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	Bosphorus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, it connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara (which is connected by the Dardanelles to the Aegean Sea, and thereby to the Mediterranean Sea).
		The shores of the strait are heavily populated as the city of Istanbul (in excess of 13 million inhabitants) straddles it.
		The strategic significance of the strait was one of the factors in the decision of the Roman Emperor Constantine I to found there in 330 AD his new capital, Constantinople, which came to be known as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bosporus (754 words)

	Strait - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A strait is a narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses.
		Straits are typically much larger, wider structures that do not have water running in a single direction, and normally connect two seas.
		That is, while straits lie between two land masses and connect two larger bodies of water, isthmuses lie between two bodies of water and connect two larger land masses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strait (203 words)

	Bosporus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Bosporus or Bosphorus (Turkish Bogazici) is a strait that separates the European part of Turkey from the Asian part, and connects the Sea of Marmara with the Black Sea.
		Two bridges cross the Bosporus strait: the Bogazici (Bosporus I) Bridge (1074 metres long, completed in 1973) and the Fatih Sultan Mehmed (Bosporus II) Bridge (1090 metres long, completed in 1988).
		Due to the importance of the strait for the defense of Istanbul, the Ottoman sultans constructed a castle on each side of it (Anadoluhisari and Rumelihisari).
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/b/bo/bosporus.html (218 words)

	Bosporus
		Increasing the chances of confusion, the ancient Greeks also called a land area near these two straits also by the same name: the Thracian Chersonesus, which is known today as Gallipoli, and the Cimmerian Chersonesus, known today as the Crimea.
		Due to the importance of the strait for the defense of Istanbul, the Ottoman sultans constructed a castle on each side of the strait (Anadoluhisari[?] and Rumelihisari[?]).
		The strategic importance of the strait remains high: several international treaties have governed vessels using the waters.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bo/Bosphorus.html (182 words)

	Bosphorus or Bosporus Strait, Istanbul, Turkey
		The Bosphorus (or Bosporus) is a strait that separates the European part (Rumeli) of Turkey from its Asian part (Anadolu), connecting the Sea of Marmara with the Black Sea.
		The shores of the strait are heavily populated as the city of Istanbul (population at least 11 million) straddles it.
		The strategic significance of the strait was one of the factors in the decision of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great to found there in 330 AD his new capital, Constantinople.
	www.magicaljourneys.com /Turkey/turkey-interest-istanbul-bosphorus.html (669 words)

	Bosporus Strait, Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Bosporus (near the center of the photograph), a strait that connects the Black Sea to the north with the Sea of Marmara to the south, stands out in this low-oblique, north-looking photograph.
		Structurally the Bosporus is an inundated valley that follows an irregular northeast-southwest course 19 miles (30 kilometers) long, with widths varying from approximately 2 miles (4 kilometers) at its northern mouth to 800 yards (730 meters) at Rumelihasari, midway of the strait.
		The Bosporus Bridge, connecting the European and Asian sections of the city, was opened in 1973 and is one of the longest suspension bridges in the world [3524 feet (1074 meters)].
	www.globalcoordinate.com /items/4826.aspx (295 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Turkey refuses to ease safety restrictions in Bosporus strait (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The decision came in spite of increasing pressure from European refiners, some of which are suffering their worst oil shortage in years because of the number of oil tankers clogging the narrow waterway.
		Russian producers, who depend on the strait as one of their most important export routes, are also affected, with railway and pipeline back-ups caused by the bottleneck.
		The Bosporus is notorious for delays at this time of year, with the strait often closed by fog or snow.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/nte40604.htm (335 words)

	Bosporus - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Bosporus, also Bosphorus (Turkish İstanbul Boğazi; ancient Bosporus Thracius), strait, southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, connecting the...
		In June extra water from Inyo and Mono counties in the Sierra Nevada started flowing through the second Los Angeles Aqueduct at the rate of 152,000 acre-feet annually, enough to supply the needs of the city for another 15 years of growth.
		Marmara, Sea of (ancient Propontis), inland sea, northwestern Turkey, connected to the Black Sea by the Bosporus Strait and to the Aegean Sea by the...
	encarta.msn.com /Bosporus.html (149 words)

	W A S H I N G T O N P O S T : The Bosporus: A Clogged Artery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		One evening in April, a 9,000-ton cargo ship ran out of control and thundered into the shoreline of Bebek, an Istanbul neighborhood on the Bosporus Strait, terrifying residents as it ground to a halt just short of their houses.
		The Bosporus, with its sharp curves and quirky currents, was far better suited to the Greek galleys called triremes or the gilded rowboats of the Ottoman sultans than to the gargantuan tankers of global oil barons.
		With the strait carrying 1.7 million barrels a day in the bellies of mammoth tankers, any disruption there "could have a significant impact on world oil prices," said a recent report by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
	www.turkishpilots.org /NEWS/2000_11_15_Bosporus_A_Clogged_Artery.htm (972 words)

