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	Jacques Boucher De Crevecour De Perthes - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Jacques Boucher De Crevecour De Perthes - LoveToKnow 1911
		JACQUES BOUCHER DE CREVECOUR DE PERTHES (1788-1868), French geologist and antiquary, was born on the 10th of September 1788 at Rethel, Ardennes, France.
		He was the eldest son of Jules Armand Guillaume Boucher de Creveceeur, botanist and customs officer, and of Etienne-Jeanne-Marie de Perthes (whose surname he was authorized by royal decree in 1818 to assume in addition to his father's).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Jacques_Boucher_De_Crevecour_De_Perthes (458 words)

	quignon
		Boucher des Perthes, however, entertained no doubts as to the authenticity of the jaw, which he had seen in place in the fl layer toward the bottom of the Moulin Quignon pit.
		Boucher de Perthes (1864b), stung by the accusations he had been deceived, carried out his new investigations so as to effectively rule out the possibility of deception by workmen.
		On May 15, Boucher de Perthes extracted from one of the seams of grey sand in the yellow-brown bed, at a depth of 3.2 meters, a human tooth firmly embedded in a chunk of sand and flint.
	www.mcremo.com /quignon.html (7088 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Boucher, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Boucher's art embodied the spirit of his time; it was elegant, frivolous, and artificial.
		Boucher de CrèvecÅ“ur de Perthes, Jacques, 1788-1868, French writer and archaeologist.
		He won the Prix de Rome and studied in Italy from 1756 to 1761; there he was particularly attentive to the works of Tiepolo.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Boucher, (638 words)

	[No title]
		Boucher de Perthes a trouvé ces silex taillés en compagnie d'ossements d'animaux disparus (éléphants, rhinocéros,...) dans d'énormes dépôts de limons provenant selon lui de "déluges" qui auraient noyé hommes et bêtes.
		Boucher de Perthes propose à ses collègues de la Société d'Emulation de le suivre.
		Boucher de Perthes entre en possession de son premier biface paléolithique à Menchecourt.
	www.chez.com /archeo/jboucher/decouver/decouver.htm (981 words)

	Chapter VII -The Antiquity of Man And Prehistoric Archaeology
		The two colleagues found in the stony deposits made by the water dropping from the roof of the cave at Eyzies the bones of numerous animals extinct or departed to arctic regions—one of these a vertebra of a reindeer with a flint lance-head still fast in it, and with these were found evidences of fire.
		The question of the origin of man at a period vastly earlier than the sacred chronologists permitted was thus absolutely settled, but among the questions regarding the existence of man at a period yet more remote, the Drift period, there was one which for a time seemed to give the champions of science some difficulty.
		The orthodox leaders in the time of Boucher de Perthes, and for a considerable time afterward, had a weapon of which they made vigorous use: the statement that no human bones had yet been discovered in the drift.
	www.infidels.org /library/historical/andrew_white/Chapter7.html (2918 words)

	Jacques Boucher de Perthes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It wasn’t the intention of Jacques Boucher de Perthes to disprove the widely acknowledged idea of 4004 BCE being the year of the creation of man. What he discovered in the high banks of the Somme River, though, showed nothing but the proof of man’s existence before the previously claimed date.
		Support for Boucher de Perthes was growing, but he and the few French scientists found themselves up against a formidable foe.
		Their opinions and views were concurrent with those of Boucher de Perthes and they hurriedly returned to Britain to seek aid.
	mnsu.edu /emuseum/information/biography/abcde/deperthes_jacques.html (382 words)

	pleistocene
		Boucher de Perthes (1864a: 197, 204) observed that Keeping was daily choosing his own spots to work and that it would have been quite difficult for the workers, if they were indeed planting flint implements, to anticipate where he would dig.
		I tend to agree with Boucher de Perthes (1864a: 194-195) that Keeping, loyal to his patron Evans, was well aware that he had been sent to France to find evidence of fraud and that he dared not return to England without it.
		Boucher de Perthes (1864b) carried out his new investigations so as to effectively rule out the possibility of deception by workmen.
	www.mcremo.com /pleistocene.html (4943 words)

