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	William Murdoch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is almost certain that Murdoch's contract of employment, in common with those for other employees of Boulton and Watt, specified that anything he invented would be the intellectual property of his employers, and frequently it was they who filed, and benefited from, patents on these inventions.
		Murdoch's working model was a three wheeled vehicle about a foot in height with the engine and boiler placed between the two larger back wheels with a spirit lamp underneath to heat the water and a tiller at the front turning the smaller front wheel.
		Apart from this Murdoch doesn't appear to have worked much on his ideas from 1784 to 1786 due to the continuing high volume of work for Boulton and Watt; his marriage in 1785 and the birth of their twins in the same year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Murdoch (4459 words)

	William Murdoch - engineer
		Boulton and Watt were beginning to sell numbers of their engines for use in draining the copper and tin mines of Cornwall.
		Watt had always considered the use of high-pressure steam to be too dangerous, partly because he had little faith in the boiler makers of the time, and partly because he put even less trust in the quality of the men the mine owners chose to leave in charge of those boilers.
		Murdoch, however, realised that high-pressure steam, acting directly on a piston in a closed cylinder, was the way forward and was, in fact, the only solution to the problem of using steam to power a moving vehicle.
	www.cottontimes.co.uk /murdocho.html (1014 words)

	Chapter 3 text
		Watt studied chemistry, and was assisted by the advice and instruction of Dr. Black, who was then making the researches which resulted in the discovery of "latent heat." His proposal to repair the model Newcomen engine in the college collections led to his study of Desagulier's treatise, and of the works of Switzer and others.
		Watt made a new boiler for the experimental investigation on which he was al)out to enter, and arranged it in such a manner that he could measure the quantity of water evaporated and of steam condensed at every stroke of the engine.
		Murdoch was employed by Boulton and Watt in 1776, and was made superintendent of construction in the engine department, and given general charge of the erection of engines.
	www.history.rochester.edu /steam/thurston/1878/Chapter3.html (14478 words)

	Wikinfo \| Matthew Boulton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		About 1767, Boulton, who was finding the need of improving the motive power for his machinery, made the acquaintance of James Watt, who on his side appreciated the advantages offered by the Soho works for the development of his steam-engine.
		Three years later Boulton and Watt formally entered into partnership, and it was mainly through the energy and self-sacrifice of the former, who devoted all the capital he possessed or could borrow to the enterprise, that the steam engine was at length made a commercial success.
		In 1788 Boulton turned his attention to coining machinery, and erected at Soho a complete plant with which he struck coins for the Sierra Leone and East India companies and for Russia, and in 1797 produced a new copper coinage for Great Britain.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Matthew_Boulton (537 words)

	James Watt
		Some early experiments of Watt in 1761 or 1762 led to no positive result, but in 1764 his attention was seriously drawn to the matter by having a model of Newcomen's engine, which formed part of the college collection of scientific apparatus, given him to repair.
		Watt observed that the evil was intensified whenever, for the sake of making a good vacuum under the piston, a specially large quantity of injection water was supplied.
		Boulton had the good sense to leave the work of inventing to Watt, in whose genius he had the fullest faith; on the other hand, his substantial means, his enterprise, resolution and business capacity supplied what was wanting to bring the invention to commercial success.
	www.nndb.com /people/531/000050381 (2667 words)

	James Watt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		James Watt (January 19, 1736–August 19, 1819) was a Scottish mathematician and engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were a key stage in the Industrial Revolution.
		Watt adopted the centrifugal governor to regulate the speed of a steam engine.
		James Watt's model of the steam engine converted a machine of limited use to one of efficiency and many applications.
	james-watt.ask.dyndns.dk (613 words)

	Facts about william murdoch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		His home, a cottage in Boulton and Watt's Soho Foundry, was the first domestic residence in the world to be so lit.
		Matthew Boulton, impressed by Murdoch's wooden hat, made on a lathe of his own design, gave him a job and within a short term he was well respected within the firm.
		He is remembered by the Moonstones; a statue of him, Boulton and Murdoch, by William Bloye; and Murdock Road, all in Birmingham.
	www.supercrawler.com /Facts/william_murdoch.html (237 words)

	Pakistan encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Pakistan politics and officials, Pakistan History. Travel to ...
		In September 1779 Murdoch was sent to Redruth in Cornwall as a senior engine erector, responsible for the erection, maintenance and repair of Bolton and Watt engines.
		Murdoch also carried out a numner of experiments with compressed air and developed the first pneumatic message system which worked by using compressed air to propell a message in a cylinder through a tube to its intended destination.
		In any event without the support of Boulton and Watt, who appear to have opposed Murdochs work due to the need to use high pressure steam which Watt distrusted, Murdoch was unable to develop or gain publicity for his invention and it was left to Trevethick and others to develop it commercially later.
	www.pakistaneworld.com /wiki-William_Murdoch (4462 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - M. P. W. Boulton and the Aileron
		Boulton lived in England and was rather a rennaissance man of the mid to late 19th century.
		Matthew Piers Watt Boulton was the son of Matthew Robinson Boulton.
		Boulton and Watt had perfected the steam engine during the 1770s which soon set off the Industrial Revolution in England, and later the rest of the world.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/history/q0133b.shtml (495 words)