	WWS 401c: The Problem of Caspian Energy
		The Bosporus Strait is a thirty-one kilometer- (nineteen mile-) long channel that connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea via the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles.
		The Bosporus Strait also offers the sole biological corridor for marine wildlife migrating into and out of the Black Sea, although due to increasing levels of pollution, the last regular migrations occurred more than a decade ago.
		As is typical of the sort of finger-pointing that seems to accompany the growing environmental consciousness in the region, Turkey highlighted the dire environmental situation plaguing Russia today, claiming that Russia had always placed environmental concerns secondary to its desires for economic development.
	www.wws.princeton.edu /wws401c/1998/emily.html (5725 words)

	Bosporus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The average width of the strait is 1.5 kilometers, narrows down to a mere 700 meters.
		Because the nineteen-mile long Bosporus cuts through the heart of Istanbul, the environmental and safety hazards posed by increased tanker traffic are of prime concern to the Turkish government, which has been pushing the issue to the forefront internationally.
		The treaty was written at a time when an average of fifteen ships weighing an average of 13 tons each navigated the strait each day; each day in 1995, however, 126 ships with an average weight of over 200,000 tons passed through the Bosporus.
	www.wws.princeton.edu /~wws401c/1998/bosporus.html (355 words)

	The Bosporus Strait crossing for cruises, tours, airport transfers, sights . . (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		At present, the strait is spanned by two road-bridges.
		A project to cross the Bosporus Strait (Bogazici) by rail tunnel is now under way, ansd should be operational by 2008.
		Bosporus Strait crossings today are by either road-bridge or cruise ship.
	www.theglobalrailway.com /bosporus (151 words)

	Steel Bridge across Bosporus, Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Istanbul, Turkey's largest city, lies on both sides of the Bosporus, a narrow body of water between Thrace and Anatolia.
		The Bosporus strait, which is 19 miles long, connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara.
		The suspension bridge across the Bosporus was completed in 1973.
	www.msm.cam.ac.uk /phase-trans/2005/Bosporus/Bosporus.html (105 words)

	The real life basis for Noah's Flood
		The narrow passageway between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus Strait, is marked by certain anomalous physical characteristics that point to a time when the Black Sea was actually an isolated freshwater lake, and the Bosporus Strait a mighty natural dam.
		The people of the Bosporus valley would have been aware of the rising waters on the other side of the Bosporus dam.
		Eventually the flood would have come to an end, and the strange flow pattern of waters through the Bosporus Strait would have been established: fresher, lighter Black Sea water flows southward out of the Bosporus Strait at the surface, while the heavier, saltier Mediterranean water flows northward, in along the bottom of the channel.
	sc.essortment.com /noahfloodepic_rmtq.htm (1325 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Turkey's new shipping regulations cause Bosporus strait traffic jam
		Today, though, the most noticeable image on his screens is stuck: a large blob, representing nearly 100 ships, is idling at the straits' mouth.
		Zigzagging a north-south course past graceful Ottoman palaces and modern apartment blocks, the Bosporus flows for 20 miles, connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and eventually the Aegean and Mediterranean.
		Sitting in an office that overlooks the Bosporus and Istanbul's harbour, shipping agent Ibrahim Koral fields calls from anxious oil-company executives, eager to know when yet another bout of fog will lift and their anchored tanker will be able to continue through the strait.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/nte50633.htm (782 words)

	Beyond the Bosporus - Bosp(h)orus Strait, tours, trips, cruise, articles. . . (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is envisaged that the Bosporus tunnel will also be integrated with another mega-project under planning: a high-speed rail corridor between Istanbul and the capitol, Ankara, to the east.
		The Bosporus inter-continental link project is realisable in the near future, and could be operational by 2005.
		As the Turkish people consider their devastated region, there is a mood at large in the nation that it is time to rebuild and reach out to the rest of the world.
	www.theglobalrailway.com /pressbureau/features/bosporusbeyond.htm (614 words)

	VOANews.com - Giant Aircraft Carrier Finally Passes through Bosporus
		After more than a year of waiting due to strong Turkish concerns, a giant, partially-built aircraft carrier sold by Ukraine to a Chinese company has finally transitted the Bosporus Strait and is headed towards the Dardanelles.
		As it passed through the Bosporus Thursday, the Varyag was accompanied by at least 10 ships, including some manned by firefighters and other emergency personnel.
		The Bosporus, which connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean and cuts Istanbul in half, is filled with treacherous currents that have caused numerous shipping accidents in the past.
	www.help-for-you.com /news/Nov2001/Nov01/PRT01-41Article.html (229 words)

	Important Regions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Bosporus is a strait which separates the Turkish part of Europe with Asia.
		The Bosporus is 30 kilometers long with a width varying from 750 meters in it's narrowest spot - to as much as 3,5000 in the Northern part of the strait.
		Almost a century later, its counterpart built in the other side of the strait was the Roumeli Hissar.
	medieval-castles.org /index.php?cat=73 (238 words)