	Moulin Quignon - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		MOULIN QUIGNON, a quarry near Abbeville, France, celebrated for the discovery in 1863 by Boucher de Perthes of a human jaw-bone believed to be referable to the Quaternary period.
		By his collection of flints Boucher de Perthes had been the first to attempt to establish the existence of man in remote ages; but it had been objected that if the flints were indeed the work of man, human remains would have been found in association with them.
		Considerable excitement therefore was created both in England and France by the "find" of bones at Moulin Quignon, and a commission of inquiry was appointed.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Moulin_Quignon (165 words)

	CHAPTER 7: THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN AND PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY
		Cuvier evidently thought, as Voltaire had felt under similar circumstances, that "among wolves one must howl a little"; and his leading disciple, Elie de Beaumont, who succeeded, him in the sway over geological science in France, was even more opposed to the new view than his great master had been.
		Boucher had published in 1838 a work entitled De la Creation, but it seems to have dropped dead from the press.
		For Boucher de Perthes’s account of his discovery of the human jaw at Moulin Quignon, see his Antiquites Celtiques et Antediluviennes, vol.
	www.human-nature.com /reason/white/chap7.html (3956 words)

	II. THE FLINT WEAPONS AND IMPLEMENTS.
		The significance of this discovery was great indeed--far greater than Boucher himself at first supposed.
		The two colleagues found in the stony deposits made by the water dropping from the roof of the cave at Eyzies the bones of numerous animals extinct or departed to arctic regions--one of these a vertebra of a reindeer with a flint lance-head still fast in it, and with these were found evidences of fire.
		The results arrived at by Boucher de Perthes were amply confirmed in England.
	abob.libs.uga.edu /bobk/whiteg02.html (2083 words)

	The Missing Link:
		In March 1863 a workman gave Boucher de Perthes a human tooth and the relevant authenticating assortment of flints and fossils.
		He stresses this idea is not new, and ironically cites Boucher de Perthes as one of those who had consolidated the 'high antiquity of man' (p.
		Like Boucher de Perthes he was extraordinarily lucky, and was soon presented with the partial brain-case of a human skull.
	www.clarku.edu /~piltdown/map_expose/the_missing_link.html (4493 words)

	Abbeville Eurapart Travel Guide
		Abbeville was one of the most beautiful towns in France until May 1940 then German air raid destroyed the wooden framed buildings that made up the town.
		Boucher de Perthes was an author with a passion for prehistory.
		The second floor of the Museum houses Boucher de Perthes' prehistoric collection from the Somme Valley.
	www.eurapart.com /abbvlle.html (386 words)

	Abbeville
		Boucher de Perthes looked her over, his shrewd eyes assessing what he saw.
		Boucher de Perthes was happily displaying his discoveries to both his colleagues and his visitors.
		Boucher de Perthes was openly grinning by now and Rebecca decided to sit back and enjoy the show.
	lonestar.texas.net /~lochness/Aurora/stories/abbeville.html (4126 words)

	Boucher de Perthes
		Boucher de Perthes, Jacques (1788-1868), préhistorien français, qui fut l'un des fondateurs de sa discipline.
		Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes est né à Rethel (Ardennes), il devint douanier et fut nommé en 1825 à la tête du bureau des douanes d'Abbeville (Somme).
		J.-C. Avec sa démonstration de l'existence d'un homme antédiluvien, Boucher de Perthes s'attira les foudres de la communauté scientifique, notamment du géologue Léonce Élie de Beaumont!
	prehisto.ifrance.com /boucher_de_perthes.htm (185 words)

