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	Botrytis cinerea -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A grey (A parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll and leaves and true stems and roots and reproducing by spores) fungus, Botrytis cinerea or Botrytis, that affects (Fermented juice (of grapes especially)) wine (Any of various juicy purple- or green-skinned fruit of the genus Vitis; grow in clusters) grapes.
		Botrytis cinerea is characterized by hyaline conida on gray conidiophores.
		Botrytis produces an anti-fungal that kills yeast and often results in fermentaion stopping before the wine has reached sufficient levels of alcohol.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bo/botrytis_cinerea.htm (294 words)

	Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture - Botrytis Blight of Wild Blueberries
		The fungus (Botrytis cinerea) which causes this disease produces spores during the bloom period primarily on dead weeds within the field and on weeds bordering the field.
		Since Botrytis blight does not cause any permanent damage to plants, the decision to control blight is based on the cost of the control measures, the value of blueberries and the expected crop loss from blight.
		Fungicides for Botrytis blight control should be applied prior to the commencement of any wet periods, on a seven to ten day schedule between mid-bloom and the end of the bloom period.
	www.gnb.ca /0171/10/0171100028-e.asp (600 words)

	IPM : Reports on Plant Diseases : Gray-Mold Rot or Botrytis Blight of Vegetables
		Cool, damp, poorly ventilated greenhouses are ideal for the disease, and Botrytis blights are probably the most common diseases of greenhouse-grown crops, especially in the spring and fall when the vents of greenhouses are closed at night to prevent heat loss.
		Outdoors Botrytis overwinters in the soil as mycelium on plant debris, and as fl, hard, flat or irregular sclerotia in the soil and plant debris, or mixed with seed.
		Botrytis is also active at low temperatures, and can cause problems on vegetables stored for weeks or months at temperatures ranging from 32 to 50 (0 to 10 C).
	www.ipm.uiuc.edu /diseases/series900/rpd942 (1713 words)

	Botrytis, Downy Mildew and Purple Blotch of Onion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Botrytis, Downy Mildew and Purple Blotch of Onion
		Botrytis spores kill cells and cause a small, yellow to white, oval, sunken spot or fleck on green foliage, usually late in the season.
		Botrytis neck rot incidence is closely associated with harvesting and curing practices (Table 1).
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/crops/02941.html (1470 words)

	Strat's Place - Daniel Rogov - Botrytis - The Noble Rot
		Botrytis, it should be understood, is a beneficial fungus that can transform an ordinary wine into a great one.
		In California and Australia, botrytis is rarely found in nature but the spores are sometimes sprayed on vines that have been set aside in isolated buildings, thus allowing a somewhat artificial but controlled development of the rot.
		In Israel, for example, botrytis has appeared at least five times in the last fifteen years but only once, in 1988 were there enough grapes to produce a sizeable amount of wine.
	www.stratsplace.com /rogov/botrytis_noble_rot.html (624 words)

	Botrytis Blight
		Botrytis blight or gray mold is a fungus disease which infects a wide array of herbaceous annual and perennial plants.
		Botrytis blight of peony infects the base of young shoots as they emerge from the ground and covers them with a dense velvety gray mold.
		When Botrytis blight of peony is a problem, avoid the use of dense, wet, mulches and apply the first fungicide spray in early spring, just as the red shoots begin to push up out of the ground.
	www.rnews.com /print.cfm?id=9940 (828 words)

	This could be bad grape Botrytis year
		"Botrytis hits California vineyards hard every three years and this could be one of those years with all the moisture we have had," Gubler told a group of growers and pest control advisers recently at a grape pest control strategies workshop sponsored by Bayer CropScience.
		Botrytis requires free water and 95 percent humidity to germinate spores, said Gubler.
		It is difficult for grape growers to avoid Botrytis since it can be found just about anywhere on the vine and even in dead blossoms and leaves on the vineyard floor.
	westernfarmpress.com /news/2-16-05-bad-Botrytis-year/index.html (893 words)

	Newly identified gene may halt fuzzy, moldy fruit
		"Botrytis affects many important crops in the field, in the greenhouse and in post-harvest situations," said Mengiste, an assistant professor in the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology.
		Botrytis causes severe disease in a wide range of plant species, both in the field and in post harvest situations, resulting in significant economic losses.
		Botrytis infection induces the expression of the BOS1 gene.
	news.uns.purdue.edu /html4ever/031023.Mengiste.graymold.html (1098 words)

	Dolce: Liquid Gold From Napa Valley
		Botrytis is the key to the magic of Dolce.
		Formally known as botrytis cinerea, or noble rot, it is a parasitic fungus or mold that affects grapes.
		A clean botrytis infection demands a period of high humidity in which to grow and spread, followed by drying conditions to concentrate sugars and flavors.
	www.dolcewine.com /botrytis.html (297 words)

	Botrytis (Gray Mold): A Disease for Many Plants
		Botrytis may attack greenhouse crops where humidity is kept on the high side and then condensation forms at night as temperatures cool off.
		Botrytis produces conidia for adverse conditions such as low moisture and a resting body for the winter.
		Botrytis does not need to attack living plant material since it can live on dead plant material very well as a saprophytic fungus.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /hortihints/0012c.html (400 words)

