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	Pierre Boulez -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pierre Boulez ((additional info and facts about IPA) IPA: /pjɛʁ.buˈlɛz/) (born March 26, 1925) is a (The person who leads a musical group) conductor and (Someone who composes music as a profession) composer of (Traditional genre of music conforming to an established form and appealing to critical interest and developed musical taste) classical music.
		Boulez often returns to works for revision: the last of his three piano sonatas, for instance, is an "open" work that has been in continuous revision since its premiere in 1957 (only two of its five movements have ever been published), and...explosante-fixe...
		From 1976-1995, Boulez held the Chair in "Invention, technique et langage en musique" at the prestigious (additional info and facts about Collège de France) Collège de France.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pi/pierre_boulez.htm (600 words)

	Pierre Boulez - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Boulez and his colleages always stressed what they saw as the necessity of this direction.
		One of the reasons that Boulez was seen as a spearhead for the post-WW II was the articulate, perceptive and sweeping way that he wrote about aesthetics.
		Boulez often returns to works for revision: the last of his three piano sonatas, for instance, is an "open" work that has been in continuous revision since its premiere in 1958 (only two of its five movements have ever been published), and...explosante-fixe...
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boulez (779 words)

	Greg Sandow -- Pierre Boulez
		Boulez, if we believed his reputation, would be distant, even icy; but by the end I was almost limp from awe, gratitude and sheer emotional exhaustion.
		Boulez is hardly unemotional; he just secludes his emotion deep inside his work, never using music, either his own or anybody else's, to flaunt his feelings.
		Boulez, the loftiest of high modernists, conducted these pieces (and in effect was their sponsor, since this was his series at Carnegie Hall), they all must qualify, ipso facto, as advanced contemporary music.
	www.gregsandow.com /boulez.htm (1299 words)

	MSN Encarta - Pierre Boulez
		Boulez, Pierre, born in 1925, French composer, conductor, and pianist, a profound influence on post-World War II avant-garde music.
		Boulez left the New York Philharmonic in 1977 to return to France where he directed the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique, the experimental music research center he had founded in 1974.
		Boulez's compositions include three piano sonatas, the orchestral work Pli selon pli, Portrait de Mallarmé (Fold on Fold, Portrait of Mallarmé, 1957-1962; see Mallarmé, Stéphane), and Domaines (1968), for solo clarinet and 21 instruments.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567857/Boulez_Pierre.html (470 words)

	AllRefer.com - Pierre Boulez (Music: History, Composers, And Performers, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Boulez was director of music for Jean-Louis Barrault's theater in Paris, and there he founded the Concerts Marigny and the Domaine Musical to present avant-garde works.
		That year Boulez was appointed composer in residence at the Salzburg Festival.
		Boulez has also been involved with the design of a new performance space and media center at the CitE de La Musique in Paris.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Boulez-P.html (436 words)

	Composer Boulez awarded Rosenberger Medal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Boulez first gained fame as a young composer in post-World War II Europe, where he was one of a select group of composers who maintained that nothing less than a complete revamping of past musical language was in order.
		Boulez is also highly regarded for his work as a conductor, and after teaching and conducting in Europe during his early years, he was appointed Principal Conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra in 1971.
		Boulez's catalogue of recorded orchestral and operatic masterpieces of the past 100 years is second to none and growing each year, she said, and its impact will become even more profound with the passage of time.
	chronicle.uchicago.edu /980430/boulez.shtml (403 words)

	Pierre Boulez
		Pierre Boulez (born March 26, 1925) is a conductor and composer of classical music.
		His music is often described as dryly academic, without emotional content, but Boulez argues that it only sounds unemotional to somebody who does not understand the musical language it is written in.
		Boulez is also a noted conductor, especially in ground breaking works from the first half of the 20th century, for example the works of Gustav Mahler, Bela Bartok, Anton Webern and Edgar Varese.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pi/Pierre_Boulez.html (240 words)