	Faked Fossils Of Primitive Man
		The elderly Boucher de Perthes defended his "lower jaw" with as much obstinacy as subjectivity against the English and closed his dissertation with these words: "Gentlemen, man's intellect can lead him far astray.
		The news of Boucher de Perthes's discoveries had scarcely reached the States when, in 1838, an American called Koch found in Missouri obsidian arrow-heads lying with the bones of a mastodon, but these were proved to be modern and had clearly been added later by Mr Koch.
		During the summer of 1913 that followed this session, the young Teilhard de Chardin, a Jesuit, found the human canine, once again in a fall of gravel in the Piltdown quarry.
	www.clarku.edu /~piltdown/map_intro/faked_foss_prim.html (3435 words)

	Cultural Biases in Fossil Record
		Also during this time, early 1800s, the scientific community at large was dealing with the notion of man’s place in the natural world.
		Chevalier de Larmarck, 1744-1829, first presented the notion of evolution as an explanation for the diversity but yet unity of all life on earth.
		Boucher de Perthes published his study of hominid fossils associated with Paleolithic artifacts in 1836.
	www.archaeologyinfo.com /perspectives003.htm (2532 words)

	Address of the President of the Geological Society 1869
		M. Jacques Boucher de Crévecœur de Perthes, who died in August last, was born in the year 1789, at the commencement of that great era of change which divides modern France from old France.
		Eminently generous, truthful, hearty, and enthusiastic, Boucher de Perthes paid for these virtues by a certain facility of belief, which is as terrible a drawback to scientific weight as it is advantageous in the struggle against neglect and adverse criticism when a man happens to have laid hold of a truth.
		Although a Professor of Geology in Lausanne, he devoted himself to prehistoric studies, and greatly contributed to their progress by his investigations, his writings, and the public lectures which he was continually giving in one place or another.
	aleph0.clarku.edu /huxley/SM3/GeoAd69.html (9645 words)

	AllRefer.com - Jacques Boucher de CrEvecœur de Perthes (Archaeology, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Jacques Boucher de CrEvecœur de Perthes (Archaeology, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Jacques Boucher de CrEvecœur de Perthes, Archaeology, Biographies
		Jacques Boucher de CrEvecœur de Perthes[zhAk bOOshA´ du krevkOr´ du pert] Pronunciation Key, 1788–1868, French writer and archaeologist.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Boucherd.html (218 words)

	Athena Review, 4,1: Saint Acheul, France: handaxes and the beginnings of paleolithic archaeology
		While St. Acheul’s occupations of 450,000 BP and after are relatively late in this sequence, as the type site of the Acheulean handaxe (the key diagnostic element of Mode 2 lithic tools) it represents a focal point of the first stages of archaeology in Europe.
		Boucher de Perthes began publishing and exhibiting these stone tools in Paris in 1838.
		But two geologists, Rigollot and Gaudry, who successively dug at Saint-Acheul in order to disprove Boucher de Perthes’ theories, ended up themselves finding flint tools associated with extinct animal bones, and were converted to his views.
	www.athenapub.com /13acheulbox3.htm (507 words)

	First For France - Abbeville Guide
		After years of strife the town enjoyed a long period of peace during the 17th, 18th, and the 19th centuries and became noted as a centre of art and tapestry.
		Here, Boucher de Perthes laid down the foundations for the study of prehistory.
		Also of interest is the Boucher de Perthes museum.
	www.firstforfrance.com /L4_Town.asp?t=170 (429 words)

	Acheulean Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		century) and Bouches De Perthes suggested them to be stone tools, handaxes were regarded as either unusual stones, or "thunderstones" (and as such have been venerated during late prehistoric and early historic times).
		Small handaxes belonging to the Mousterien de Tradition Acheuléene (MTA), made by Neandertals are not regarded as belonging to the Acheulean.
		While amusing, and while the idea of stone tools having something to do with sexual selection (although difficult to test) should be entertained, this hypothesis for handaxes in my view is contradicted by several of the empirical elements concerning the Acheulean of both Early Pleistocene Africa and Middle Pleistocene Europe.
	home.wanadoo.nl /marco.langbroek/acheul.html (2020 words)

