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Topic: Bosniak language

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	Bosnian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The language is used by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the region of Sandžak (in Serbia and Montenegro) and elsewhere.
		The irony of the Bosnian language is that its speakers are, on the level of colloquial idiom, more linguistically homogenous than either Serbs or Croats, but failed, due to historical reasons, to standardize their language in the crucial 19th century.
		This distinction and official recognition of the Bosnian language is further acknowledged by signatures of the former presidents of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Alija Izetbegović), Croatia (Franjo Tuđman) and Serbia (Slobodan Milošević).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bosnian_language (1017 words)

	Bosniaks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Descendants of indigenous converts to Islam during Bosnia's Ottoman period, the Bosniaks are typically characterized by their tie to the Bosnian historical region, traditional adherence to Islam, and common culture and language.
		The earliest Bosniak symbol from medieval times and the old flag of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the flag of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina are very popular symbols among Bosniaks.
		Bosniak children - currently living in temporary villages constructed by Dutch troops - many of them having lost either one or both of their parents in the Srebrenica massacre and/or other masskillings/ethnic cleansing throughout Bosnia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bosniaks (3113 words)

	Bosniaks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bosniak surnames, as is typical among the South Slavs, often end with "ić" or "ović".
		Bosniaks have a wide number of historical symbols that are associated with them.
		Bosniak immigrants to Turkey were required to change their names to Turkish or Turkish sounding ones(under the Law on Family names).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bosniak (3113 words)

	Diwan special issue
		This it why Bosniaks, during the national and nationalistic turmoil of the late 1960s, did not choose to use their historical name when the state allowed them to declare themselves, in the census, as a distinctive ethnic group, but instead were content to retain their religious attribute as their ethnic name (Muslims).
		Finally, Bosniaks made the crucial reversal to their historical ethnic name during the aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the decision was made official at the First Assembly of Bosniaks, in the Autumn of 1993.
		All of this makes Bosniaks a unique nation in the world: while others were either dying or trying to obtain the independence of their country by political means, Bosniaks were doing the same in by undoing the system of government that could have led them to the establishment of their own state.
	www.diwanmag.com.ba /arhiva/diwan_SI/sadrzaj/sadrzaj2.htm (2204 words)

	Bosnian Muslims
		Bosnian Muslims or Bosniaks are Muslim inhabitants of Bosnia, a region in the west of the Balkan Peninsula.
		They speak a variant of the common Serbo-Croatian language, written in the same form of the Latin alphabet which is also used in the Croat (or Western) variant of the Serbo-Croatian language.
		The main difference of the Bosnian language variant is that it contains many borrowings from Turkish - many of them being Arabic and Persian in origin - due to the Islamic faith of Bosniaks.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bo/Bosniak.html (129 words)

	Minorities Flex their Political Muscles
		Montenegro's Bosniak and Albanian minorities are using their potentially significant influence over the future of the republic's state union with Serbia, in an effort to get promises from the pro-independence authorities to improve their position.
		The 55,000 Bosniaks and around 25,000 Albanians who are expected to turn up at the polls, if turnout remains at an average of 80 per cent, may tip the balance.
		Bosniaks in the north of Montenegro were similarly let down after being promised a new municipality called Petnjica, to be established out of the territory of the municipality of Berane.
	www.b92.net /doc/media/minorities_flex.php (1670 words)

	Wikinfo \| Bosnian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The Bosnian language is one of the standard written versions of the Central South Slavic diasystem, which is the commonly accepted name among Bosniak and Croat linguists, although, due to various reasons, the designation Serbo-Croatian language still predominates in majority of countries outsied of former Yugoslavia.
		The language is used primarily by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and elsewhere.
		The irony of Bosnian language is that its speakers, Bosnian Muslims or Bosniaks, are, on the level of colloquial idiom, more linguistically homogenous than either Serbs or Croats, but have failed, due to historical reasons, to standardize their language in the crucial 19th century.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Bosnian_language (460 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The defence argued that introducing the Croatian language was the only option, as the Bosniak language did not yet exist.
		Despite a heated exchange with the prosecution, who claim orders relating to the Croatian language came from the Bosnian Croat authorities, Miketa insisted such decisions were taken at municipal level by the elected representatives of all the parties.
		Bosnian language, he went on, would have had to reflect the languages spoken by all the nationalities in Bosnia.
	www.iwpr.net /archive/tri/tri_191_2_eng.txt (905 words)

	Danas, What To Call One's Language?, by R.E.K., September 28, 2002
		Bosniaks, left between two sides, are trying to win the right to education in their own language, without Serbs.
		About fifty students are enrolled in Bosnian language classes at the Business School in Pec, while Bosniak politicians have set the opening of an education college in Prizren, the city with highest concentration of Bosniaks (before the war Muslims and Gorani) in Kosovo, as a priority goal for themselves.
		The suggestion of the representatives of the Bosniak coalition Vatan in the Kosovo parliament that Bosniaks and Serbs be allowed to continue education according to the old educational program for another year was rejected [by the ethnic Albanian majority].
	www.ex-yupress.com /danas/danas110.html (1614 words)

