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	Bougainville - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bougainville is the largest of the Solomon Islands and a province of Papua New Guinea.
		Bougainville and the adjacent island of Buka are sometimes called the North Solomons, and are ecologically and geographically, although not politically, considered part of the Solomon Islands.
		The Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) ostensibly reclaimed the country from corporate mining interests in the 1980s, in the form of Bougainville Copper Limited, (BCL) an Australian controlled company.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bougainville (470 words)

	Bougainville - Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA)
		The BRA are part of the peace talks and are credited with giving DP a tense and less than peaceful send-off in Arawa.
		The island of Bukato is under government control as are many areas of the island of Bougainville, but the BRA still controls areas in the south and center of the island.
		The BRA have taken hostages (usually government defense soldiers) and have been accused of executions.
	www.comebackalive.com /df/dplaces/bougainv/player1.htm (314 words)

	Bougainville - The long struggle for freedom
		It is the biggest island lying in the north of the Solomons chain and is a mere eight kilometres from the arbitrary sea border of the independent state of the Solomon Islands.
		The people of Bougainville were never asked by the Australian colonial administration whether they wanted to continue with a "political marriage" to a people and a place they were not related to.
		The mountainous region of Bougainville was buzzing with activity which compounded the anxiety of the landowners as to what was happening to the, once upon a time, serene and undisturbed environment.
	www.eco-action.org /dt/bvstory.html (3802 words)

	Dave Kopel, Paul Gallant & Joanne Eisen on Bougainville on National Review Online
		Initially, the Bougainville Revolutionary Army (many of whom were skilled tradesmen) manufactured crude single-shot firearms, but they soon learned to build more sophisticated guns.
		Against the wishes of its people, Bougainville found itself ruled by Papua New Guinea when PNG gained independence from Australia in 1975, despite the fact that the Bougainvilleans are more closely related to the Solomon Islanders culturally, ethnically, and geographically; PNG lies more than 900 kilometers away.
		One of the witnesses to the signing of the Bougainville Peace Agreement was New Zealand Foreign Minister Phil Goff, whose country agreed to provide 200 containers (basically, large trunks) for the storage of weapons to be handed in by Bougainvillean ex-combatants.
	www.nationalreview.com /kopel/kopel020602.shtml (2391 words)

	Bougainville
		Bougainville is the largest of the Solomon Islands in the southwestern Pacific.
		Although Bougainville belongs to the Solomon islands group, it was politically divided from the southern islands by a British, German and United States trade-off known as the Anglo-German treaty on Samoa in 1898, in which Germany kept administration of Bougainville and the north east quarter of New Guinea.
		Bougainville was without an effective fighting force and both the PNG and Australian governments assumed that the trouble could be resolved relatively quickly.
	ecosonics.homestead.com /Bougainville.html (2713 words)

	For the Nations - Bougainville (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One of the chief reasons for the uprising in Bougainville and the subsequent war was a revolt against the destruction of the lush, forest habitat by an international mining concern.
		Bougainville Copper, a company associated with Rio Tinto Zinc, tore a gash 6km by 4km by half km into the precious forest in order to mine copper.
		This act led to the formation of the Bougainville Revolutionary Army and the war of independence against the PNG (Papua New Guinea) government.
	www.geocities.com /paths_of_wisdom/articles0101/bougainville.html (400 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Bouganvilleans in Papua New Guinea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		BRA leaders have pulled out of the peace conference held at Arawa on the island's east coast, fearing they will be arrested, according to the group's leader Sam Kaouna.
		One soldier and two BRA rebels were killed during a reported BRA ambush of a truckload of soldiers enroute to Buin in the island's south.
		Bougainville Copper Ltd. Said it was not counting on an early reopening of the Panguna copper mine.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=91001 (4414 words)

	The Militant - 8/19/96 -- Bougainville Rebels Continue Independence Fight
		In the largest build-up of the seven-year war some 1,800 PNG troops, police, and support staff are now on Bougainville attempting a pincer movement against BRA-held territory in the center of the southern part of the island.
		For instance, representatives of BRA and the pro- independence Bougainville Interim Government met with representatives of the Port Moresby-appointed Bougainville Transitional Government (BTG) for talks in Cairns, Australia, last December.
		BRA claims that it has held it own in heavy fighting during the offensive.
	www.themilitant.com /1996/6029/6029_33.html (735 words)

