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Topic: Bosnian Genocide

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	Bosnian Genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bosnian Genocide is a term used by some academic and human rights institutions when referring to a case of genocide that took place in Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, during the Bosnian War from 1992 - 1995.
		Bosnian side claims that Srebrenica massacre was just one instance of what was a broader criminal activity during the Bosnian War and associates Bosnian genocide to an intent by the "Serb side" to destroy in whole or in part non-Serb population of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
		Bosnian side further claims that numerous individual war crimes including crimes against humanity, rapes and ethnic cleansing, committed against non-Serbs during the Bosnian War when viewed in its combined impact fall under genocide definition as described by the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bosnian_Genocide (1178 words)

	Bosnian genocide case at the International Court of Justice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bosnian side will rely heavily on the findings and decisions of International Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) that was also set up by the UN to try individuals accused of war crimes and genocide in the conflicts following the break-up of Yugoslavia.
		Bosnian genocide case at the ICJ is perhaps one of the most important legal cases for the international law since the Nuremberg Trials after the World War II.
		They argue that if the state is determined responsibile for genocide it does not imply the collective guilt of its citizans but a common assumption that its citizans would be responsibile for reparations of effects and distribution of costs caused by genocide and not the distribution of guilt for genocide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bosnian_genocide_case_at_the_ICJ (1741 words)

	Genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "genocide" was coined by Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), a Polish Jewish legal scholar, in 1943, from the roots genos (Greek for family, tribe or race) and -cide (Latin - occidere or cideo - to massacre).
		Genocide, as a number of other crimes of international nature is inside Finnish universal jurisdiction, but under Chapter 1, Section 12 of the Penal Code, incidents of it abroad may not be investigated unless the Prosecutor General gives an order to do this.
		Genocide appears to be a regular and widespread event in the history of civilization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Genocide (3390 words)

	Serb Genocide of Bosnian Muslims Concerns All Human Beings
		While the conflict is cloaked in the guise of a "humanitarian tragedy" (the inference being that all people in the region are affected equally), in truth the Bosnian Muslims are being targeted by the Serbs because of their religious identity.
		Bosnian Serbs have shown themselves adept at executing prisoners, raping women, shelling children and old people, harassing U.N. peacekeepers under strict orders not to fire, and that's all.
		The Bosnian Serbs are not troops to be feared by a comparably equipped army, much less the overwhelming military force NATO could assemble.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/0995/9509028d.html (1473 words)

	Spero News \| Serbia and Montenegro on trial for genocide
		Bosnian lawyers launching a genocide case against Serbia and Montenegro at the International Court of Justice, ICJ, the first such state-level lawsuit, will face a formidable challenge when proceedings begin on Monday, February 27, IWPR has established in a far-reaching investigation into the case.
		According to the convention, genocide is defined as certain acts “committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group”.
		The challenge for the Bosnian lawyers appearing before the ICJ, however, is to secure a ruling from that court that the crimes amounted to genocide, and to provide evidence for longstanding allegations that Belgrade funded and otherwise supported the Bosnian Serb military and paramilitary units responsible.
	www.speroforum.com /site/article.asp?id=2699 (6762 words)

	Milosevic to Face Bosnian Genocide Charges (Human Rights Watch, 11-12-2001)
		Genocide, crimes committed with the intent to destroy a national, ethnic, or religious group, is the most serious offense under international law.
		The indictment includes one count of genocide, one count of complicity with genocide, and an additional 27 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity arising from the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995.
		Mladic was the general in charge of both the arm of the Yugoslav Army in Sarajevo and the entire Bosnian Serb Army.
	www.hrw.org /press/2001/12/bosnia1210.htm (464 words)

	Serbia-Montenegro says ICJ cannot try it for Bosnian genocide claim
		Serbia-Montenegro, which is accused by Bosnia of committing genocide during the Balkan wars, questioned the competence of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to hear the case.
		Bosnia filed the genocide complaint to the ICJ in 1993 against what was then the rump Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), comprising the states of Serbia and Montenegro.
		Obtaining a conviction on genocide charges is difficult because proof must be provided not only of certain criminal acts but also that there was an intent behind those acts to destroy a group in whole or in part.
	www.turkishpress.com /news.asp?id=111408 (712 words)