	Istanbul, Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The old part of the city, which corresponds to ancient Constantinople, is mainly located on the south west corner of the Bosporus strait.
		However, the modern city is much larger and covers both the European and Asian sides of the Bosporus.
		The strait separates Europe from Asia and the Black Sea from the Marmara Sea.
	earth.esa.int /cgi-bin/satimgsql.pl?pf=1028 (303 words)

	EO Newsroom: New Images - Bosporus Strait and Istanbul, Turkey
		The Bosporus is a strait that connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara in the center of this view of northwest Turkey, taken during the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM).
		The water of the Black Sea at the top of the image and Sea of Marmara below the center are colored blue in this image, along with several large lakes.
		The Bosporus (Turkish Bogazici) Strait is considered to be the boundary between Europe and Asia, and the large city of Istanbul, Turkey is located on both sides of the southern end of the strait, visible as a brighter (light green to white) area on the image due to its stronger reflection of radar.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=8757 (514 words)

	current events
		These regulations include a maximum ship height of 190ft (There are two bridges going across the straits), a rule that ships carrying hazardous material must pass through one at a time, and a rule that ships over 200 meters long must pass in daylight and in favorable weather.
		To add to these revisions, but without still completely revising the Montreaux Convention, Capitan Oguzulgen, a captain who works on the Bosporus, believes there are still some important measures that can be taken to relieve the unhealthy state of the greatly important strait.
		He believes that "more modern ships, a program to provide special training to prepare officers to sail through the unpredicatable waters, and a reduction in the amount of hazardous material that passes through the Bosporus" would be much needed additions to the regulations already attached to the Montreaux convention.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~cpoverga/currently.html (755 words)

	Istanbul, Turkey
		The body of water to the left is the Bosporus Strait with the Sea of Marmara in the distance.
		The Bosporus Strait connects to the Black Sea.
		Also available framed in a 1/8" aluminum gloss fl frame with glass to a size of 13 5/8" x 40 1/8".
	www.retrocollection.com /pages/bist1.htm (82 words)

	Russian oil ships stuck in Bosporus strait traffic jam \| csmonitor.com
		The Turks are saying 'We can't handle all this oil traffic,' and the Russians are complaining, so we need to figure out what to do," says Bulent Aliriza, director of the Turkey project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington.
		Sitting in an office that overlooks the Bosporus and Istanbul's harbor, shipping agent Ibrahim Koral fields calls from anxious oil-company executives, eager to know when yet another bout of fog will lift and their anchored tanker will be able to continue through the strait.
		There are currently five possible routes under discussion, but Turkey first wants oil companies to voluntarily commit to pumping their product through whichever pipeline is finally built, to avoid a scenario in which one company picks up the shipping slack of those that are no longer using the Bosporus.
	www.csmonitor.com /2005/0125/p04s01-woeu.html (881 words)

	TUMPA NEWS INDEX- MARITIME NEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The ship is expected to pass from Canakkale Strait in nine hours and enter Istanbul Strait (Bosporus) on Monday at noon hours.
		He also indicated that the Turkish straits were saturated to ship traffic and passage of more tankers would completely block the ship traffic.
		A GLANCE TO THE STRAITS Since the historical inheritance of the centuries with the surrounding beauty in The Straits is the treasure of all human kind and the millions of residents living around and on adjacent coasts are not willing to have this pipeline passing through their heart.
	www.turkishpilots.org /NEWS/newsindex.html (2407 words)

	Turkey's Dilemma With Export of Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Turkey’s Bosporus strait is one of the world’s busiest shipping lanes.
		The narrow waterway bisecting Istanbul is part of the sole passage between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
		In cooperation with Azerbaijan and Georgia, Turkey hopes the proposed 1,760-kilometer (1,090-mile) pipeline bypassing the Bosporus and exporting Azerbaijani oil through the Mediterranean port of Ceyhan next year will cut traffic and hazards.
	www.earthvision.net /ColdFusion/News_Page1.cfm?NewsID=26905 (296 words)

	The Christian Science Monitor: Russian oil ships stuck in Bosporus strait traffic jam; Turkey's new shipping ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Christian Science Monitor: Russian oil ships stuck in Bosporus strait traffic jam; Turkey's new shipping regulations are causing an expensive bottleneck on the famed waterway.(WORLD)@ HighBeam Research
		Russian oil ships stuck in Bosporus strait traffic jam; Turkey's new shipping regulations are causing an expensive bottleneck on the famed waterway.(WORLD)
		This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:127643101&... (207 words)

	Google Sightseeing » Post Archive » Bridge Between Two Continents
		This is the Bosporus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey.
		Interestingly, as the Bosporus strait is the boundary between Europe and Asia, the bridge actually connects two continents.
		Just beside the Bosporus Bridge is an absolutely huge tanker, has anyone seen one bigger than this?
	googlesightseeing.com /2005/08/16/bridge-between-2-continents (1044 words)

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