	[No title]
		Inside them, Bougainville women and children are to be kept away from their menfolk, fighting for their country; outside they are legitimate targets in a country wide free fire zone.
		One particular aspect of Australia's war against Bougainville which the mainstream media ignore is the growing resistance to the war internationally and internally.
		The Bougainville Freedom Movement, apart from organising medical shipments tries to redress the balance, 'carrying a glass of clean water up-hill against a torrent of shit coming down' Some efforts have been successful but much remains unknown to the broad public.
	www.spunk.org /library/pubs/freedom/focus/sp000668.txt (1214 words)

	ICL - Papua New Guinea Index
		In the South of Bougainville island, the separatist Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) are fighting the government since 1988.
		Bougainville wants to become separate or associate with the Solomon Islands, their closer neighbors.
		The Bougainville Transitional Government (BTG), nominated by Chan (PNG) and located in Buka, a small separate island to the north of the main island of Bougainville, has never gained effective control.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/pp__indx.html (295 words)

	* NZine * Conflict in Bougainville - Part 3 - Successes of the Bougainville Revolutionary Army - An Interview With Sam ...
		The war was fought with increasing success by the BRA until March 1990 when the first cease-fire was signed by Sam Kauona on behalf of the BRA and the commander of the PNG forces in Bougainville, Colonel Leo Nuia, representing the PNG Defence Force.
		It was agreed in the terms of the cease-fire that the PNG security force was to withdraw completely from Bougainville and the forces of the BRA were to lay down and hand in their arms to the BRA headquarters.
		Central Bougainville remained intact in opposition to PNG despite the fact that the PNG Defence Force returned and made their main base camp right in the heart of central Bougainville.
	www.nzine.co.nz /features/bville3.html (2233 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| Q&A: Bougainville election
		Bougainville is the largest of the Solomon Islands and a province of Papua New Guinea (PNG).
		The Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) fought against PNG forces and pro-government militias until the Bougainville Peace Agreement was signed in August 2001.
		Ona is the leader of the Me'ekamui Movement, a breakaway faction of the Bougainville Revolutionary Army.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4560265.stm (562 words)

	Afghanistan Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		October: One soldier and two BRA rebels were killed during a reported BRA ambush of a truckload of soldiers enroute to Buin in the island's south.
		October 27: The leader of the Bougainville Revolutionary Army, Francis Ona, has accused the PNG government of aborting meetings between a UN human rights investigation team and civilians and rebels on the island.
		December: The National newspaper in Port Moresby reports that eight BRA members were reportedly killed in a gunbattle with security forces while four government troops died in a grenade attack in the southwest Siwai area of Bougainville.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/pngbougchro.htm (4600 words)

	[No title]
		Geographically, Bougainville is part of an archipelago, the northernmost island in the Solomons chain.
		Profit First; mining giant CRA Bougainville regretted their compliance as Somare showed himself to be on the side of multi-national capital, the mining company CRA, and the Australian government.
		The BRA are the military wing of the Panguan people, small farmers who are fighting against the loss or damage of their land by CRA.
	www.spunk.org /texts/colon/sp001403.txt (1066 words)

	Bougainville Updates - Sept 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Bougainville - The long struggle for freedom tells the whole story of the colonialisation, successful revolution and continuing war being waged against the life of Bougainville by western governments on behalf of corporations.
		The general public in Bougainville, particularly the BRA are said to be not very happy at all about the manner in which Australia has gone about organising the trans-shipment of suspected cargo to Loloho through Honiara, especially using a privately owned chartered vessel without any proper consultation and prior notice to the authorities in Bougainville.
		The BRA network understands that there is also deep suspicion and great disappointment from the general public in Solomon Islands as well, that their country was used to trans-ship the suspected cargo.
	www.eco-action.org /Bougainville/oldarchive/2000-09.html (10231 words)

