
	Where results make sense

Topic: Bothnian Sea

	Bothnian Sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bothnian Sea links the Bothnian Bay (called also Bay of Bothnia) with the Baltic proper.
		Bothnian Sea, as well as the whole Gulf of Bothnia, is situated between Sweden, to the west, and Finland, to the east.
		The surface area of Bothnian Sea is approximately 79 000 square kilometers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bothnian_Sea (191 words)

	Geografia d'Europa: material de suport
		The sea is surrounded by Germany, Poland, the Russian Federation, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Denmark.
		In many areas of the Baltic Sea, the strong increase of phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations observed in the 1970s has stopped, with the exception of the Kattegat, the Gulf of Riga and the eastern Gulf of Finland, where the nitrogen concentrations are still increasing.
		The Baltic Sea seal populations are slowly recovering from the reproductive failures, possibly caused by the accumulation of toxic substances.
	www.ub.es /medame/marbalti.html (4186 words)

	Chapter IV - 1.3
		The Bothnian Bay has low phosphorus concentrations and comparatively high concentrations of nitrogen, while in the Bothnian Sea the phosphorus concentrations are considerably higher and the nitrogen concentrations, primarily inorganic species, are lower.
		In the Bothnian Sea, the DIN:DIP values are around the Redfield uptake ratio of 16:1 indicating balance between the two nutrients, while phosphorus is the limiting nutrient in the Bothnian Bay.
		In the coastal waters of the Bothnian Sea, the lower summer concentrations of inorganic nitrogen, and consequently lower DIN:DIP ratios between 10 and 20, indicate a relatively balanced supply of nitrogen and phosphorus during the growing season (Figs.
	www.vtt.fi /inf/baltic/balticinfo/text_files/chapter4.1.3.html (3992 words)

	A Global Representative System of Marine Protected Areas - Volume 1, Marine Region 6, Baltic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the Bothnian Bay the range is about from 0°C to 14-15°C. In the central Baltic proper the annual range at 30 meters depth is about from 1-10°C and, at 60 meters, from 2-5°C. Over most of the Baltic Sea, a spring and summer thermocline forms at depths between 15 and 20 meters.
		The Åland Sea and the (Finnish-Åbo) Archipelago Sea represent the border between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic proper.
		Sea bed comprised of coarse sand with numerous fields of stones; Thallophytae and Rhodophytae are present; numerous aggregations of blue mussels and concentrations of flatfish including Scophtalmus maximum, and habitat of fish species Mysoceplialus scoapius and Zoarces viviparus.
	www.deh.gov.au /coasts/mpa/nrsmpa/global/volume1/chapter6.html (13262 words)

	Seao - S13 avian erythroblastosis oncogene homolog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		We conclude that macrophage-stimulating protein is a ligand of the Sea receptor protein-tyrosine kinase.
		F1 from Bothnian Sea salmon also reduced the number of T-cells in foetal mouse thymus analagen in vitro compared with the cell number in anlagen exposed to F1 from Senja salmon.
		The toxins involved in ciguatera (fish poisoning) in the Caribbean Sea were isolated from Caranx latus, a pelagic fish often implicated in ciguatera in the Caribbean region, and purified by mouse bioassay directed fractionation.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/148036.html (358 words)

	Gulf of Bothnia-budget
		The Bothnian Bay and the Bothnian Sea are the two northernmost basins of the Baltic, collectively called the Gulf of Bothnia.
		The inputs of both organic and inorganic phosphorus from the Baltic proper to the Bothnian Sea are large, corresponding to the total loads from the drainage basin to the entire Gulf of Bothnia.
		The Bothnian Bay seems to be a net exporter of both organic and inorganic nitrogen, while the in- and outflows of the Bothnian Sea and of the Baltic proper are more complex resulting in a small net input of N from the Baltic proper.
	data.ecology.su.se /mnode/Europe/BothniaGulf/GBbud.HTM (570 words)