	Evaluation of Fungicides to Control Botrytis Fruit Rot of Strawberry
		Bare root plants from Canada were transplanted into plastic-mulched raised beds on 4 ft centers (28 in wide and 7 in high at the center and 6 in high at the edge), in methyl bromide: chloropicrin (98:2) fumigated soil on 9 Oct, 2000.
		Botrytis divided by the total number of marketable and unmarketable fruit harvested), and total marketable yield (mean pounds per plot) are reported.
		Botrytis incidence data were transformed (arcsine square root) before statistical analysis.
	strawberry.ifas.ufl.edu /publications/F%26N2001bot.htm (638 words)

	Yigal Elad
		Kapat, A., Zimand, Y. and Elad, Y. (1998) Biosynthesis of pathogenicity hydrolytic enzymes by Botrytis cinerea during infection of bean leaves and In vitro.
		Shtienberg, D. Elad, Y., Niv, A., Nitzani, Y. and Kirshner, B. (1998) Significance of leaf infection by Botrytis cinerea in stem rotting of tomatoes grown in non-heated greenhouses.
		Elad, Y. and Kapat, A. (1999) Role of Trichoderma harzianum protease in the biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea.
	www.agri.gov.il /People/YigalElad.html (2172 words)

	Botrytis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Botrytis cinerea is a fungus important in wine making.
		botrytis (Brassica) is a subspecies of the Cauliflower/Broccoli subset of the genus Brassica
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Botrytis (100 words)

	Botrytis Blight of Lowbush Blueberry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Botrytis blight may be a serious problem in blueberry fields, particularly along coastal areas of the Province or during the bloom period if there are periods of persistent wet weather.
		The infection cycle of Botrytis on lowbush blueberry is not well understood.
		Frost and herbicide damage appears to increase the susceptibility of weeds and blueberry to Botrytis infection.
	www.nsac.ns.ca /wildblue/facts/disease/botrybli.htm (548 words)

	Floriculture: Fact Sheets: Pest Management: Botrytis Blight of Greenhouse Crops
		Botrytis blight is one of the most common fungus diseases of greenhouse crops.
		The disease is often referred to as gray-mold because it produces a crop of gray fuzzy-appearing spores on the surface of infected tissues.
		In general terms, germination of spores and infection of the host is dependant on a film of moisture for 8 to 12 hours, relative humidity 93% or greater, and temperatures between 55 - 75 F. Botrytis blight is more prevalent in the spring and fall months.
	www.umass.edu /umext/floriculture/fact_sheets/pest_management/botrytis.html (792 words)

	Surfactants Can Prevent Botrytis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A 95% reduction in Botrytis was observed on
		Botrytis on Triton X-100 treated Douglas fir was 72% reduced as compared to trees treated with water alone, and 53% reduced as compared to those treated with the commercial control.
		While none of the infections observed were pronounced at the time of assay, after only three weeks of thawing, the infections on those Triton X-100-treated western hemlock, Douglas fir, and white spruce that were infected were still 64%, 90%, and 80% less severe, respectively, than those observed on the commercial control-treated infected trees.
	www.for.gov.bc.ca /nursery/extensn/newssu96/surfact.htm (631 words)

	Doctor Optimara: Botrytis
		The most obvious symptom of Botrytis is the fuzzy gray or brown growth that covers the leaves and stems of African Violets.
		Botrytis thrives in conditions of high humidity and poor air circulation.
		If Botrytis is a recurring problem, you may want to try placing small containers of sulfur among your plants.
	www.optimara.com /doctoroptimara/diagnosis/botrytis.html (426 words)

	Floriculture: Fact Sheets: Pest Management: Botrytis Blight of Greenhouse Crops
		Given the common occurrence of Botrytis in greenhouses and the relative ease in which it can propagate itself, greenhouse managers must avoid conditions that are conducive to disease development.
		Like other fungi, Botrytis has a specific range of temperature and relative humidity that is necessary for spore germination, infection and disease development.
		This film of moisture is essential for Botrytis (and other fungal pathogens) to germinate and cause infection.
	umass.edu /umext/floriculture/fact_sheets/pest_management/botrytis.html (792 words)

	Botrytis Bunch Rot or Gray Mold of Grape, HYG-3025-95 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Botrytis Bunch Rot or Gray Mold of Grape
		Botrytis bunch rot is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea.
		Removal of leaves around clusters on mid- or low-wire cordon-trained vines before bunch closing has been shown to reduce losses caused by Botrytis in New York and California vineyards, due to improved air circulation and improved spray penetration and coverage.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/3000/3025.html (771 words)

	Evaluation of Calcium Chloride for Control of Botrytis Fruit Rot on Strawberry. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Botrytis fruit rot (gray mold) is the most economically important disease of strawberry in Ohio and the world wide.
		Although our results indicate that the use of calcium chloride does not control Botrytis fruit rot, it is important to confirm these results so that growers are aware of the efficacy of this treatment.
		Ronilan (a standard fungicide for Botrytis control) was applied according to current recommendations for comparison and one treatment was left untreated to serve as the control.
	ipm.osu.edu /mini/96m-5.htm (696 words)