	GENOCIDE - BOSNIA
		(He was awarded a Pulitzer prize for his Bosnian journalism.) He was at risk not only from the Serbs but also from NATO, who resumed their air attacks (begun earlier in 1995 when the Serbs ignored a ceasefire ultimatum) in response to the tragic events at Srebrenica.
		Radoslav Krstic, a commander working for Mladic, was arrested by NATO troops in December 1998 and charged with genocide for his part in the atrocities at Srebrenica.
		On the same day, 3,000 Bosnian Muslims, mainly women, were taken in 60 buses to Srebrenica for a short memorial ceremony.
	www.ppu.org.uk /genocide/g_bosnia2.html (860 words)

	bosnian refugees
		The Bosnian population has traditionally been more mixed than other Balkan countries (40% Serb, 38% Muslim, and 22% Croatian), with the capital, Sarajevo, seeming at one time to be a model of religious and ethnic tolerance.
		This genocide was characterized by concentration camps, mass murders (especially of men), and a Serb policy of raping Muslim women.
		Bosnian women, for example, tend to be less intent on maintaining extreme modesty and are more willing to report gynecological problems than women from some other groups.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Charles_Kemp/bosnian_refugees.htm (1326 words)

	CNN - Bosnian Serb Genocide suspect to appear before U.N. court - December 7, 1998
		The indictment alleges that, as one of the Tribunal's most-wanted men, he stood shoulder to shoulder with then-Bosnian Serb commander Ratko Mladic as a key figure in the massacre of thousands of Bosnian Muslims in and around the supposedly UN-safe area of Srebrenica.
		A former eastern Bosnian enclave with a Muslim majority, Srebrenica remains one of the bloodiest locales of the 1992-1995 Bosnian War.
		He is charged with regard to both personal involvement and in the commission of crimes and as a commander responsible for the actions of those under his authority.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/europe/9812/07/bosnian.genocide (339 words)

	Reports on War Crimes in the FormerYugoslavia
		Presented with a clear narrative and a brilliant summary of Bosnian history, with slides of the monuments before and after their destruction, this work is a key resource in the understanding of cultural genocide.
		The surviving Muslim population was expelled to Bosnian goverment-held territories, with atrocities and maltreatment throughout the expulsion process.
		PHOTO: Bosnian Muslim Kada Hotic looks at body remains in an attempt to identify her brother missing since July 1995 at a mass grave site in the village of Bljeceva, near the eastern Bosnian town of Bratunac, 50 kms north of Sarajevo, Bosnia, on Thursday, Sept. 2, 2004.
	www.haverford.edu /relg/sells/reports.html (6181 words)

	Nation-Building: A Doctrine for Darfur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		I watched the Bosnian genocide unfold while the world stood by, a conflict brought home by the fact I went to high school and college with two Bosnian girls.
		Genocide and ethnic cleansing are not mere instances of local conflict, but threats to the very foundation of an international order based on the interactions between peoples.
		There is a tendency, particularly within the humanitarian and self-styled "international" communities, to look at genocide as a sort of natural disaster: causeless and unstoppable, a thing to be alleviated rather than thwarted.
	dean2004.blogspot.com /2005/02/doctrine-for-darfur.html (1618 words)

	Genocide Encyclopedia @ NaturalResearch.org (Natural Research) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A country which recognizes that what another country does is genocide, may take action and intervene.
		However, there is no well-accepted doctrine of 'humanitarian intervention' in international law, and such forcible intervention may infringe the prohibition on the use of force.
		The Genocide Convention only provides that the State on whose territory the crime of genocide is committed, or an international penal tribunal, may prosecute the perpetrators of genocide.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Genocide (2628 words)

