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	Bosporan Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kingdom was at the height of its economic and cultural development.
		Kingdom was shaken by a socioeconomic and political crisis.
		In the 1st century BC the kingdom was ruled by the Tiberius Julius dynasty, which was descended from Mithradates VI, but Rome held the right to appoint new kings.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/B/O/BosporanKingdom.htm (319 words)

	Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kingdom of the Iclingas The Kingdom of the Iclingas was the precursor of the Kingdom of Mercia...
		Kingdom of Yugoslavia The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a 1941.
		States-General of the Kingdom of the Netherlands The Staten-Generaal (States-General) is the the Hague.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/kingdom.html (6404 words)

	Cimmerian Bosporus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bosporan kingdom is interesting as the first Hellenistic state, the first, that is to say, in which a mixed population adopted the Greek language and civilization.
		Their kingdom covered the eastern half of Crimea and the Taman peninsula, and extended along the east coast of the Sea of Azov to Tanais at the mouth of the Don, a great market for trade with the interior.
		The kingdom probably succumbed to the Huns established in the neighborhood.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cimmerian_Bosporus (1217 words)

	(S) ANCIENT BOSPORAN ARCHAEOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		And the Bosporan studies should be impossible in isolation from the rest Greek world and its barbarian outskirts.
		Bosporan town-planning and fortification techniques: early stage of the Greek settling on the Bosporan shores, development of the dug-outs and surface house building, order architecture and the local tendencies in the town construction, specific characters of the Bosporan military science and fortifications development.
		Syncretism of a cult and beliefs of the Bosporan population: temples and sanctuaries, Greek and barbarian elements in Bosporan religious life, syncretic elements which can be seen in the cult artifacts.
	www.eaa2003am.spb.ru /abstract/bospor.htm (321 words)

	The World of the Imperium Romanum
		The Nabatæan Kingdom, ruled by Malichus II (from 40-70 CE), extends from the east bank of the Jordan river to the Sinai peninsula, and well into the eastern desert as well.
		Nabatæa is a client kingdom of Rome, and extremely important to the spice and perfume trade.
		While both the Nabatæan and Sabæan kingdoms are predominantly human, an important race in Saba, unknown in the rest of the Roman world, is the highelven people.
	www.aquela.com /roleplaying/SPQR/world/Arabia.html (822 words)

	The necropolis of Pantikapaion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The tumulus as a grave marker dominates the appearance of the cemeteries in the Bosporan Kingdom (Fig.
		Thus, the burial mounts in the Bosporan Kingdom, as well as those outside, were decorated by sculpture, in order to render the outer appearance of the burial mounts indistinguishable from the existence of the grave decoration itself.
		Otherwise, the pelike is frequently used in the graves of the Bosporan Kingdom.
	www.pontos.dk /e_pub/e_pub/FlessPantikpaion_1.htm (5450 words)

	Crimea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Panticapaeum was a Milesian Greek colony, which became the political center of the Bosporan Kingdom also known as the Cimmerian Bosporus, the name given to the straits connecting the sea of Azov and the Black Sea.
		The Anatolian kingdom of Pontus conquered the Crimea (1st century BCE).
		Thus, after Rome annexed Pontus, the Bosporan Kingdom was retained as a distant, very loosely attached part of the Roman Empire.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /c/crimea.html (626 words)

	Rome, Vandals, Huns, etc. - The Guild
		The Bosporan kingdom was born from the geographical advantages of the Crimean peninsula.
		The Bosporan Kingdom was in the reach of several great trade routes and at the crossroads of several worlds.
		However, as for the kingdom itself, it stood tentatively poised between great empires and as the Goths migrated towards the Crimean the influence of infantry returned, reinforcing its cosmopolitan variation.
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/showthread.php?t=30157 (845 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.12.10
		True, the kingdom was much younger than most of the independent states in the Graeco-Roman world, and it was small indeed.
		So it is only fair that the Bosporan kingdom has emerged from obscurity in the last decade as western scholars increasingly have turned their attention to regions outside of Greece and Rome.
		Her very useful outline of the Bosporan dynastic history is very general since the author is going over only the major events.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-12-10.html (1113 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		($200) The Bosporan Kingdom Located at the edge of the known world, the cities and kingdoms of the Cimmerian Bosporus provided a transit point between Greco-Roman culture and the tribes of the vast hinterlands of central Asia.
		The kingdom reemerged after the death of Mithradates in 63 BC, with his son, Pharnakes II, ruling in Bosporus.
		The Bosporan kings struck coinage throughout this period, including gold staters struck bearing portraits of their respective Roman emperors.
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/ric/tiberius/RPC_1903.txt (279 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Virtual Tour
		The centre of ancient Panticapaeum, the capital of the Bosporan kingdom, was adorned by monumental depictions of the kingdom's rulers.
		This may be a depiction of Leucon, one of the Spartocid kings, who ruled in the 4th century B.C. That particular ruler managed to extend the borders of his state almost to the foothills of the Crimean mountains on the Kerch peninsula and to the offshoots of the Northern Caucasus on the Taman peninsula opposite.
		According to ancient writers, the people of Athens also put up statues to the Bosporan rulers in gratitude for their supplying Attica with grain.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/05/hm88_5_0_13_3.html (124 words)