	Pierre Boulez - review
		Boulez the provacateur shocks the narrow tastes of the concert-going public: the premier of Le marteau sans maitre is a "magnificent scandal" (p.
		The catalogue of works reveals that the majority of Boulez's compositions are either withdrawn, unpublished, in the process of revision, or have been subjected to a series of revisions.
		Since Boulez's procedure is to work out exhaustively all of the possibilities of a construct, the resulting music is actually an extension of his constructs in time.
	home.earthlink.net /~minhnghia/boulez.html (1255 words)

	Pierre Boulez - CompositionToday.com
		Boulez, the figurehead of the hyper-modernist cause, continued to promulgate the doctrine loudly in his many writings and pronouncements.
		Overseen by Boulez, IRCAM was to provide a hi-tech venue in which leading composers and scientists would work together to investigate the possibilities of technology in music, educating musicians and public in a set-up complete with its own resident ensemble, the peerless Ensemble InterContemporain.
		Boulez’s response, Répons, premiered in 1981, rose magnificently to the challenge of producing a huge public statement using the latest computerized gadgetry and represented a high-water mark in his career as a composer.
	www.compositiontoday.com /articles/boulez.asp (640 words)

	French culture \| music \| boulez \| bio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Boulez quickly became the archetypal angry young man of the post-war European arts scene, advocating radical new means of producing and consuming culture.
		Boulez formulated his theories and opinions in a brilliant stream of polemical essays sizzling with Voltairian sarcasm and Nietzschean extremism.
		Boulez was president of the UNESCO music council and the first musician to be invited to lecture at the Collège de France.
	www.frenchculture.org /music/events/boulez (633 words)

	Paris New Music Review: Boulez Interview
		Boulez: That was a quote from Antonin Artaud, the writer, and I think that it is something that' s true.
		Boulez: I met Foucault very early, as a matter of fact, in 1951; but for a while I did not see him, because I was out of France.
		Boulez: Originally, I did Repons with the technology of the early eighties, and I abandoned the piece because I wanted a newer technology, especially one that uses the new MIDI pianos which give so much more data than was possible in 1981 and 1984.
	www.paristransatlantic.com /magazine/interviews/boulez.html (5489 words)

	Malcolm Ball - Boulez
		Boulez has said that ‘serialism’ was a short period in the 50’s that gave composers strict discipline and rigid constraints, but in turn that forces one to find solutions where you think there are no solutions.
		Boulez points out that it pays to remember this same remark was said of Beethoven and Wagner when their music was heard for the first time.
		Boulez uses an ornamental vocal style of writing where melodic lines are decorated (ornamented) by groups of little (grace) notes so there is a complete absence of chordal accompaniment.
	members.aol.com /malcmuso/boulez.htm (1008 words)

	INKPOT#105: BRUCKNER Symphony No.8. Vienna PO/Boulez (DG)
		Boulez initially thought of turning down the offer, but later accepted the engagement and after rehearsals in the Musikverein moved onto Linz where the concerts were recorded on 21 and 22 September at St Florian.
		Boulez's own conviction in the 'rightness' of Haas is based largely on the 'unnecessary' cuts that Nowak made to the score (notably in the Adagio and Finale), but he also feels, perhaps incorrectly, that the Nowak edition sometimes destroys the symmetry and logic of the structure.
		Listen to Boulez at 7'05, where lower strings are as burnished as mahogany and how he controls the entry of the flute at 7'18 and how by 7'25 the playing is just enveloped in the most perfectly graded pianissimo.
	inkpot.com /classical/bruckn8bou.html (1312 words)