	Bothnian Bay Life - Action Plan
		The Bothnian Bay is the northernmost basin of the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea.
		The low-lying and shallow coast is thus extending towards the sea, bays are separated from the sea, islands coalesce with the coast, and ship and boat channels have to be dredged constantly.
		The Bothnian Bay is a shallow sea with an average depth of 40 m.
	wwwp.ymparisto.fi /perameri/html/eng/acpmain1.htm (1349 words)

	HELCOM
		The distribution pattern of Chernobyl derived Cs-137 in the Baltic Sea sediments is very scattered, with the highest values occurring in the Bothnian Sea and the eastern Gulf of Finland.
		In the central Bothnian Sea the maximum was reached in 1992 and the values have decreased after that, but in the eastern Gulf of Finland the accumulation continued through the 1990s, reaching its peak in 1999, and started to decrease in 2000.
		In the southern parts of the Baltic Sea the amounts of Cs-137 were about one tenth of those in the Bothnian Sea and the Gulf of Finland.
	www.helcom.fi /environment/indicators2004/C137sediments/en_GB/C137 (895 words)

	Sea & coast photos (Outdoor recreation images) @ Nomads'Land stock photos
		Extensions of the Baltic Sea basin delimit about one third of Finland's borders: on the south, the Gulf of Finland is shared with Estonia and Russia, while on the west, the broad Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay partly separate Finland from Sweden.
		Compared to oceans and other seas, the Baltic is shallow and has a rather low salinity, especially in its northernmost part where rivers bring a continuous influx of fresh water.
		The part of the Finnish population that lives on the south-east coastline or in the archipelago has a distinct "marine" sub-culture, shaped by both the proximity of the sea and by history: it is where most of the Swedish-speaking minority lives.
	www.maion.com /photography/finland/sea_pictures.html (541 words)

	1998 Publications
		Cyanobacteria blooms in the Gulf of Finland triggered by saltwater inflow ito the Baltic Sea.
		Internatinal Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
		Sea trout, Salmo trutta L., in small sreams on Gotland; the coastal Zone as a growth habitat for parr.
	www2.ecology.su.se /publications/1998/index.htm (6993 words)

	Chapter IV - 1.7
		Data from the coastal northwestern Bothnian Sea were in accordance with the assessment of the open sea.
		A significant increase of chlorophyll a was observed for the period 1979-93 in the Bothnian Sea, primarily caused by higher values during the last 5 years of that period, and suggesting an increasing trophic state during summer.
		An increase of the benthic macrofauna could be demonstrated both in the Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay since the beginning of the 1960s until the early 1980s.
	www.baltic.vtt.fi /balticinfo/text_files/chapter4.1.7.html (1143 words)

	Water at Bothnian Bay - Nutrients and metals
		The nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is quite stable in the Bothnian Sea and nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in the rest of the Baltic Sea.
		The phosphorus that could be transported from the Bothnian Sea into the Bothnian Bay, is bound to iron and exposed to sedimentation, which is why it does not reach the Bothnian Bay.
		The impact that metals have on sea organisms depends on the chemical form of the metals, the simultaneous occurrence of other substances in the sea and the way that the organisms receive or bind metals.
	wwwp.ymparisto.fi /perameri/html/eng/pmain3.htm (357 words)

	The Plague and the Northeast
		It is true that some parish ships from this part of the Bothnian Sea, Norra Botten, have reached Stockholm already at the end of May, or recently, in the very beginnings of June.
		Sea winds are always salutary in comparison with the unhealthy and stale airs of land.
		At midsummer almost all sea fisheries are suspended in favour of the rivers and their mouths.
	www.abc.se /~m10354/publ/plag1350.htm (13009 words)

	Chapter IV - 1.2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For the purpose of the assessment, the 80 m depth was chosen to be representative of the deep water.
		In the Bothnian Sea, the salinity at 95-115 m showed a clearly decreasing trend of 0.07 psu per year during the assessment period (linear regression: p=0.072 and r2=0.79; Figure 4.1.4).
		The amount of data were, however, too small to identify the causes of the trend observed for the Bothnian Sea.
	www.baltic.vtt.fi /balticinfo/text_files/chapter4.1.2.html (451 words)