	The William Murdoch Project presented by Motor Racing Retro
		The earliest reference we have of William Murdoch's model steam carraiges comes in the correspondence between James Watt, Thomas Wilson (Watt's agent in Cornwall), and Mathew Boulton, (senior partner in the firm of Boulton and Watt - Murdoch's employers).
		Watt then describes a rather complicated system of gears for transmitting the rotative motion from the engine to the drive axle of the carraige.
		Briefly, Watt deals with the idea of saving water by recondensing it, and of the gears, which he pen sketches, before embarking on the total weight to be moved.
	www.trainingscotland.i12.com /murdoch/devil01.htm (2082 words)

	William Murdoch Encyclopedia Articles @ 216.92.11.26 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		There are numerous reports that in his youth William was responsible for the construction of one of the 30 bridges over the River Nith, although it is possible that this derives from his fathers work in building the Craikston Bridge over Lugar Water in 1774, which William would certainly have been involved in.
		There is some uncertainty as to when he first demonstrated this process in practice, however most sources identify this as between 1792 and 1794.
		At the celebration of the centenary of gas lighting in 1892, a bust of Murdoch was unveiled by Lord Kelvin in the Wallace Monument, Stirling, and there is also a bust of him by Sir Francis Legatt Chantrey at, where he was buried.
	216.92.11.26 /encyclopedia/William_Murdoch (2661 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : The Industrial Revolution : James Watt
		Although James Watt had had the original idea for the steam engine, he was lucky that men such as Wilkinson, Murdock and Boulton were around to contribute their skills to the final product.
		Watt's engine was an immediate success as it was much more efficient than the Newcomen engine and it only used one quarter of the fuel.
		Watt's engines were also bought by the iron industry to raise the water needed to power the water wheels that drove the fans or bellows.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/IR/018.html (617 words)

	Industrial Revolution Series One: Part 14
		William Murdoch (l754-l839), who is generally recognised as the pioneer of the gas lighting industry, established a business for Boulton and Watt to supply individuals and private firms with gas lighting.
		Boulton and Watt did not enjoy any significant further benefits from Murdoch’s invention as the process was exploited by other companies.
		James Watt junior remained deeply involved in the problems and prospects of steam navigation through the 1820s and 1830s, and when his partnership with Matthew Robinson Boulton was dissolved in 1840, James Watt junior assumed sole responsibility for Soho Foundry until his death in 1848.
	www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk /collections_az/IndRev-1-14/description.aspx (2382 words)

	Wikipedia: Lunar Society
		The society's name came from their practice of scheduling their meetings at the time of the full moon (in that time of no street lighting, the extra light made the journey home easier).
		Matthew Boulton, Erasmus Darwin, Samuel Galton Junior, James Keir, William Murdoch, Joseph Priestley, Josiah Wedgwood, James Watt and William Withering.
		Among memorials to the Society are the Moonstones, two statues of Watt and a statue of Boulton, Watt and Murdoch, by William Bloye, all in Birmingham.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/l/lu/lunar_society.html (247 words)

	Watt James: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Matthew Boulton financed Watt's work and was his partner (1775â“80) in manufacturing the engines at Soho near Birmingham.
		Directed by Harry Watt, the film depicts the crew of a Wellington...Offensive against Germany 1939-1945 (1961) James Barker is a freelance TV director and archive...
		James Watt was the father of the steam...were almost as impressive.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/watt_james.jsp (1612 words)

	William Murdoch (1754-1839) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		William Murdoch, the son of an Ayrshire mill designer, was born in 1754.
		Murdoch had an excellent grasp of mechanics and, in 1777, he walked 300 miles to Birmingham to meet James Watt, in the hope of persuading Watt to employ him at his factory.
		Boulton later described him as the finest engine erector he had ever seen.
	level2.phys.strath.ac.uk /ScienceOnStreets/williammurdoch.html (213 words)

	Chapter4 text
		The way had been fairly opened by Boulton and Watt; and the year 1800 saw a crowd of engineers and manufacturers entering upon it, eager to reap the harvest of distinction and of pecuniary returns which seemed so promising to all.
		Boulton remained in business; but he was not the inventor of the new engine, and could not retain, by the exercise of all his remaining power, the privileges previously held by legal authorization.
		Watt had perfected, with the aid of Murdoch, both the pumpingengine and the rotative steamengine for application to mills.
	www.history.rochester.edu /steam/thurston/1878/chapter4.html (16105 words)

	History of Birmingham 6
		Boulton at a place which he has called Soho, about 2 miles from Birmingham, which the very ingenious proprietor showed me himself to the best advantage.
		Boulton associated himself with every phase of Birmingham’s industrial life, and of him truly can it be said: "He will ever hold the loftiest place among the industrial heroes of the world and the greatest men of Birmingham".
		At the time, however, Watt was away from Soho, and Murdoch was interviewed by the great Boulton himself, who always selected his workmen with the utmost care.
	www.virtualbrum.co.uk /history/brum6.htm (808 words)