	Bougainville autonomy deal remains fragile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Between 1988 and 1997, Bougainville island—1,200 km east of the PNG capital Port Moresby—was ravaged by bitter fighting as the PNG army and the BRF, armed and supplied by Australia, attempted to crush the secessionist BRA.
		BRA leaders have declared that they want a referendum on independence within three to five years, rather than 10 to 15 years.
		BRA defence chief Ishmael Toroama signed the document in Arawa, but maintained that the BRA had not agreed to the longer period.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2001/sep2001/png-s18_prn.shtml (869 words)

	* NZine * Conflict in Bougainville - Part 2 - Interview With Sam Kauona Sirivi - Bougainville, Sam Kauona Sirivi, ...
		The people of Bougainville by now supported the land owners association and complained to the company of damage to the environment and demanded compensation for their land being destroyed.
		It was during this meeting that the name Bougainville Revolutionary Army was adopted by the revolutionary council.
		Thus the Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) was born in July 1989.
	www.nzine.co.nz /features/bville2.html (1340 words)

	Bougainville- Media Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Commander of the BRA General Ishmael Toroama has claimed that BRA is not very happy with the way the Bougainville peace process is currently being manipulated by certain leaders in Bougainville and Papua New Guinea to address the fundamental issue of referendum for the people of Bougainville on independence.
		Commander Toroama has strongly warned that BRA is not prepared to see the history of 1975 repeated again this time by these same leaders who misjudged and mishandled the situation against the popular wishes of the people on the issue of referendum.
		General Toroama said that the BRA soldiers are feeling very uneasy and boiling with deep anger which could explode at any moment to release their tension and frustrations, and this might prove to be very costly to the whole peace process.
	www.zmag.org /Bulletins/pbourel.htm (331 words)

	The Papua New Guinea – Bougainville peace process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Record of the talks between officials of the national government of Papua New Guinea and the Bougainville Revolutionary Army and the organisation known as the Bougainville Interim Government, 26-27 August 1994, Tambea, Solomon Islands.
		The BRA and the organisation known as the Bougainville Interim Government representatives also assured the meeting that they had the full mandate and were firmly committed to restoring peace on Bougainville.
		The written statements made by the BRA and the organisation known as the Bougainville Interim Government are appended as Attachments III and IV respectively.
	www.c-r.org /accord/boug/accord12/keytexts7.shtml (2440 words)

	Owning the process - Public participation in peacemaking
		The army continued to suffer a series of humiliating defeats and the insurgents recognised that they could negotiate from a position of military advantage.
		The opposition was furious at the perceived capitulation of the army and the rumour that the concept of 'autonomy' had been agreed.
		Many in the army believed that the government had capitulated to the demands of the northern insurgency - forced in part because the army had been denied the necessary weapons to defeat the movements on the battlefield.
	www.c-r.org /accord/peace/accord13/mapea.shtml (4229 words)

	Cafe Pacific: Asia-Pacific Network: Kabui
		Bougainville Interim Government Vice-President Joe Kabui has made an impassioned speech during the visit of New Zealand Foreign Minister Don McKinnon to the Bougainville Revolutionary Army-controlled Roreinang area of Central Bougainville.
		It is the wish of the people of Bougainville who must determine whether independence becomes a negotiable issue or whatever.
		Joseph Kabui is Vice-President of the Bougainville Interim Government and was Premier of the former Provincial Government of Bougainville until the nine-year civil war erupted.
	www.asiapac.org.fj /cafepacific/resources/aspac/kabui.html (926 words)

	[No title]
		According to Rev Zale, there is a strong understanding now for leaders from both factions after nine years of fighting to settle down and try to rebuild the province in terms of infrastructure (roads, bridges and social services) which had been destroyed and rehabilitation of Bougainvilleans before the idea to pursue independence is sought.
		The idea of BRA leader Francis Ona is to get independence immediately but he said most of the leaders think that although they independence should be pursued _ it would not be good if the PNG Government leaders hand over Bouganville's freedom in the current state.
		The special meeting, attended by Opposition Leader Bernard Narokobi, Bougainville Regional MP John Momis, Police Commissioner Peter Aigilo and Defence Force Commander's representative Colonel Jack Tuat was part of an on-going initiative for ``peace and reconciliation visits to Laguai village in Buin''.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/97pac/_Bougainville_News_10-11-97 (1999 words)

