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Topic: Bos indicus

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	bos - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Bos is the genus of wild and domestic cattle or oxen.
		Bos can be divided into four subgenera : Bos, Bibos, Novibos, and Poephagus, but the distinction is controversial.
		BOS is a new 32-bit operating system programmed in 100% pure assembler language, fasm.
	encarta.msn.com /bos.html (135 words)

	Cattle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These were Bos taurus, the European cattle, including similar types from Africa and Asia; Bos indicus, the zebu; and the extinct Bos primigenius, the aurochs.
		Additionally other species of the genus Bos are often called cattle or wild cattle.
		Oxen (plural of ox) are large and heavy set breeds of Bos Taurus cattle trained as draft animals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cattle (2392 words)

	DASEES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle, originating from diverse production environments, were used to quantify genetic variation in marbling, 24-h calpastatin activity, and beef tenderness and to identify strategies for prevention of beef tenderness problems in Bos indicus composite cattle.
		Also, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus composites aged more slowly from 1 to 7 d and was less tender at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 35 d postmortem than beef from Bos taurus cattle.
		The delayed response to aging and greater toughness of beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was associated with Brahman breed effects and was not related to the Bos taurus germplasm source.
	www.fass.org /dasees/beef/composites.asp (2516 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Bos
		BOS and Galbital enter into a Strategic Partnership for the Launch of a BOS RFID Middleware Server and Controller.
		BOS Announces Conversion of Secured Convertible Notes by Laurus Master Fund Ltd. in a Total Amount of Approximately US$2,223,000.
		BOS releases e-Twin@x Controller Model II and enhanced software; The new version, now shipping, features hot backup, Linux support, and e-mail for dumb Twinax terminals.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Bos&StartAt=11 (1349 words)

	What Is Systematic Crossbreeding?
		Bos indicus x Bos taurus crosses (i.e., Brahman x Hereford) yield even higher levels of heterosis, averaging double the pounds of calf weaned as those reported for corresponding traits among straightbred Bos taurus breeds.
		In the hot, humid Gulf Coast, 50:50 ratios of Bos indicus to Bos taurus inheritance may be optimal.
		For example, if the optimum level of Bos indicus germplasm is 25% for a specific environment, the contribution of Bos indicus can be maintained at 25% in a composite population.
	beef-mag.com /mag/beef_systematic_crossbreeding (1437 words)

	Zebu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zebus (Bos taurus indicus), sometimes known as 'humped cattle', are better-adapted to tropical environments than other domestic cattle.
		Their scientific name was originally Bos indicus, but this name is now deemed invalid by ITIS, who classify the zebu under Bos taurus along with all other domestic cattle, and their aurochs ancestors, domesticated in India about 10,000 years ago.
		The Aurochs subspecies Bos primigenius namadicus or even the gaur may have contributed to the development of the zebus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zebu (518 words)

	Handling Bos indicus cattle
		To handle cattle successfully, especially Bos indicus breeds, it is necessary to understand how they react to people and situations, and to educate them to accept handling.
		Bos indicus cattle become accustomed to the way in which they are mustered and worked through yards.
		Bos indicus cattle handle well provided the handler is prepared to adopt methods to suit the way they react.
	www.agric.nsw.gov.au /reader/beefmanage/a2713.htm (1299 words)

	Crossbreeding bos indicus and bos taurus for milk production in the tropics
		In parallel with these broad differences in numbers and productivity of dairy cows between the developed and developing worlds, there is also a major difference in cattle types: Bos taurus breeds being exclusively used in temperate and developed areas, while Bos indicus types predominate numerically throughout most of the developing world (Figure 1.1).
		The genetic difference between taurus and indicus types therefore is roughly equivalent to the gain achievable from 100 years of sustained and highly efficient selection within a population.
		Bos taurus types usually fail to produce adequately, and often even to survive, in the face of the multiple challenges of climatic stress, new diseases and parasites, and nutritional insufficiency.
	www.fao.org /docrep/009/t0095e/T0095E01.htm (1098 words)

	Brahman
		All the Bos indicus cattle are characterized by a large hump over the top of the shoulder and neck.
		The other characteristics of these cattle are their horns, which usually curve upward and are sometimes tilted to the rear, their ears, which are generally large and pendulous, and the throatlatch and dewlap, which have a large amount of excess skin.
		Bos indicus cattle produce an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands which has a distinctive odor and is reported to assist in repelling insects.
	cow_baby.tripod.com /brahman.html (1381 words)

	Fancher Love Ranch
		Bos Taurus are the cows we're all familiar with--large, heavy beef and dairy cattle.
		Bos Indicus cattle have humps, loose skin, and thrive in hot, humid conditions.
		Bos Indicus breeds are all sizes, usually according to range conditions.
	www.fancherloveranch.com /historypage.htm (739 words)