	Nutrients in seawater - Swedish EPA
		In the Bothnian Sea too, nitrate and phosphate concentrations increased until the 1980s, but since they are on lower levels here, the problems of eutrophication are less pronounced than in the central and southern Swedish sea areas.
		Nitrate content has also risen up in the Bothnian Bay, but the concentration of phosphate, the growth-restricting nutrient substance in these parts, has if anything diminished, and so the Bothnian Bay is the only sea area round the coasts of Sweden which has completely escaped eutrophication.
		The concentrations shown in the charts are averages for the months between December and February (in the Kattegat and the Baltic proper) or November and March (in the Bothnian Sea and the Bothnian Bay).
	www.internat.naturvardsverket.se /documents/pollutants/overgod/eutro/nptrende.html (557 words)

	Supply of nitrogen and phosphorus to the sea - Swedish EPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Emissions of nitrogen to the sea through Swedish watercourses underwent a noticeable increase during the 1970s, due above all, probably, to increased nitrogen deposition from the atmosphere and the increasing use of nitrogen fertiliser in agriculture.
		Direct phosphorus emissions into the sea from point sources (urban communities and industry) along Sweden's coastline have declined heavily as a result of improved wastewater treatment, but these emissions account for only a minor portion of the total supply of nutrients to the sea.
		The heavy year-on-year fluctuations in nutrient supply are mainly due to the outflow of nutrients through watercourses being connected with discharge, with high discharge, for example, entailing a heavy outflow of nutrients.
	www.internat.naturvardsverket.se /documents/pollutants/overgod/eutro/flode.html (288 words)

	SWEDEN [Sverige] - Online Information article about SWEDEN [Sverige] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The deposits of glacial sand and clay are found in the southern part of Sweden at a height ranging from 70 to 150 ft. above the level of the sea, but in the interior of the country at a height of 400 ft. above the sea.
		The sea fauna also gradually changed, the arctic species migrating northward and being succeeded by the species existing on the coasts of Sweden.
		seals are met with in the neighbouring seas, and Phoca foetida is confined to the Baltic.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SUS_TAV/SWEDEN_Sverige.html (6534 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Gulf of Bothnia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is situated between Finland (Republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917) 's west coast and Sweden (A Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula) 's east coast.
		In the south of the gulf lie the Åland Islands (additional info and facts about Åland Islands), between the Sea of Åland and the Archipelago Sea (additional info and facts about Archipelago Sea).
		The sea area is interesting because its salinity (The relative proportion of salt in a solution) drops rapidly towards the North.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gu/gulf_of_bothnia.htm (193 words)

	Umeå Marine Sciences Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nutrient addition experiments indicated phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton in the Bothnian Bay and the coastal areas in the northern Bothnian Sea, but nitrogen limitation in the open Bothnian Sea.
		A positive correlation between the phosphate concentraton and the production/biomass ratio of phytoplankton was demonstrated, which partly explained the differences in the specific growth rate of the phytoplankton during the summer.
		The number of dominating species was higher in the Bothnian Sea than in the Bothnian bay.
	www.umf.umu.se /personalASP/abstracts/s9.html (260 words)

	State of Baltic Sea Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the waters of the central and western parts of the Baltic Sea significant decreasing trends for cadmium and copper was observed during 1980-93.
		The dominating artificial radionuclides in the Baltic Sea environment are 137Cs and 90Sr.
		The massive concentration of sea birds in restricted areas accentuates the necessity of applying precautionary steps with regard to oil pollution; one single spill may eliminate large portions of the entire north-west European sea bird populations.
	www.inem.org /htdocs/eco-baltic/environment.html (2253 words)

	PRINT Baltic fish less contaminated than 25 years ago
		The decrease of contaminants in the Baltic Sea fish is a result of measures taken by the HELCOM countries to reduce discharges of lead and PCBs to the environment, the Commission said when launching the report.
		The regional extent of eutrophication is clear from concentrations of nutrients in winter and the subsequent intensity of spring phytoplankton blooms.
		The amount of radioactive caesium-137 in the Baltic Sea from the 1986 Chernobyl explosion and fire remains unchanged, with highest concentrations in the sediments of the Bothnian Sea and the Gulf of Finland.
	www.newfarm.org /international/news/010105/010504/ba_fish_print.shtml (875 words)

