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	Isaac Watt Boulton
		I.W. Boulton was always proud of this connection, to which he owed his second baptismal name and which he endeavoured to perpetuate in the family record by passing on the distinguished cognomen to his fourth son, Mr.
		Boulton on more than one occasion found gentlemen of position in the locomotive world and who were supposed to know everything about locomotives, quite unable to get her to move even with a full head of steam blowing off from the safety valves, an experience he often laughingly referred to in after life.
		Boulton was nevertheless unwilling to abandon his patent, trusting that improvements in design or construction would eventually abate the prejudice, as he considered it.
	www.steamindex.com /people/boulton.htm (2971 words)

	James Watt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Watt became acquainted with the Newcomen engine when he was repairing the University's model of it.
		Watt wrote:"...the idea came into my mind that, as steam was an elastic body, it would rush into a vacuum, and, if a communication were made between the cylinder and an exhausted vessel, it would rush into it, and might be there condensed without cooling the cylinder.
		Watt never developped engines that were powerful for their weight, because he refused to use high-pressure steam.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/6914/watte.htm (374 words)

	William Murdoch - engineer
		Boulton and Watt were beginning to sell numbers of their engines for use in draining the copper and tin mines of Cornwall.
		Watt had always considered the use of high-pressure steam to be too dangerous, partly because he had little faith in the boiler makers of the time, and partly because he put even less trust in the quality of the men the mine owners chose to leave in charge of those boilers.
		Boulton's and Watt's Soho Works in Birmingham were illuminated by Murdoch's gas to celebrate the Treaty of Amiens in 1803, and soon the method was being used not only to make dark city streets safer, but to light cotton mills and factories.
	www.cottontimes.co.uk /murdocho.html (1014 words)

	Watt Biography
		Watt recognized that the flaw was due to an undersized boiler that couldn't provide enough steam to reheat the cylinder after a few strokes.
		Watt himself was a first rate instrument maker, but he was ill-suited to manage the work crew to operate the pump.
		Watt had declared it to be a "clumsy job." The new pipe-condenser did not work well, the cylinder was almost useless, having been badly cast, and the old difficulty in keeping the piston-packing tight remained.
	www.egr.msu.edu /~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html (2567 words)

	Boulton and Watt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The firm of Boulton and Watt, a partnership between Matthew Boulton and James Watt, made steam engines at their Soho Foundry in Smethwick, near Birmingham, England.
		Another working Boulton and Watt beam engine, dating from 1812, can be found at Crofton Pumping Station.
		The Powerhouse Museum in Sydney, Australia, houses the world's oldest working rotary steam engine, built by Boulton and Watt in 1785 to grind malt in Whitbread's London brewery.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boulton_and_Watt (124 words)

	What are the considerations
		The total heating surface of a two horse power wagon boiler is, according to Boulton and Watt's proportions, 30 square feet, or 15 ft. per horse power; whereas, in the case of a 45 horse power boiler the total heating surface is 438 square feet, or 9.6 ft. per horse power.
		Watt's standard of power, which makes the actual and the nominal power identical; and an actual horse power is the equivalent of a cubic foot of water raised into steam every hour.
		In Watt's engines about one tenth was reckoned as loss in filling the waste spaces at the top and bottom of the cylinder, making 1872 cubic feet as the quantity consumed per hour without this waste; and in modern engines the waste at the ends of the cylinder is inconsiderable.
	www.harvestfields.netfirms.com /ebook/01/010/07.htm (6640 words)

	Capital and Labour - CAPITALIZATION OF THE FIRM OF BOULTON & WATT
		Boulton repaid Wiss £1,000 in May, 1780, and agreed to pay an equal sum in December, 1781 and 1782, thus reducing the annuity which had to be provided for him to £400.
		Watt apologized for his letter, but continued to complain about their debts, and said that he was sick of the engine business, and wished he were out of it.
		Boulton was asked to persuade his friends to advance money at 8 per cent for this venture, but he managed to obtain the loan of thirty or forty thousand pounds at a rate not to exceed 5 per cent from an Amsterdam banker, called Hope, who was alsolaced to his (Boulton's) account solely.
	www.history.rochester.edu /steam/lord/6.htm (5917 words)