	CNN.com - Bosnian Serb genocide suspect freed - September 6, 2001
		Plavsic, 71, who surrendered voluntarily to the Hague-based United Nations war crimes tribunal in January, was granted permission on August 29 to return to her native Serbia, pending her trial for war crimes.
		Nicknamed the "Iron lady of Bosnia," and the "Serb Empress," Plavsic was a senior figure in the Bosnian Serb leadership during the civil war of 1992-95.
		She was indicted by The Hague tribunal on counts of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes for her alleged role in the civil war.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/09/06/plavsic.free (384 words)

	World court opens landmark Bosnian genocide case against Serbia
		Genocide defendent Bosnian Serb, Milan Lukic arrives in the courtroom for his initial appearance at the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal in The Hague, on February 24.
		The International Court of Justice (ICJ) opened a landmark genocide case brought by Bosnia against Serbia-Montenegro, the first state-level genocide case ever to be heard past the preliminary stages by the United Nations's highest court.
		The Bosnian war, which lasted from 1992 to 1995, claimed up to 200,000 lives and left millions of refugees homeless.
	archive.turkishpress.com /news.asp?id=110066 (696 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Serb major denies Bosnian genocide
		Dragan Obrenovic, the Bosnian Serb military commander accused of being involved in the 1995 massacre in the eastern Bosnian town of Srebrenica, pleaded not guilty to genocide and crimes against humanity at the international war crimes tribunal in the Hague yesterday.
		Maj Obrenovic was arrested by plain-clothed officers of the S-For peacekeeping force in Zvornik, eastern Bosnia, early on Sunday, and transferred to the Hague.
		The authorities of the Bosnian Serb republic have promised to cooperate with the tribunal, but have yet to arrest a single war crimes suspect living on their territory.
	www.guardian.co.uk /serbia/article/0,2479,474867,00.html (616 words)

	Genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The term "genocide" was coined by Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), a Polish Jewish legal scholar, in 1943, from the roots genos (Greek for family, tribe or race) and -cide (Latin - occidere, to massacre).
		Interestingly, it was broad at the same time as it included not only physical genocide, but also acts aimed at destroying the culture and livelihood of the group.
		Most generally, genocide is the deliberate destruction of a social identity.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Genocide (2961 words)

	The Srebrenica Massacre \| Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		At Srebrenica the Bosnian Serbs moved women and children to safety, and there is no evidence of any of them being murdered; whereas in Krajina there was no such separation and an estimated 368 women and children were killed, along with many too old and infirm to flee.
		It was concluded that the Bosnian Muslims were often guilty of frustrating agreements and peace arrangements in the political and military spheres, and that they bore a large responsibility for the poor humanitarian situation in Sarajevo and other areas.
		They are nevertheless commonly labeled as Srebrenica Genocide deniers to differentiate them from historical revisionists and because their goal is to deny the existance of the Srebrenica Genocide, by omitting substantial facts, rather than honestly using historical evidence and methodology to examine the event.
	blog.zmag.org /index.php/weblog/entry/srebrenica (9781 words)

	Bosnia Genocide Resources - Prevent Genocide International
		In Krstic's case, however, the judges, found that while implementing the orders, he lacked genocidal intent and was guilty only of "aiding and abetting genocide", a lesser crime not included in his original indictment.
		Anzulovic, a native of Croatia, focuses on the role of ideology in guiding genocidal actions: "the primary force leading to genocide is not the pathology of the individual organizing and committing the genocide, but the pathology of the ideas guiding them." (p.
		Genocide is the focus of growing scholarly attention and controversy.
	preventgenocide.org /edu/pastgenocides/formeryugoslavia/resources (3746 words)