	French culture \| Music \| Boulez \| Composer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Boulez enrolled at the Paris Conservatory in October 1944, where he studied harmony with Olivier Messiaen from 1942-45 and discovered the music of Igor Stravinsky, Béla Bartók and the Second Viennese school.
		Boulez's early compositions, such as his two Piano Sonatas (1946, 1948) and his Livre pour quatuor (1949), date from the postwar period when he struggled with the influences of Leibowitz and Messiaen.
		After Boulez's 75th birthday celebrations are over, he promises to take a sabbatical from conducting, to concentrate on composition and possibly to write an opera.
	www.frenchculture.org /music/events/boulez/boulezcomposer.html (501 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Arts Friday Review \| 'A master who worked with a very small hammer'
		Boulez was an angry young man, an austere modernist composer and conductor who, before he turned 40, sought to effect a puritan revolution to free serious Western music from what he saw as its shameful decadence.
		Boulez was at the forefront of the Western European avant garde from the end of the second world war, when he was completing his studies in Paris with Olivier Messiaen, and absorbing the significance of the modernism of composers like Debussy, Stravinsky and the Second Viennese School from the previous half century.
		Boulez came through that: though he would have been famous even if he had only written his first work, the flute sonatine, it was with Le Marteau sans Maître that he created something never done before.
	www.guardian.co.uk /arts/fridayreview/story/0,12102,1444738,00.html (2515 words)

	Joyce - Music: Pierre Boulez's "Third Piano Sonata"
		Boulez -- always ready to overturn the old order in his quest for musical revolution -- was greatly attracted to these ideas, and sought a way to adapt them to the compositional process.
		Boulez, however, maintains that he developed his ideas independently of Livre, and that he only became aware of its existence after he had composed the majority of his sonata.
		Now Boulez was promoting chance, only it had to be his kind of chance." Cage's anger was compounded by the popularity of the essay, which firmly established Boulez's term "aleatory music" as the label for the type of music that Cage had practically invented.
	www.themodernword.com /joyce/music/boulez_sonata.html (4007 words)

	Boulez
		When the young Pierre Boulez burst on to the Paris scene towards the end of the second world war, it was clear that he would lead a generation which was going to blow away pre-war European traditions and build a new musical world.
		Boulez absorbed every musical influence he could and, almost as quickly, began to smash those icons which symbolized the old order.
		But in those early years, Boulez experimented seriously with most of the key ideas current in musical thinking: serialism, chance in music, electronics, and influences from Eastern art, always applying his characteristic clarity of thought and intellectual rigour.
	www.londonsinfonietta.org.uk /boulez-online/boulez.html (262 words)

	Le Marteau sans maître : Serialism Becomes Respectable
		When Boulez talks about “making rules,” he is of course referring to the period immediately preceding the appearance of this work—a time of intense theoretical exploration during which he forged a new musical grammar known as integral or total serialism.
		Years later, Boulez said he felt that “most works from this period were satisfying mental exercises, nothing more.” Le Marteau sans maître (The Hammer without a Master), a cantata for voice and six instruments based on René Char’s poetry, marks the point at which Boulez distanced himself from the rigid musical grammar so recently constructed.
		Boulez says he didn’t follow the traditional form of musical illustration—that is, try to find sound equivalents for images in the text.
	www.scena.org /lsm/sm6-4/serialisme-en.html (1111 words)

	eMuse. Boulez is Dead
		In 1951 the young Boulez, leading an angry revolt against the new music of the recent past, wrote a polemic entitled Schoenberg is Dead.
		Elsewhere Boulez suggested that the simplest solution to the opera problem was 'to blow up the opera houses.' In making a name for himself he lashed out equally at the avant garde and the establishment.
		Meanwhile, in the early 50's Boulez continued to spread the gospel according to Anton Webern.
	www.mvdaily.com /articles/2000/03/embdead1.htm (368 words)

	Boulez, Pierre on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pierre Boulez en novembre dernier à Paris Le chef d'orchestre et compositeur français Pierre Boulez, 78 ans, ouvrira le 25.
		Pierre Boulez, le 18 août 2001 à Bayreuth Le chef d'orchestre et compositeur français Pierre Boulez, âgé de 77 ans, est tr.
		Pierre Boulez au Centre Pompidou en avril 1994 L'IRCAM, le département musique du Centre Georges Pompidou et l'Ensemble In.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/Boulez-P1.asp (940 words)