	Boulton and Watt
		A watt is a unit of power (1/746th Horsepower to be exact), and for various types of light bulbs (incandescent, fluorescent, and so forth) it's a fairly good measure of how bright the bulb will be.
		Watt therefore invented a lockable device that could be installed on the engines and would keep track of the fuel expending in running it.
		Boulton first coupled steam engines to coining presses in 1786 (the further refined rotative type), and in 1790 obtained a patent for this marriage.
	www.nasc.net /Articles/boulton_and_watt.htm (1212 words)

	The Birmingham Post (England): Watt and Boulton letters likely to fetch pounds 700,000; The letters of two of ...
		The Birmingham Post (England): Watt and Boulton letters likely to fetch pounds 700,000; The letters of two of Birmingham's most famous sons are expected to sell for more than pounds 700,000 when they go under the hammer tomorrow.
		Watt and Boulton letters likely to fetch pounds 700,000; The letters of two of Birmingham's most famous sons are expected to sell for more than pounds 700,000 when they go under the hammer tomorrow.
		Watt, who along with Matthew Boulton formed the greatest engineering partnership of the Industrial Revolution, was so concerned by the mining accident he sent money to the victims' families.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:103999777&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (287 words)

	More about Matthew Boulton
		Matthew Boulton was born in Birmingham in 1728.
		By virtue of their patent, Boulton and Watt had a monopoly in the manufacture of Watt engines until the end of the century and it is estimated that during that period they sold around 450 engines.
		If a Boulton and Watt engine were capable of producing, say, 20 horsepower, they charged the purchaser one-third of the estimated annual saving from using the machine (as opposed to using a team of twenty horses) each year for twenty-five years.
	jquarter.members.beeb.net /moremboulton.htm (4593 words)

	Powered by Steam: The Steam Engine 1780-1830
		The answer, which Watt arrived at in 1765, was to condense the steam in a separate condenser, allowing the temperature of the cylinder to remain constant.
		Boulton's father died in 1759 whereupon he moved to the Soho area of Birmingham, rebuilt an old mill and transformed it into the Soho manufactory--in its day the most famous factory in the world.
		Boulton and Watt offered little or nothing by way of after-sales service, so a breakdown (perhaps the fault of an inexperienced engineman) could mean a lengthy stoppage.
	www.fathom.com /course/21701780/session2.html (1050 words)

	History - Boulton & Watt
		The firm of Matthew Boulton and James Watt was formed in 1775, and became a major force in the industrial revolution.
		One of Matthew Boulton's pet projects was that of a better coinage, and he was sure that with steam power he could produce the best coins that had thus far been made.
		He succeeded, and the firm of Boulton and Watt went on to make not only coin, tokens, and medals, but the steam engines that drove England to the forefront of the industrial revolution.
	www.thecoppercorner.com /history/boulton_watt_hist.html (463 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - M. P. W. Boulton and the Aileron
		Boulton lived in England and was rather a rennaissance man of the mid to late 19th century.
		Matthew Piers Watt Boulton was the son of Matthew Robinson Boulton.
		Boulton and Watt had perfected the steam engine during the 1770s which soon set off the Industrial Revolution in England, and later the rest of the world.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/history/q0133b.shtml (495 words)

	INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY Series One: The Boulton & Watt Archive and the Matthew Boulton Papers from ...
		This, indeed, was the position of affairs when Boulton and Watt commenced erecting their engines, and it was substantially on these lines that the firm carried on work for a number of years.
		Boulton also writes to Watt on the subject of nozzle-fitting, in which they are much behind hand, suggests that the collars for the spindles be made of brass instead of steel as it would save time and expense, and comes back to the tooth-cutting machine and the grinding of the flats ‘instead of chiselling’.
		Boulton next turns his attention to the castings themselves, and proposes to go over to Bradley Ironworks to see a nozzle moulded, and to discuss with the moulder the best means to avoid the considerable amount of chipping now entailed in fitting up the nozzles.
	www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk /collections_az/IndRev-1-03/description.aspx (3848 words)