	Guidelines for assessing Bos indicus content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Therefore Bos indicus content was an integral part of the carcass pathways where there were maximum breed contents allowed in various pathways.
		Bos indicus content must be declared by the supplier as either less tha 12%, less than 25%, less than 50%, less than 75% or greater than 75% Bos indicus.
		This declaration is to be made on the 'Meat Standards Australia Vendor Declaration' by ticking the appropriate box along with identifying the animal in the lot with the highest known or visual Bos indicus content by its ear tag number and stating its breed make-up.
	msa.une.edu.au /msa/msasch/5a58a67.htm (341 words)

	American Romagnola Association
		Manifestations of their Bos Indicus lineage include the ability of the Romagnola to sweat and to secrete an oily fluid from their sebaceous glands that is useful in repelling insects.
		Like their conventional Bos Indicus cousins, they also have a muscle network in their hides that allows them to twitch their skins, also handy for removing biting flies and mosquitoes.
		In addition, they are more heavily muscled, a gift of their Bos Taurus ancestors as well as a history of use as draft animals in Italy which put a large quantity of muscle over the back and loin where the choice cuts of beef are located.
	americanromagnola.com /history.html (1097 words)

	Review: The issue of carcass tenderness expressed by cattle varying in Bos indicus inheritance Professional Animal ...
		The purpose of this review is to summarize studies in which cattle varying in Bos indicus inheritance have been compared with various Bos taurus genetic types for carcass tenderness.
		For the studies that involved three or more proportions of Bos indicus inheritance, the linear effect of proportion of Bos indicus inheritance was tested to ascertain the impact of increasing proportion of Bos indicus inheritance on WBS values.
		A summary of studies that compared WBS values for cattle sired by Bos taurus and Bos indices or Bos indices-derivative sires is presented in Table 1.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4035/is_200209/ai_n9103301 (605 words)

	Outline: S1013 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Heterosis expressed by crosses of non-Bos indicus tropically adapted breeds with traditional breeds has not been determined in the U.S.such information is needed by producers in the Southern region in order to make the most appropriate choice of breeds to use in crossbreeding programs.
		When diverse breeds are crossed, such as Bos indicus x Bos taurus or diverse Bos taurus x Bos taurus breeds heterosis is exhibited.
		Bos indicus-cross feedlot cattle with excitable temperaments have tougher meat and a higher incidence of borderline dark cutters.
	www.lgu.umd.edu /lgu_v2/homepages/outline.cfm?trackID=3976 (8244 words)

	Breed: Brahman
		Because Bos indicus are sacred in India, many Hindus will not sell them, eat their meat, or allow them to be slaughtered.
		Additional Bos indicus cattle were brought in to the US by way of Brazil.
		Bos indicus type cattle have several features that distinguish them from European cattle: long, pendulous ears, a hump over the shoulder and neck area, and a large throatlatch and dewlap which have a lot of excess skin.
	www.crazyforcows.com /fow/fow30.shtml (428 words)

	Genetics and Molecular Biology - Is the American Zebu really Bos indicus? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Accounts register introduction of Bos indicus cattle into South America in the 19th and continuing through the 20th century, and most reported imports were males derived from the Indian subcontinent.
		Animals with registered pedigrees from the Bos indicus breeds Nellore, Gyr and Brahman were chosen for this analysis.
		indicus breeds in the formation of the analyzed animals was entirely through paternal genes (Table I).
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47571999000400013 (1907 words)

	Partners-In-Reproduction
		The main reproduction traits are identical in bos indicus and bos Taurus, there are however some differences that should be considered in the reproduction management.
		Bos indicus females are highly sensitive to the FSH dosages currently used for superstimulation of bos taurus cattle and lower doses should be used in this species.
		Improvement of the nutrition of bos indicus cows and temporary calf removal are important tools when an oestrus synchronisation program is to be used in bos indicus suckled cows.
	www.partners-in-reproduction.com /Reproduction-Zebu/reproductive-physiology.asp (167 words)

	Brahman (cattle) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Brahman breed of cattle originated from the Bos indicus cattle originally brought to the US from India and Brazil.
		The principal breed was the Kankrej, called Guzerat in Brazil.
		The Brahman is a beef breed, it has been crossbred extensively with Bos taurus (European) beef breeds of cattle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brahman_(cattle) (306 words)

	Bos indicus - Huntington Archive: Detail - bos indicus seal
		Zebus (Bos taurus indicus), sometimes known as 'humped cattle';, Their scientific name was originally Bos indicus, but this name is now deemed invalid by
		Interspecies Hybridization between Yak, Bos taurus and Bos indicus and Milk yield of hybrids of yak with local Bos taurus or Bos indicus cattle or
		IngentaConnect Resting heat production in Bos indicus and their F1 Resting heat production in Bos indicus and their F1 crosses with exotic breeds at a thermoneutral environment.
	askultra.com /?q=bos-indicus (251 words)

	Crossbreeding Programs for Beef Cattle in Florida
		With the reciprocal cross (Bos indicus heifers bred to Bos taurus bulls), however, calving difficulty is generally not a concern due to the inherent ability of Bos indicus females to restrict fetal growth.
		The Senepol is a Bos taurus breed developed on the island of St. Croix (one of the U.S. Virgin Islands) from a cross of the Red Poll and the N'Dama, an African breed noted for its resistance to trypanosomiasis (a blood-parasitic disease transmitted by the tsetse fly).
		Thus birth weights from bulls from dams with Bos indicus influences ought to be considered as "underestimates." A list of general requirements for bulls to be used in crossbreeding programs is shown in Table 6.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /AN055 (12963 words)