	INKPOT#92 CLASSICAL MUSIC FEATURE: PIERRE BOULEZ - An Inktroduction
		Boulez has described this work as a series of "verses and refrains", and, although scored for solo oboe, clarinet duo, flute trio, violin quartet, woodwind quintet, string sextet, woodwind septet and 14 brass, the work often appears to be monumental in construction.
		Boulez's importance as a composer is undisputed but it is arguable that his importance may be undermined by the other facet of this colossal figure, namely his conducting.
		Whereas it is arguable that Boulez' great contemporary, Karlheinz Stockhausen, has somewhat made his music so complex it is unplayable, there is every chance that Boulez' small, but important, contribution to twentieth century music will become as symbolic to mid-twentieth century composition as Brahms' music was to the mid-nineteenth century.
	inkpot.com /classical/boulez.html (1483 words)

	As Barenboim departs, Boulez will stay put
		Boulez began making virtually annual visits to Chicago in 1991 (the year Barenboim became CSO music director), and he was named principal guest conductor in 1995.
		Boulez was born in Montbrison, France, 80 years ago this month, and the CSO is doing up his birthday in style.
		Boulez has long urged orchestras to become flexible, to try new programming formats and build new halls that can be rearranged so that orchestras aren't always performing on a proscenium stage facing a vast sea of audience seats.
	www.suntimes.com /output/delacoma/sho-sunday-boulez06.html (1417 words)

	Boulez talkfest is less satisfying than the music
		The program Monday night was similar to a few Boulez had done at Carnegie Hall in past seasons and was designed as a festive wrap-up to the CSO's ongoing celebration of Boulez's 80th birthday year.
		Boulez is one of the era's most profound musical thinkers, and he speaks to audiences with an easy nonchalance and clarity of thought that usually makes us hang on his every word.
		Boulez recognizes this; in his comments he often told the audience not to worry if they didn't fully understand everything they heard.
	www.suntimes.com /output/delacoma/cst-ftr-cso18.html (510 words)

	Joyce - Music: Pierre Boulez
		Of course, Boulez was ripe for such a discovery, and had kept himself surrounded by numerous radical and creative elements: Paul Klee adorned his walls, James Joyce sat upon his shelf, and he learned advance harmony from Olivier Messiaen, who took an almost fatherly interest in his young pupil.
		Boulez was furious, cancelling all his appearances, severing his connection to the Domaine, and even forbidding the Orchestre de Paris to play his works.
		Boulez currently divides his time between a Baden Baden and Paris, where he is instrumental in directing the Cité de la Musique, a musical center commissioned in 1995 by Mitterand from (of all things) a massive but dysfunctional slaughterhouse.
	www.themodernword.com /joyce/music/boulez.html (5151 words)

	Biography of Pierre Boulez
		Pierre Boulez was born in 1925 in Montbrison, France.
		As a composer, conductor, and teacher, Pierre Boulez has made a decisive contribution to the development of music in the 20th century and inspired generations of young musicians with his pioneering spirit.
		Boulez's CD releases this year to include vocal and orchestral works by Ravel and Debussy, with Anne Sofie von Otter, Alison Hagley, and The Cleveland Orchestra and, with Ensemble Modern, a major recording of music by Sir Harrison Birtwistle to celebrate the composer's 70th birthday
	www.deutschegrammophon.com /artist/biography.htms?ART_ID=BOUPI (685 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pierre Boulez (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		See also: List of compositions by Pierre Boulez In music, an alto is a singer with a vocal range somewhere between a tenor and a mezzo-soprano.
		The viola is a stringed musical instrument which serves as the middle voice of the violin family, between the upper lines played by the violin and the lower lines played by the cello and double bass.
		In classical music a chorus is any substantial group of performers in a play, revue, musical or opera who act more or less as one.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pierre-Boulez (1918 words)

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