)

	USGS Minerals Information: Boron
		Boron is produced domestically only in the State of California.
		Boron products sold on the market are produced from a surface mine, underground mines, and in situ and from brine.
		Boron is priced and sold on the boron oxide basis, which varies by ore and compound and on the absence or presence of sodium and calcium.
	minerals.usgs.gov /minerals/pubs/commodity/boron (118 words)

	The SUPREM-IV.GS Models Command
		This statement allows the user to specify values for coefficients of boron diffusion and segregation.
		This value indicates whether boron diffuses through interaction with interstitials or vacancies.
		The silicon concentration will be half the oxide concentration in equilibrium at 1100C.
	www-tcad.stanford.edu /tcad/programs/suprem-IV.GS/Book/Users_Man_Models/Boron.html (498 words)

	Title page for etd-0803100-162004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This thesis is about thermal etching of quartz single crystals with boron oxide melt and thermal etchings on inorganic polymeric single crystals of orthosilicates, willemite (Zn2SiO4) and phenakite (Be2SiO4), where isolated [SiO4] groups are polymerized by corner-sharing with other tetrahedral groups, such as [ZnO4] and [BeO4].
		By doing so, boron oxide melt was proved to be a useful etchant on the studies of defect types and dynamics of quartz.
		As for the thermal etching of phenakite type silicate, we conducted thermal-cycle etching of willemite at 1250℃, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid etchings of willemite and phenakite at room temperature, and boron oxide melt etching of willemite and phenakite at 700℃.
	etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw /ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0803100-162004 (336 words)

	Boron Oxide Oligamer Collision-Induced Dissociation: Thermochemistry, Structure, and Implications for Boron Combustion ...
		Boron Oxide Oligamer Collision-Induced Dissociation: Thermochemistry, Structure, and Implications for Boron Combustion
		In addition, the results of our CID study are important in interpretation of boron oxide cluster chemistry work in our lab.
		This report presents a collision induced dissociation (CID) study of small boron oxide cations, (BnOm)(+), motivated by a need for more accurate and reliable structural and thermodynamic information on both neutral and ionic boron oxides.
	www.stormingmedia.us /10/1064/A106423.html (209 words)

	Reactivity of Boron Oxide and Hydrogenated Boron Oxide Ion Clusters with Deuterium Oxide Studied by the Guided Ion Beam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Reactivity of Boron Oxide and Hydrogenated Boron Oxide Ion Clusters with Deuterium Oxide Studied by the Guided Ion Beam Method.
		Thermalized, mass-selected boron oxide and hydrogenated boron oxide cluster ions have been used in scattering experiments with deuterium oxide.
		The total reactivity has been observed to be several times lower than in the case of hydrogen fluoride and appears to be largely determined by the atomic composition and structure of the oxide.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/BAPSMAR96/abs/S805015.html (251 words)

	Haz-Map: Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents
		Used to produce elemental boron, heat-resistant glass, fire-resistant paint, electronics, and herbicides; [Hawley]
		An eye and respiratory irritant; See "Boric acid." Boron is a "hepatotoxic agent." [Zimmerman, p.
		Rats exposed for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 10 weeks to a concentration of 470 mg/m3 showed no signs of intoxication other than mild nasal irritation [Wilding et al.
	hazmap.nlm.nih.gov /cgi-bin/hazmap_generic?tbl=TblAgents&id=311 (115 words)

	C784-93e1 Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Aluminum Oxide-Boron Carbide Composite Pellets (Withdrawn 2002)
		This specification applies to pellets composed of mixtures of aluminum oxide and boron carbide that may be ultimately used in a reactor core, for example, in neutron absorber rods.
		Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle, this specification was withdrawn in May 2002.
		1.1 This specification applies to pellets composed of mixtures of aluminum oxide and boron carbide that may be ultimately used in a reactor core, for example, in neutron absorber rods.
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/WITHDRAWN/C784.htm (166 words)

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