	Ag Facts
		Bos Indicus breeds usually have slick hair coats and a larger crest (or hump) behind the head on the neck.
		Bos Indicus cattle are also more tolerant of heat and insects.
		Of the cattle breeds common in Oklahoma, Angus, Hereford and Limousin are Bos Taurus, and Brahman and Brangus are Bos Indicus.
	www.clover.okstate.edu /fourh/aitc/lessons/extras/facts/cattle.html (1240 words)

	Breeds of beef cattle
		Crosses between Bos taurus and Bos indicus also show resistance, or at least tolerance, to both heat and ticks.
		Bos taurus breeds originated in Europe and are all humpless.
		Zebus are distinguished from the European breeds by the presence of a musculo-fatty hump, a pendulous dewlap, a pendulous prepuce in the male, and a short sleek coat.
	www.dse.vic.gov.au /dpi/nreninf.nsf/childdocs/-89E7A8DAFEA417624A2568B30004C26A-D84473774162CFC3CA256BC7008115C7-4BF899EE55945B604A256DEA00273C4B-3193607113A3F10ECA256BCF000BBEBB?open (975 words)

	AVJ 75,5,May'97 pp337-
		Objective To assess the innate resistance of naive Bos taurus, Bos taurus cross Bos indicus and Bos indicus cattle to virulent Babesia bovis, B bigemina and Anaplasma marginale parasites.
		After the A marginale infection, B indicus steers were moderately affected with 50% requiring treatment, whereas 70% of the fi B indicus group, 80% of the / B indicus cross group and 100% of the pure B taurus group required treatment.
		Ten pure B indicus, 10fi B indicus x fi B taurus, 10/ B indicus x fl B taurus and 10 pure B taurus steers, 15 to 18 months of age, were purchased from a property with a defined cross-breeding program in an area of Queensland free of B microplus.
	www.ava.com.au /avj/may97/337.htm (2971 words)

	8. The formation of composite breeds using Sahiwal cattle
		Breeds of Bos indicus cattle differ, in response capability for both milk and meat production and also in their adaptability to climate and associated factors, including tolerance of different diseases and parasites.
		Certain populations of Bos taurus cattle in Africa and South America have become adapted to adverse conditions through natural selection, but, similar to Bos indicus breeds, they have a relatively low response capability for milk and meat production when environmental conditions are improved.
		It is also assumed that the Sahiwal breed is approximately equal to indigenous breeds of Bos indicus cattle in terms of adaptability in the ecological zones of Africa that are the focus of this study.
	www.ilri.cgiar.org /InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/AnGenResCD/docs/X5538E/x5538e09.htm (4410 words)

	Oestrus management in bos indicus cattle
		Classical Ovsynch protocol can be applied in bos indicus cows with a success rate comparable to the results obtained in bos taurus cows in comparable cyclicity status.
		Pregnancy rates in bos indicus heifers similarly to the situation observed in bos taurus breeds, are more variable and oscillate between 21 and 43%.
		Because of the higher sensitivity of bos indicus breeds to gonadotrophins a dose in the range of 300-500 IU of eCG/PMSG (Folligon) should be given at the time of removal of the progestagen source.
	www.partners-in-reproduction.com /Reproduction-Zebu/oestrus-management.asp (441 words)

	IMPLICATIONS OF BREED EVALUATIONS :: International Brangus® Breeders Association :: Innovative Services for the ...
		Crossing of Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds yield even higher levels of heterosis, averaging about twice as large as estimates reported for corresponding traits in crosses among Bos taurus breeds.
		Reproduction rate, weaning weight per cow exposed and cow efficiency is outstanding in Bos indicus x Bos taurus F1 crosses, especially in subtropical climatic environments, but their advantages are tempered by older age at puberty and reduced meat tenderness as the proportion of Bos indicus increases.
		Tuli germplasm may be useful to replace a portion of Bos indicus breeding and maintain tropical adaptation without detrimental effects on meat tenderness, provided they are crossed with other breeds that optimize size and growth rate.
	www.int-brangus.org /modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=28&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 (3299 words)

	Krehbiel et al., June 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		ABSTRACT Ten Bos indicus × MARC III (initial BW = 303 ± 25 kg) and 10 MARC III (initial BW = 322 ± 16 kg) steers were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to determine whether cattle age or Bos indicus crossbreeding influence site of digestion of a high-grain diet.
		Initially, five Bos indicus × MARC III and five MARC III steers were fitted with duodenal cannulas and adapted to a 95% concentrate diet that was offered for ad libitum consumption for a 237-d feeding period (calves).
		Similar feedlot performance would be expected by Bos indicus crossbred and Bos taurus steers, although performance by Bos indicus crossbred steers may be greater in subtropical environments.
	www.asas.org /JAS/abs/2000/jun1641.htm (426 words)

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