	Botrytis Blight of Peony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Botrytis blight is a common fungal disease that confronts the peony grower each spring.
		It is sometimes referred to as "gray mold" because of the conspicuous, fluffy, gray fungal growth that forms on infected plant parts.
		The presence of tiny, orange, scurrying insects barely visible to the naked eye is evidence of thrips injury.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/plantdiseasefs/450-602/450-602.html (505 words)

	Botrytis blight factsheet
		Some species of Botrytis form tiny fl resting stuctures called sclerotia that may be evident on dead plant tissue in late summer.
		Botrytis blight can affect leaves, stems, crowns, flowers, flower buds, seeds, seedlings, bulbs, and just about any other part of a plant with the exception of the roots.
		For some Botrytis spp., sclerotia develop in dead plant tissue and form the overwintering stage of the fungus.
	plantclinic.cornell.edu /FactSheets/botrytis/botrytis_blight.htm (904 words)

	Botrytis on Tomato Factsheet
		Gray mold is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea.
		One-celled spores are borne on branched conidiophores, and the arrangement of the spores gives the fungus its name, from the Greek botrys, meaning a bunch of grapes.
		Penetration of the mycelium of Botrytis into the fruit produces a host reaction preventing any further mycelial growth and results in localization of the pathogen.
	vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu /factsheets/Tomato_Botrytis.htm (1319 words)

	Fire or Botrytis Blight of Tulip
		Fire, or Botrytis blight, is by far the most common and destructive disease of tulips, especially in areas where tulips are grown in the same soil year after year.
		The disease is caused by the fungus Botrytis tulipae.
		Small fl structures the size of a pinhead often are found on the outer bulb scales of tulips with Botrytis blight.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/plantdiseasefs/450-607/450-607.html (669 words)

	IPM : Reports on Plant Diseases : Tulip Fire or Botrytis Blight
		Tulip fire or Botrytis blight is caused by the fungus Botrytis tulipae.
		The Botrytis fungus can survive in lesions on the outermost white bulb scale and can resume growth when the bulb is planted.
		How far the conidia of Botrytis tulipae can be carried by the wind and still remain capable of causing infection is not known.
	www.ipm.uiuc.edu /diseases/series600/rpd609 (1503 words)

	HortFACT - Botrytis (Botrytis cinerea) on kiwifruit
		Botrytis is a fungus which can attack a wide range of fruit and vegetables.
		Botrytis of kiwifruit is found in all the growing regions around New Zealand but the incidence varies from orchard to orchard, from region to region, and from year to year.
		Epidemiology of Botrytis cinerea in Motueka kiwifruit orchards.
	www.hortnet.co.nz /publications/hortfacts/hf205019.htm (1264 words)

	Botrytis Blight of Geranium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Botrytis blight or “gray mold,” caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, is ubiquitous in greenhouses.
		Spores of Botrytis are easily dispersed from diseased or old plant debris to healthy tissues by air movements and splashing water.
		The Botrytis fungus survives in the greenhouse on uncleaned benches and trash cans and on plant debris that may have fallen on the floor.
	www.plant.uga.edu /Extension/news/OrnTree/GerBotBt.html (568 words)

	Onion-Botrytis Leaf Blight fact sheet
		Botrytis leaf blight (BLB) is a fungal disease that occurs in many of the onion growing areas of the world.
		The causal organism, Botrytis squamosa, causes leaf spots (lesions) and maceration of leaf tissue resulting in leaf dieback and blighting.
		Figure 5 shows the contrast between a heavily infected field on the left and a field with a low level of BLB on the right.
	vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu /factsheets/Onion_Botrytis.htm (984 words)

	HortFACT - Grapevine Diseases in New Zealand
		Shoots: Under favourable conditions Botrytis infects young succulent shoot growth early in the season causing patches of soft brown rot, which often break at the nodes revealing a brown discolouration of internal tissues.
		Sources of Botrytis within vines can be reduced by removing dead canes and grape ‘mummies’ from the vines at pruning and burying them.
		As moisture and temperature on the surface of flowers and berries influence Botrytis infection and development, vineyard management practices that ensure that vine canopies and bunches are well aerated also contribute to disease control.
	www.hortnet.co.nz /publications/hortfacts/hf905020.htm (4989 words)

	NO118 - BOTRYTIS BLIGHT IN VEGETABLE GREENHOUSE AND PLANT BEDS
		Botrytis blight is caused by a fungus (Botrytis cinerea) that attacks many succulent plants.
		Botrytis blight is associated with excessive moisture and high humidity as a result of poor ventilation in covered plant beds and greenhouses.
		Most growers are able to avoid serious Botrytis blight problems without the use of fungicides by keeping humidity low in the structure.
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /depts/pp/notes/oldnotes/no118.htm (503 words)

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