	Bosnia and Herzegovina Human Rights Practices, 1995
		Bosniaks complained that traders in the Croat area, which lies between the Bosniak sector and the Adriatic coast, monopolized trade and informally taxed humanitarian assistance convoys in this area at the Bosniaks' expense.
		One Bosniak woman reported that she was forced out of her Bosanska Dubica home at gunpoint by paramilitary forces wearing fl stockings over their heads, was beaten by them, and dragged away by her hair.
		Bosniaks, too, complained about the difficulties in obtaining permission to leave, which was virtually impossible for military-age men of any ethnic group.
	www.hri.org /docs/USSD-Rights/95/Bosnia95.html (10446 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Reporter The Novi Pazar-based scientific and education council of the Bosniak Homeland Society for Sandzak Culture, Science and Arts has voiced opposition to Serbian Assembly's education committee which publicly demanded that the Serbian Ministry of Education abolish the Bosniak language in Sandzak and Serbia-Montenegro, as was reported by the broadcast media and the press.
		That is contrary to what the Bosniaks had said in the latest population census in 2002.
		This mindless act by Serbian parliamentarians is contrary to all democratic rules regarding the language and the culture of minority peoples, which the authorized world forum for human rights as heard has made over the past four decades.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art5018.txt (286 words)

	Print news - IPS Inter Press Service
		The 'new' language hardly differs from the 'older' one spoken by millions of Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks in what used to be former Yugoslavia.
		Bosnian is one of the "new" languages introduced after the disintegration of former Yugoslavia in 1991, when the six-member federation fell apart in bloody wars.
		The common language and cable TV mean that millions watch the same programmes, whether on Bosnian, Croatian or Serbian TV.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=27740 (591 words)

	The Republic of Montenegro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		In the constitution of Montenegro adopted in 1992, the official language of the republic was changed from Serbo-Croat to Serbian of the Ijekavian standard.
		Albanians are a separate group, speaking their own language (5.26%) and living mostly in the south-east, especially in Ulcinj, where they form the majority of the population.
		Bosniaks are Slavic Muslims speaking the Bosnian language and Bosniak language living mostly in the north.
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis12.htm (1184 words)

	detrez
		Nations originate more or less spontaneously from ethno-cultural communities, marked by language and other ethno-cultural features, but are also the result of the political and cultural elite’s purposeful activity of nation building.
		Language building is one of the aspects of nation building.
		Language acts as a determining component of national identity in a more or less spontaneous way only when in contact with other, clearly distinct languages, e.g.
	cf.hum.uva.nl /lplsymposium/detrez.htm (319 words)

	Bosniaks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		All translations of the Constitution into native languages used lower-case M for Muslims as followers of Islam (This is because the proper nouns such as Muslim and Christian were and still are written in lowercase letters in Bosnian (Serbo-Croatian) language).
		Bosniaks counter by pointing out that Bosniak has been a historical ethnic term for their nation since the 10th century, and that had they truly wanted to "monopolize" Bosnian history it would have been far easier to adopt the name "Bosnian" in itself instead of using the more archaic version.
		Bosniak surnames, as is typical among the South Slavs, often end with "ic" or "ovic".
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis77.htm (5970 words)

	L.C. Subject Headings Weekly List 17 (May 3, 2000)
		Works on the language(s) of the Serbs or Bosnians treated as separate languages are entered under Serbian language or Bosnian language.
		Works on the language(s) of the Croats or Bosnians treated as separate languages are entered under Croatian language or Bosnian language.
		The existing heading Serbo-Croatian language remains valid for works on the language(s) of the Serbs, Croats, and Bosnians treated together as a single language, or for works for which a specific heading cannot be determined.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/cpso/wls00/awls0017.html (365 words)

	YugoUK.co.uk - Language / Jezik
		She is BA of English language and literature and BA of Serbo-Croatian language and Jugoslav literature.
		Serbian language was one language with Croatian until recently, and is in the of south Slavonik languages.
		This language is in use in Serbia and Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as in Croatia.
	www.yugouk.co.uk /culture_language.php (1252 words)

	mediaonline.ba
		Despite all difficulties and resistance they encountered, Bosniaks managed to get satisfaction when Bosnian language was accepted as one of the languages of legislative and legal documents at the level of Kosovo, and when it was recognised as official language in Prizren and Peć.
		When it comes to linguistic affirmation of Bosniaks, the main problem remains in the apparent absence of personnel and learning-books (the former are obtained from BiH).
		The magasine insists on affirmation of Bosniak autochthony although, within the analysis period, no elaborate texts on the ethno-genesis of Kosovo Bosniaks appeared, with the exception of a series of articles covering folklore thematic.
	www.mediaonline.ba /en?ID=230 (1102 words)