	Shia News \| Europe \| War-crimes tribunal to hear genocide charge against Milosevic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Hague-based tribunal defines genocide as "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group." Those acts include murder, inflicting living conditions designed to eliminate a group, preventing births or transferring children from one group to another.
		Former Bosnian Serb President Radovan Karadic and his leading military chief, Gen. Ratko Mladic, were indicted for the Bosnian genocide in 1995.
		Chief Prosecutor Carla Del Ponte has said she expects to call hundreds of witnesses and present thousands of documents alleging Milosevic's complicity in a Serb campaign of ethnic cleansing in the decade-long wars that resulted from the breakup of Yugoslavia.
	www.shianews.com /hi/europe/news_id/0000322.php (716 words)

	European Network of Genocide Scholars (ENoGS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To honor the memory of the more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim victims of Srebrenica, the Institute for the Research of Crimes Against Humanity and International Law (University of Sarajevo) is hosting an international academic conference from July 10-14 in Sarajevo and Srebrenica.
		Scholars interested in presenting a paper at the conference are invited to consider all aspects of the Bosnian Genocide, including political, legal, social, cultural, and religious dimensions.
		Papers that examine the genocide in a comparative perspective are also welcome, and papers on Srebrenica itself are particularly encouraged.
	www.enogs.com (1145 words)

	World court opens landmark Bosnian genocide case against Serbia
		A landmark genocide case brought by Bosnia against Serbia-Montenegro before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) opened with Sarajevo stating that it did not seek revenge but rather to challenge Belgrade's denials of the horrors of the Bosnian war.
		"This case is not about blaming each and every Bosnian Serb for the acts of genocide committed on the non-Serbs of Bosnia and Hercegovina, rather we are here because the Belgrade authorities have taken the non-Serbs of Bosnia on a path to hell, a path littered with dead bodies, broken families...
		Serbia-Montenegro is expected to reiterate its claim that the ICJ has no jurisdiction to deal with Bosnia's claim as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), replaced in 2003 by the loose union of Serbia and Montenegro, did not become a member of the United Nations until 2000.
	archive.turkishpress.com /news.asp?id=110075 (756 words)

	Opinio Juris: The ICJ Tackles the Bosnian Genocide (About 13 Years Later)
		Today, the ICJ opened public hearings in the long-anticipated case between Bosnia and Serbia over Serbia's alleged responsibility for genocide during the 1993-1999 Balkan wars.
		The basis of the ICJ's jurisdiction is Article IX of the Genocide Convention.
		Additionally, the ICJ might be able to provide useful and maybe authoritative interpretations of the Genocide Convention and its scope of state responsibility.
	lawofnations.blogspot.com /2006/02/icj-tackles-bosnian-genocide-about-13.html (368 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Bosnian genocide suspect extradited
		A former Bosnian Serb military officer accused of committing war crimes and genocide during the Bosnian war in the 1990s has been transferred to the international war crimes tribunal in The Hague.
		Momir Nikolic was arrested on Monday by Nato-led troops near his home in the Bosnian village of Repovac.
		He has been indicted by the Hague tribunal for allegedly contributing to the killing and systematic execution by Serb forces of more than 7,000 Bosnian Muslim men in the Srebrenica enclave area in 1995.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/1907122.stm (311 words)

	Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies's Resources Links: G
		Genocide Convention: Implementation act of 1987 (The Proxmire Act).
		Genocide in Bosnia The Policy of "Ethnic Cleansing"
		International Court of Justice Considers Genocide - Bosnia and Herzegovina vs. Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).
	www.chgs.umn.edu /Links___Bibliography/Links/G/g.html (316 words)

	Hrvatska Rijec: It is greater genocide to refer to Bosniak language as Bosnian, 3/25/00
		If Bosniaks-Muslims wish to call their language Bosnian language they have the right to do so; similarly we have the right to call their language Bosniak language since our names for almost all languages are based on the name of the nation using that language.
		When someone refers to the language as Bosnian language it receives connotations of for example Swiss language, and we all know that such a language does not exist, just as there is no Yugoslav language.
		Arif Purivatra, the president of the Council of the Congress of Bosniak Intellectuals, recently stated that it is genocide to refer to the Bosnian language as the Bosniak language.
	www.ex-yupress.com /hrvrijec/hrvrijec6.html (2222 words)

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