	Black Sea travel - Crimea - History and People
		Many Greeks remained in Crimea after the Bosporan kingdom fell to the Huns and the Goths, and Khersoness became part of the Byzantine Empire.
		The Romans arrived in Crimea in the 1st century AD and established protectorates and naval bases at Khersoness and in the Bosporan kingdom in the east of the peninsula.
		They lost their Bosporan acquisitions to the Goths in the 4th century, but Khersoness became part of the Byzantine empire and remained under the control of Constantinople until the 13th century, when it was overrun by part of Chingiz Khan's Golden Horde.
	www.blacksea-crimea.com /history1.html (2349 words)

	BMCR-L: BMCR 2001.12.10 Ustinova, The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan
		According to the Loeb edition of Tacitus' "Annals", the Bosporus was "a small dependent kingdom of considerable antiquity."[[1]] At the time when that 1937 text was published, the reader would have needed this small footnote to make sense of a faraway place that, to Tacitus' contemporary readers, was very real.
		Close examination of the goddesses of the Scythians and other Iranian peoples in the South Russian steppes led the scholar to the conclusion that the indigenous Great Goddess was a counterpart of Greek Aphrodite Apatouros.
		Tacitus wrote that triumphs come from the acquisition of untouched populations and kingdoms.[[8]] Those who attempt to acquire knowledge of the Bosporan kingdom will find their efforts just as well rewarded.
	omega.cohums.ohio-state.edu /mailing_lists/BMCR-L/2001/0344.php (1072 words)

	Cimmerian Bosporus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		We know only that the last of them, Paerisades V, unable to make headway against the power of the natives,in 108 B.C. called in the help of Diophantus, general of Mithradates VI (the Great) of Pontus, promising to hand over his kingdom to that prince.
		Hence we know their names and dates fairly well, thought scarcely any events of their reigns are recorded.
		Their kingdom covered the eastern half of Crimea and the Taman peninsula, and extended along the east coast of the Sea of Azov to Tanais at the mouth of the Don, a great mart for trade with the interior.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Cimmerian-Bosporus.htm (1204 words)

	1st Century Inscriptions
		Levinskaya describes this monument as an inscription from the Bosporan Kingdom found in Kertch (??) in 1901-1903.
		The first thing that caught my eye was the way that epsilon and sigma were carved rectangularly in four places but in every other case they were lunate (curved).
		I know nothing about inscriptions made in the Bosporan Kingdom just after AD 300.
	lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-greek/2000-July/012771.html (512 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sarmatians
		Photo of Simon Schama by Robert Birnbaum Professor Simon Schama, MA (born 1945) is University Professor in history and art history at Columbia University.
		The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective entry requirements in the United Kingdom.
		A recent paper on the study of glass beads found in Sarmatian graves suggests wide cultural and trade links.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sarmatians (2574 words)

	Chersonesos - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The "Chersonesus Tauricus" of Antiquity, shown on a map printed in London, ca 1770
		In the late 2nd century BC Chersones became a dependency of the Bosporan kingdom.
		It was subject to Rome from the middle of the 1st century BC until the 370s AD, when it was captured by the Huns.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cherson (759 words)

	Antiqua Inc. Ancient Art & Numismatics / Ancient Greek Coins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		BOSPORAN KINGDOM, PHARNACES II AV Stater (8.21 gm) Year 247, 51/0 B.C. Diademed head of Pharnaces II right / Apollo enthroned left, holding laurel branch above tripod.
		Pharnaces II, son of Mithradates VI of Pontus, is best remembered for his revolt against his father, which drove the old king to suicide in 63 B.C. and rid Rome of a most dangerous adversary.
		Pharnaces’ gold staters are the first Bosporan coins to bear Pontic era dates.
	www.antiquainc.com /13c038.html (139 words)

	Abebooks Search Results - Mithridate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The author uses evidence gathered from Bosporan tomb paintings, funerary stelai, terracotta figurines and representations on coins to demonstrate the interaction particularly between the Scythians and the Greeks (but also the Sindians and Maeotians) in the context of their warfare traditions.
		The book is divided into three sections; Part I is From the beginnings of Panticapaem to the end of the Spartocid Dynasty, Part II is The Reign of Mithridates VI Eupator and his successors.
		Bosporans in the army of the King of Pontus, and Part III is From the reign of Aspurgus to the end of the Bosporan Kingdom.
	www.abebooks.co.uk /search/sortby/3/kn/Mithridate (1714 words)