	Coat-of-Arms of James Watt (1736-1819) Scottish Scientist and Inventor - Numericana
		Ironically, what Watt came up with is the competing horsepower unit (hp) which survives to this day.
		James Watt was born on January 19, 1736 in Greenock, Inverclyde (Scotland) and died at the age of 83, at his home (Heathfield House) in Hansworth, near Birmingham, on August 19, 1819.
		In one half, bars from the arms of James Watt's son are superimposed by a tree, taken from the arms of Watt and Watson in Scotland.
	home.att.net /~numericana/arms/watt.htm (1955 words)

	William Murdoch - Inventor and Engineer - Cornwall
		William Murdoch was born in 1754 at Bello Mill Farm, near Cumnock in Ayrshire.
		In 1792 William Murdoch was the first person in the world to light his house and office by piped coal gas.
		Murdoch returned to Birmingham in 1799 to continue his work with Boulton and Watt.
	www.cornwalls.co.uk /history/people/william_murdoch.htm (215 words)

	access to mineral heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Boulton later went into partnership with James Watt, who produced the coal-powered steam-engines which played a vital part in the Industrial Revolution.
		Boulton and Watt were part of a group known as the Lunar Society, which also included other industrialists such as Josiah Wedgwood.
		Another person of note who worked for Boulton & Watt was William Murdoch, the inventor of gas lighting.
	www.mineral.org.uk /edu/WMIntro.shtml (1084 words)

	JAMES NASMYTH his Autobiography: Chapter 9. Holiday in the manufacturing districts
		Boulton also was a thorough man of business, without whom, perhaps, Watt could never have made his way against the world, or perfected his magnificent invention.
		Not less interesting to my mind was the memory of that incomparable mechanic, William Murdoch, a man of indomitable energy, and Watt's right-hand man in the highest practical sense.
		Murdoch was the inventor of the first model locomotive, and the inventor of gas for lighting purposes; and yet he always kept himself in the background, for he was excessively modest.
	www.anvilfire.com /21centbs/stories/James_Nasmyth/jn09.htm (5257 words)

	Learn more about Birmingham in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Birmingham's skilled workforce, and the fact that Birmingham was located near the coalfields of Staffordshire, meant that the town grew rapidly during the Industrial revolution.
		Birmingham was then home to Matthew Boulton, James Watt, William Murdoch, Joseph Priestley and others, who, together, were known as the Lunar Society.
		In the late 18th and early 19th century Birmingham became a centre of the canal system, which greatly aided its industrial growth.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /b/bi/birmingham.html (2242 words)

	James Watt influencial people help (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		For Ronald Reagan's Secretary of the Interior, see James G. Watt.'' ---- image:James Watt small.jpg '''James Watt''' (January 19, 1736andndash;August 19, 1819) was a ScotlandScottish mathematician and engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were a key stage in the Industrial Revolution.
		He realised that the Thomas NewcomenNewcomen steam engine was wasting nearly three quarters of the steam energy in heating the piston and chamber.
		He is also remembered by the Lunar Society MoonstonesMoonstones, two individual statues, and a Boulton, Watt and Murdochstatue of him, Boulton and Murdoch by William Bloye, and a school named in his honour, all in Birmingham.
	www.artbrain.co.uk /influential-people/james-watt.htm (670 words)

	Boulton, Watt and Murdoch
		It was the biggest factory in the world and put Handsworth at the centre of the industrial revolution.
		In 1775 Boulton went into partnership with James Watt - Watt being taken on board to develop steam engine production, while Boulton concentrated on the company's other products such as Coins and Tokens, Ormolu and Silver Plate.
		The archives of Boulton and Watt are housed in the
	www.birmingham.gov.uk /GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=13653&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=10277 (231 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on James Watt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Share your wisdom on James Watt by "blinking" bits you like OR "sharing" bits you know.
		"Watt is shown seated holding a pair of dividers, a scroll of paper on his lap...
		James Watt (January 19, 1736 --- August 19, 1819) was a Scottish mathematician and engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were a key stage in the Industrial Revolution.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/james_watt (1037 words)

	Boulton Watt and Murdoch Statue, Broad Street Birmingham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Boulton Watt and Murdock statue, by William Bloye (1956), remembers these three 18th century Birmingham industrialists.
		Mathew Boulton ran the Soho Manufactory and later with James Watt provided steam engines to help power the industrial revolution.
		William Murdoch lived for some years in Redruth installing and maintaining steam engines for tin and copper mines.
	www.birmingham-photos.co.uk /calendar/BWMStatue.htm (93 words)

	The William Murdoch Project - Historical Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In 1779 he was sent off to Cornwall, where many of Boulton and Watts steam engines were being introduced to the mines.
		Indeed, Boulton and Watt wanted Murdoch to concentrate on their mining engines and 'let such as Symington and Sadler throw away their time and money hunting shadows'.
		It was clearly a great idea, and it pre-empted Trevithics locomotive by 20 years but the world was deprived its use for a generation because of the stubborness of Boulton and Watt.
	www.trainingscotland.i12.com /murdoch/profile02.htm (470 words)

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