	2004 Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Macedonia
		This was due in part to lack of available classes in minority languages at the secondary level and in part to many rural, ethnic Albanian families' conviction that girls should be withdrawn from school at age 14.
		The FWA stipulates that the Albanian language would be used officially in Parliament for the first time in October 2002 by M.P.s newly elected in 2002, with interpretation in the Macedonian language provided for ethnic Macedonians and others.
		The number of ethnic minority students who received secondary education in their native languages continued to increase; however, ethnic Albanians complained that distribution of public educational resources was not proportional to ethnic groups' representation within the general population.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41695.htm (12491 words)

	Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
		The FWA states that the judiciary should better reflect the ethnic composition of the population and that one-third of the judges on the Constitutional Court, the Ombudsman, and three members of the Judicial Council should be chosen by the Parliament, including by a majority of the ethnic minority M.P.s to ensure minority representation.
		This was due in part to lack of available classes in minority languages at the secondary level, and in part to many rural, ethnic Albanian families' conviction that girls should be withdrawn from school at 14 years of age.
		Albanian language education remained a crucial issue for the ethnic Albanian community; it was seen as vital for preserving Albanian heritage and culture.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27852.htm (13444 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		This is followed, in order, by broadcasts in Serbian, Bosniak, Turkish, and Gorani (the language of an ethnic group living in the Gora region south of Prizren).
		An estimated 160,000 to 170,000 are Serbs, and the rest are Roma, Ashkali, Egyptians, and Bosniaks.
		The protection of religious freedoms is another delicate issue, with recent debates on the rights and freedoms of certain Islamic sects highlighting the tension between building a secular, democratic society and showing tolerance toward public displays of religious traditions and symbols.
	www.freedomhouse.org /inc/content/pubs/nit/inc_country_detail.cfm?page=47&nit=351&year=2004&pf (5931 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Yugoslavia: Sandzak's Bosniaks search for identity (Part 2)
		The region's Serbian and Bosniak populations are fairly evenly divided.
		Using the Titoist term "Muslim" for Bosniaks is viewed by many Bosniaks in Bosnia and Yugoslavia as problematic since it denotes both one's religious belief and national identity.
		Bosnia's Bosniaks resolved the issue for themselves, establishing a Bosniak identity and a Bosnian language that is Serbo-Croatian with the addition of a variety of words of Turkish origin, local idioms, and the long, drawn-out nasal form of expression common to much of Bosnia and Sandzak.
	www.reliefweb.int /w/rwb.nsf/0/b703393064a2c98cc1256c83006171bc?OpenDocument (1326 words)

	The Slovak Spectator - Slovakia's English Language Newspaper
		The Bosniak family settled in Bratislava owners of sizeable land and a manor house.
		Sometime between 1698 and 1728 the coffin was transferred to the crypt of the church in Teplička nad Váhom.
		"Žofia Bosniak is dressed the same way she used to be hundreds of years ago," said the sexton of the church who knows many interesting stories about Žofia's life.
	www.slovakspectator.sk /clanok.asp?cl=8007 (1266 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Now we are in a situation in which they attempt to introduce the Bosniak language by taking Regional TV (Novi Pazar) cameras into some (remote) village schools, where they are allegedly introducing the Bosniak language," Mukovic said.
		Mukovic said that the whole situation turned out to be detrimental for the Bosniaks, "who have a legitimate right to have their mother tongue the way they want it".
		He noted that the Bosniaks needed to have the people who were capable of drafting curricular timetables in order to enjoy that right.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art4997.txt (254 words)

	UNMIK Press Releases 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The Roma, Turk and Bosniak representatives also raised concerns over the lack of participation by their respective communities in structures such as the Kosovo Police Service and the local administration.
		A Turkish representative raised the demand that the Turkish language be made an official language, equal to Albanian and Serbo-Croat, as he said the Turks had enjoyed under the 1974 Constitution.
		DSRSG Tom Koenigs said that all the requests of the Turkish community regarding language had been fulfilled, except making Turkish one of the official languages of Kosovo, a demand that was not technically feasible.
	www.unmikonline.org /press/press/pr297.html (506 words)

	Human Rights Report October1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The demonstration was followed by a series of explosions in which one Bosniak returnee died and three others were injured as a result of a grenade thrown at his house from a passing car.
		At the time of their release, IPTF reports that one of the Bosniak police officers had a bruise under his eye, the other was limping, and the President of the Cantonal Board of the SDA had bruises on his face.
		The return was followed by an official hand-over of keys of apartments for elected Bosniak councilors from Kozarac.
	www.ohr.int /print?content_id=5073 (3247 words)

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