	Livy: the Periochae of Books 101-105
		Pompey accepted the surrender of Tigranes and restored him to his own kingdom, Armenia, after he had deprived him of Syria, Phoenicia and Cilicia.
		There was a conspiracy by those who had been running for consul and had been condemned for bribery.
		When this same man [Cato] tried to obstruct a law in which provinces were allotted to the consuls for five years (Hispania to Pompey, Syria and the Parthian war to Crassus), he was put into irons by tribune Caius Trebonius, who had proposed the law.
	www.livius.org /li-ln/livy/periochae/periochae101.html (1391 words)

	Collection Highlights - The Hermitage - TicketsOfRUSSIA.ru
		Of particular interest is the collection of such comparatively rare coins as those of Axum Kingdom.
		The most remarkable part of the collection of Greek coins consists of pieces from towns on the Northern Black Sea coast, it covers the period from the beginning of minting in the 6th century BC to the final disintegration of the Bosporan kingdom in the 5th century.
		Not only coins of large towns such as Olbia, Panticapaeum and Chersonesus are represented in the collection, but also those of small Bosporan towns, which are rare.
	www.ticketsofrussia.ru /hermitage/03/hm3_7_1.html (514 words)

	IPCAA: Kudos
		Understanding Cultural Categories in the Bosporan Kingdom," in Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Black Sea Antiquities, British Archaeological Reports.
		“From Kurgans to Chora: Transformation and Dialogue in the Rural Landscape of the Bosporan Kingdom,” Institute for the Humanities, University of Michigan.
		“The Bosporan Kingdom and its Rural Territory,” Departmrnt of Classics, Florida State University.
	www.umich.edu /~ipcaa/currentstudent/kudos.html (1392 words)

	World Monuments Watch List includes two sites in Ukraine (11/09/03)
		The entry for "Panticapaeum" in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine (University of Toronto Press, 1984), notes that, given its strategic location on the western shore of the Kerch Strait, the city grew quickly.
		As the leading trade, manufacturing and cultural center on the northern coast of the Black Sea it became the capital of the Bosporan Kingdom, which arose in the 5th century B.C. as an alliance of existing Greek city-states.
		Panticapaeum was heavily damaged in Saumacus' revolt and Diophantus' capture of the city at the end of the 2nd century B.C. and by an earthquake c.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/2003/450323.shtml (1132 words)

	The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Yulia Ustinova: ISBN 9004112316
		The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Yulia Ustinova: ISBN 9004112316
		The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God
		This book is part of the Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, Vol 135.
	www.bestwebbuys.com /9004112316 (99 words)

	World Monuments Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Once the capital of the Bosporan Kingdom, the largest political state in the region of the ancient Black Sea, the ruins of the city of Panticapaeum contain evidence of settlement dating back to 2600 b.c.
		Over its long history the site has been occupied by Greeks, Scythians, and Sarmatians, evident in the art, architecture, and Kerch-style ceramics of the Bosporan Kingdom.
		This damage has been compounded by natural factors such as rain and erosion, combined with unregulated tourism and local development.
	www.wmf.org /html/programs/ukrpan.html (192 words)

	New book on Sarmatians - www.ezboard.com
		Oficyna Naukowa MS, Lodz, 1999; “Studies on the History of the Ancient and Medieval Art of Warfare” series, volume IV.
		I haven't ordered Army of the Bosporan Kingdom yet, I'm waiting for it to come out in paperback.
		I requested the cavalry book through interlibrary loan, the Bosporan Army book is not yet available in U.S. Gregg
	p200.ezboard.com /fromanarmytalkfrm10.showMessage?topicID=106.topic (209 words)

	Find in a Library: The supreme gods of the Bosporan Kingdom : Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God
		Find in a Library: The supreme gods of the Bosporan Kingdom : Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God
		The supreme gods of the Bosporan Kingdom : Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/3c307955dd4320f9a19afeb4da09e526.html (87 words)

	The NDSU Libraries: Germans From Russia
		438 BC Spartocid dynasty installed over the Bosporan Kingdom, at Panticapaeum.
		Third century BC Sarmatian peoples enter the Black Sea steppes and push the Scythians westwards.
		107 BC Death of Peirisades the Last; Mithridates Eupator, King of Pontus, becomes ruler of the Bosporan Kingdom.
	www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu /grhc/history_culture/history/chronology2.html (929 words)

	Alibris: Yulia Ustinova
		Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, the Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God
		The first systematic study of the religion of the Bosporan Kingdom.
		It examines the cults of Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God, viewing them as a blend of Greek and indigenous Iranian traditions.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Ustinova,Yulia (121 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, the Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Amazon.ca: Books: Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, the Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God
		Publisher: learn how customers can search inside this book.
		Top of Page : Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, the Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/9004112316 (228 words)

	Bosporos, Kings, Sauromates I - Ancient Greek Coinage - WildWinds.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kingdom of Bosporus, Sauromates I AE25mm 48 Nummia.
		EWC CAYPOMATOY Chair surmounted by crown, between shield and spear on left and human-headed scepter on right / MH, denomination within wreath.
		Hadrian & Sauromates I Gold Stater of the Bosporan Kingdom.
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/greece/bosporos/kings/sauromates_I/i.html (140 words)

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