	Gulf of Bothnia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Gulf of Bothnia consists of two separate basins, the Bothnian Sea and the Bothnian Bay (separated by a 25 m sill at the Northern Quark), the Åland Sea and the Archipelago Sea (southwestern Finland).
		Salinity gradients are weak in this subarea; even in the southernmost part of the Bothnian Sea the difference between the surface water and the 150 m depth layer does not exceed 1PSU.
		Due to wind-driven transport and the Coriolis force, salinity is somewhat (0.5-1.0 PSU) higher along the eastern coast of the Gulf of Bothnia.
	www.ku.lt /nemo/bot_lag_desc.html (249 words)

	Baltic Sea Portal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Local concentrations of blue-green algae are found on the entire open sea surface of the Gulf of Finland from Hanko to Virolahti Bay as well as in the Archipelago Sea and in the open waters surrounding the Aland archipelago.
		A concentration of blue-green algae was observed on the surface of the Bothnian Sea during the weekend.
		In the open sea areas of the Northern Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland seawater temperatures are approaching 20ºC. The warm water favours the reproduction of the toxic Nodularia-blue-green alga.
	www.fimr.fi /en/itamerikanta/uutiset/536.html (609 words)

	Gulf of Bothnia from LOICZ R&S5
		This analysis, taken from the LOICZ Reports and Studies Series #5, is presented as a case in which it was possible to evaluate fluxes with a high temporal resolution, in which it was possible to follow both organic and inorganic nutrient fractions, and in which the temporal variation of water volume was important.
		In this study, it was found that it is not sufficient to use the variations in total amounts to estimate the fate of the nutrient load to the Gulf of Bothnia.
		The different fluxes between the sub-basins, that is the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea and between the Bothnian Sea and the Baltic proper, had to be estimated.
	data.ecology.su.se /mnode/Europe/BothniaGulf/gulf_of_bothnia2.htm (1349 words)

	ENWL_news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the Bothnian Sea, Western and Southern Baltic Proper the decrease has been in the order of 35%.
		The reduction in the Bothnian Bay and Kattegat areas was less, approximately 25%.
		In the Bothnian Bay and the Gulf of Finland natural turbidity caused by river run-off is higher than in the other regions causing the water to be less transparent even in the beginning of the 20th century.
	spb.ecology.net.ru /enwl/2004/12/10_02.htm (341 words)

	OPCOM: Coastal Management Sites - Archipelago Sea and Kirjönjoki Estuary (Finlandia)
		The Archipelago Sea is situated at the connection between the Gulf of Bothnia and the central Baltic Sea.
		The most characterizing feature of the Archipelago Sea itself is a huge number of islands of irregular size and shape, separated by narrow passages of highly irregular depths and a few wider sea areas in between.
		The water exchange is very much depending on total fluctuations of the Baltic Sea and the Bothnian Sea system, on winds (or ice cover annually for a couple of months), and on the complex system of passages within the sea.
	www.hydromod.de /opcom/CM_fi.html (385 words)

	Inter Research » CR » v27 » n3 » p237-251
		A modest rise in global sea level (+1 m) would lead to a salinity increase from 8 to 9 in the southern Baltic Proper.
		Further, a sea level drop of about 5 m or an increase in the freshwater supply by a factor of 3 would reduce the salinity in the southern Baltic Proper to <1, i.e.
		A 50% decrease in freshwater supply would double the salinity in the southern Baltic Proper to about 15; the effect is more pronounced in the Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay, where the salinity would increase from 6 to 13 and from 3.5 to 10, respectively.
	www.int-res.com /abstracts/cr/v27/n3/p237-251 (327 words)

	Oulun yliopisto \| Biologian laitos
		Baltic Sea was formed after the latest ice age only some thousands of years ago.
		The Bothnian Bay freezes every winter, but the global warming may affect the length of ice-covered period, the thickness and the movements of the ice.
		Ice covers the sea around Marjaniemi usually from late November to late May. Highest annual surface water temperature is about 20 °C reached usually in late July – early August.
	www.oulu.fi /perameri/nature.html (444 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)