	Asia Times: Bougainville rebels threaten to quit peace process
		PORT MORESBY - The Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA), which is seeking autonomy for the Papua New Guinea island, is threatening to pull out of the peace process, according to an unconfirmed statement by a senior BRA officer.
		According to the PNG government's special state negotiatoron Bougainville, Sir John Kaputin, the Understanding sets outa process for the discussion of the political future ofBougainville for the first time since the secessionist crisison the island began 10 years ago.
		Asitau said the BRA would not hand in its arms withoutthe withdrawal of PNG security forces from Bougainville soil.
	www.atimes.com /oceania/AE01Ah04.html (311 words)

	DFAT Media Release: BOUGAINVILLE: BOUGAINVILLE REVOLUTIONARY ARMY (BRA) ATTACK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		I deeply regret the loss of life from the recent attack by the Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) on a PNG Defence Force outpost at Kangu Beach in Southern Bougainville, and wish to extend the condolences of the Australian Government and of those of the Australian people to the families of those involved.
		There are conflicting reports about what may have occurred and the number of casualties, and I have asked Australian High Commission officials in Port Moresby to establish a more accurate picture through contact with the appropriate authorities.
		The BRA's refusal to turn away from violence has always been a major stumbling block to any chance if a peaceful settlement, and this latest attack has resulted in a further tragic waste of life.
	www.dfat.gov.au /media/releases/foreign/1996/fa93.html (245 words)

	[09 Apr 1996] HR/CN/730 : GOVERNMENT MINISTERS FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA, TOGO INFORM COMMISSION OF EFFORTS TO PROTECT AND ...
		Genia said a series of activities and programmes that were to have been undertaken by the Transitional Government in that province had been thwarted by attacks from Bougainville Revolutionary Army militants.
		Referring to alleged human rights violations in Bougainville, to be examined by the Commission later in its session, he said a series of activities and programmes that were to have been undertaken by the Transitional Government in the province had been thwarted by increased attacks by Bougainville Revolutionary Army militants.
		The Government had facilitated talks with Bougainville leaders under the auspices of the Australian Government, but the latest round of talks had not resolved anything substantive, except a pledge to continue the talks at the sub-leadership level prior to a major conference to be held in Bougainville some time this year.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/1996/19960409.hrcn730.html (3128 words)

	BOUGAINVILLE
		Peace talks aimed at ending Bougainville's war will go ahead in New Zealand this weekend despite a security flap over fears that Papua New Guinea sent a hit-squad to the Solomon Islands last month to assassinate leaders of the separatist Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA).
		A spokesman for Australia's Foreign Minister, Mr Downer, confirmed last night that the Solomon Islands raised concerns with Australia about the presence of PNG nationals who arrived unexpectedly in Honiara for "undisclosed purposes" while rebel leaders were staying at a rundown motel in the town.
		The meeting will bring together the PNG Government-backed Bougainville Transitional Government (BTG), the rebels' political arm the Bougainville Interim Government (BIG), and rebel military commanders.BIG vice-chairman Joseph Kabui said the talks were preliminary, but Mr Ona's absence did not mean he was opposed to them.
	canterbury.cyberplace.org.nz /peace/bougainville.html (964 words)

	SUMMARY STATEMENTS IN TODAY’S MEETING OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL ON BOUGAINVILLE
		Türk for the detailed information he had provided and said that his delegation was pleased that the political process was continuing to move ahead. He welcomed the commitment of the Government of Papua New Guinea and Bougainville communities to their agreements.
		With UNOMB’s inspiration and support, the implementation had been truly impressive, he said. By the last week of April, more than 80 per cent of the guns had been destroyed. Guns which had been removed from containers in 2002 continued to be recovered and destroyed.
		He said that, in completing the current stage of the peace process, one had to keep in mind that the conflict addressed had been one of considerable proportion, during which a reported 15,000 people had been killed. He had taken note of the fact that speakers had urged for long-term assistance.
	www.un.org /news/Press/docs/2004/sc8086.p2.doc.htm (3156 words)

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