	James Watt
		Watt died almost 200 years ago, but today people still use words created by him or named for him when they talk about units of power.
		By 1776, however, Watt and his new business partner, Matthew Boulton, were making Watt steam engines in a factory in Birmingham, England.
		Watt continued to study science and to experiment in his workshop until his death, on August 25, 1819, at the age of 83.
	www.harcourtschool.com /activity/biographies/watt (405 words)

	James Watt - Britannia Biographies
		Greenock-born Watt, a friend of the pioneering engineer John Smeaton, realised the necessity of removing the condensing of steam from the cylinder that had to be continually heated to hold steam for the power stroke and then cooled to condense the steam.
		In 1765, Watt proposed that the steam should be condensed in a condenser outside the cylinder; it was one of the greatest advances in the development of industry; it revolutionized the steam engine and it transformed the world.
		Watt madr many improvements such as the air pump, steam-jacketed cylinders, double acting engines (in which the piston both pushed and pulled), the sun and planet rotary mechanism (thus adapting the steam engine for rotary motion), parallel motion and the governor for regulating an engine's speed.
	www.britannia.com /bios/watt.html (455 words)

	James Watt - inventor
		Watt was born in Greenock on the River Clyde in Scotland in 1736, the son of a merchant.
		Watt was by no means a rich man, and he knew he needed money and facilities to develop his idea.
		However, it is impossible to escape the conclusion that the dog-in-a-manger attitude of Watt and Boulton delayed the course of the Industrial Revolution for several years.
	www.cottontimes.co.uk /watto.htm (986 words)

	TCU-in-Scotland: The Search for Genius
		Watt forms a partnership with Matthew Boulton, a partnership which will last 25 years; they are the ideal pair — Watt, the technically-gifted hypochondriac and genius, and Boulton, the wealthy, insightful, and opportunistic industrialist.
		Watt and Boulton are elected members of the Royal Society of London (members of the Lunar Society revitalized the Royal Society, which had become a social rather than a literary club).
		Watt purchases a country estate at Doldowlod, Radnorshire, and begins to retire from business; Watt and Boulton establish the new firm of Boulton & Watt, which they turn over to their sons, James and Matthew.
	www.drl.tcu.edu /Scotland/NorthernLights/watt.html (1026 words)

	Capital and Labour - WATT'S PARTNERSHIP WITH BOULTON : History of the Partnership
		Boulton, however, hesitated to launch out into the large expenses that an adequate establishment for the manufacture of engines would entail, unless he was assured of a monopoly for longer than the eight years yet remaining.
		Though this letter of Watt is ironical, he had already had difficulties with imitations, one of his workmen, at Carron, had stolen and sold the plans of the Kinneil engine; and as there was likely to be a great demand for an engine, so economical in coals, Boulton naturally desired security in their possession.
		Boulton had paid off the £1,200 debt and the £1,000 out of the first profit to be rid of the importunity of Roebuck's creditors.
	www.history.rochester.edu /steam/lord/5-3.htm (1135 words)

	Product Listing - [FIART5]
		Matthew Piers Watt Boulton was the grandson of Matthew Boulton who, with his partner, James Watt, had invented a steam engine, an electroplating process for silver, and many other useful things in Soho at the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th.
		M.P.W. Boulton soon found himself intimately involved in the controversy over the "photographs", as it was a servant of his named Price who had first come up with them, claiming they had been given to him by a Miss Wilkinson, Boulton's aunt, after having lain undisturbed in her library at Soho for 50 years.
		Matthew Piers Watt Boulton would go on to be every bit as inventive and industrious as his famous grandpapa, translating classics, producing papers on solar heating and metaphysics, and coining the name "aileron" and getting a patent for this important aerial advance.
	www.joslinhall.com /bookstore/index.cgi?exact_match=no&product=[FIART5]&cart_id=5371432.22151 (1809 words)