	Biblical Archeology, Bible And Archeology
		However, since this science was still in infancy, many notable individuals kept working independently, coming up uneven result, some even leading to disaster as far as archeology is concerned.
		Jacques Boucher de Perthes: Many began investigating archeological objects post-enlightenment, and one of them was Jacques Boucher de Perthes.
		There they found elephant bones and stone axes situated in the site, and the published a write-up supporting de Perthes' claims.
	www.biblicalarcheology.net /BirthArcheol/DevelOfArcheology.htm (2128 words)

	Darwin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Much of this evidence had been collected by Jacques Boucher Crèvecoeur de Perthes, a customs officer in northern France in the early 1800's.
		Since he found these artifacts in association with the bones of extinct animals, he concluded that they must have been made at the time that those animals lived.
		arwin's popularizing the idea of evolution also made it possible for scientists to begin to accept that some of the makers of Boucher de Perthes' prehistoric tools had already been discovered and that their bones were in museums.
	evolution.massey.ac.nz /assign2/LB/Darwin.html (1846 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.02.18
		For instance, Boucher de Perthes was not "a man of means," but an impoverished nobleman who was forced to earn a living as a tax collector.
		More important is M.'s claim that "curiously, Boucher de Perthes still saw the need for 'the finger of God' to explain the 'convulsions of nature' delineated in the superimposed strata".
		This seems to be at variance with what Boucher de Perthes wrote in his De l'homme antédiluvien et ses oeuvres (p.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-02-18.html (4174 words)

	Abbeville Things to Do Tips by wandeljp - VirtualTourist.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Jacques Boucher of Crèvecoeur de Perthes was born in Rethel in 1788 and died in Abbeville in 1868.
		The tower of the belfry close to the enclosure of the city was used as turn of guet until construction of the towers of Collègiale Saint-Vulfran.
		It is capped with a surmounted high-bell-tower of frame of a wind vane representing the Count de Ponthieu with horse.
	members.virtualtourist.com /m/a17e6/22197/4/?o=2 (817 words)

	Early Awareness of Extinction
		Lyell rejected human causation because he believed the extinctions occurred before humans were present.
		However, by the 1860s, the great French bone digger Jacques Boucher de Perthes changed the minds of Lyell and others.
		Boucher de Perthes’s careful, stratigraphic excavations in the Somme River valley proved that early man and the extinct great beasts were contemporaries.
	www.well.com /user/davidu/earlyawareness.html (1424 words)

	UFO AREA - Man Before Adam In Britain by Ellen Lloyd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In France, Boucher de Perthes discovered in 1832, in the area of Abbeville a number of stone axes, similar to those found by John Frere in Suffolk, England.
		Beside the stones, Boucher de Perthes came across the bones of mammoths, rhinoceroses, bison, cave lions, and other extinct animals, which dated back to time before the Deluge.
		In Belgium, a doctor named Schmerling unearthed seven human skulls, a number of flint tools, and the bones of extinct creatures like the woolly mammoth and the European rhinoceros in caves.
	www.ufoarea.com /lloyd_britain.html (1320 words)

	ISS: Are the Phenomena of Spiritualism in Harmony with Science? Alfred Russel Wallace
		Awarded honorary doctorates from the University of Dublin in 1882 and Oxford University in 1889, and important medals from the Royal Society in 1868, 1890 and 1908, the Société de Geographie in 1870, and the Linnean Society in 1892 and 1908.
		Every discoverer who has promulgated new and startling truths, even in the domain of physics, has been denounced or ignored by those who represented the science of the day, as witness the long line of great teachers from Galileo in the dark ages to Boucher de Perthes in our own times.
		But the opponents of Spiritualism have the additional advantage of being able to brand the new belief as a degrading superstition, and to accuse those who accept its facts and its teachings of being the victims of delusion or imposture - of being, in fact, either half-insane enthusiasts or credulous fools.
	www.survivalafterdeath.org /articles/wallace/harmony.htm (1038 words)

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