	James Watt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Watt studied the Newcomen steam engine then in use and made a number of important improvements.
		The Boulton and Watt steam engines soon replaced the Newcomen engines that were being used to pump water out of mines.
		Although Watt did not invent the steam engine, his improved engine was really the first practical device for efficiently converting heat into useful work and was a key stimulus to the Industrial Revolution.
	chemistry.mtu.edu /~pcharles/SCIHISTORY/JamesWatt.html (208 words)

	James Watt
		Watt worked on the idea for several months and eventually produced a steam engine that cooled the used steam in a condenser separate from the main cylinder.
		Watt's machine was very popular because it was four times more powerful than those that had been based on the Thomas Newcomen design.
		Watt calculated that a horse exerted a pull of 180 lb., therefore, when he made a machine, he described its power in relation to a horse, i.e.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /SCwatt.htm (522 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : The Industrial Revolution : James Watt
		Although James Watt had had the original idea for the steam engine, he was lucky that men such as Wilkinson, Murdock and Boulton were around to contribute their skills to the final product.
		Watt's engine was an immediate success as it was much more efficient than the Newcomen engine and it only used one quarter of the fuel.
		Watt's engines were also bought by the iron industry to raise the water needed to power the water wheels that drove the fans or bellows.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/IR/018.html (617 words)

	Powered by Steam: The Steam Engine 1780-1830
		Boulton and Watt's engine design was, subject to the economic caveats already discussed, specifically designed to satisfy the demands of the small-scale industry most prevalent up until 1800.
		Thereafter, Boulton and Watt kept a close eye on developments elsewhere, intervening if necessary against those who infringed their patent.
		Watt was partly concerned that the available 'wagon' boilers couldn't safely work at higher pressures.
	www.fathom.com /course/21701780/session4.html (1156 words)

	Watt Atmospheric Engine
		The Watt Engine is a significantly more efficient engine than the Newcomen Engine because it incorporates a separate condenser.
		The air pump (as it is called by Watt) serves to pump the condensate and any non-condensable gas from the condenser h.
		The parallel motion mechanism is the invention of Watt's that permits the pistons to move straight up and down while the end of the beam traces an arc.
	www.egr.msu.edu /~lira/supp/steam/wattengine.htm (1332 words)

	The William Murdoch Project presented by Motor Racing Retro
		Boulton's attention was attracted to the twirling hat, which seemed to be of a peculiar make.
		Probably when he arrived at the Boulton and Watt Manufactory, enquiry showing Mr Watt to be absent, William sent a verbal or written message to Boulton to the effect that he was a skilled millwright, known to Mr Boswell (and Mr Watt?), and would be obliged if Mr Boulton considered him for a post.
		Boulton would have seen a young man of apparent great strength not just of body but of character, demonstrated not least in his walking the 250 miles to Soho.
	www.trainingscotland.i12.com /murdoch/timmer.htm (619 words)

	The Boulton and Watt engine
		Built in England during the Industrial Revolution, the Boulton and Watt steam engine may be the most significant technological artefact ever to reach Australia.
		James Watt did not invent the steam engine, but he made several important innovations that improved the efficiency of engines and made them useful in a wide range of industries.
		As Boulton and Watt engines were prime movers in the Industrial Revolution, this very significant engine represents not just invention and entrepreneurship, but also wealth creation, mass consumerism, great changes in working life, a massive shift in the use of resources, and consequent damage to the natural environment.
	www.powerhousemuseum.com /exhibitions/boulton&watt.asp (273 words)

	Boulton & Watt Rotative Steam Engine, ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark
		James Watt (1736-1819) designed and built engines incorporating many of the mechanical innovations that became steam engine practice: separate condenser, parallel motion and centrifugal governor, the sun-and-planet crank motion, and the double-acting cylinder.
		This oldest surviving rotative engine was built by Boulton and Watt in 1785 for the London Brewery of Samuel Whitbread to drive the malt crushing mill.
		Visitor, July 2000: Being aware of the Watt engine at the PHM, I paid a visit a few weeks ago to see if I could pick up a post card or a transparency of the engine and to see if there were any pamphlets available.
	www.asme.org /history/roster/H111.html (570 words)

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