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	Bourgeoisie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the French feudal order, "bourgeois" was formally a legal category in society, defined by conditions such as length of residence and source of income.
		The earliest recorded pejorative uses of the term "bourgeois" are associated with aristocratic contempt for the lifestyle of the bourgeoisie.
		Marx himself primarily used the term "bourgeois", with or without sarcasm, as an objective description of a social class and of a lifestyle based on ownership of private capital, not as a pejorative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bourgeois (1131 words)

	040818-Bourgeois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bourgeois' child pornography collection consisted of all minor females, including teenagers and pre-pubescent children, toddlers, and even infants as young as approximately 10 months old, involved in a variety of sexually explicit conduct with adult men and women.
		Also found on Bourgeois' computer was extensive evidence of his sending child pornography to others over the internet, his saved internet links to numerous web-sties devoted to the trading of child pornography, and records of his internet “chat” with others establishing his interest in child pornography and incest.
		Bourgeois faces a maximum punishment of 10 years in federal prison without the possibility of parole, and $250,000 on each of the two counts of conviction at sentencing.
	www.usdoj.gov /usao/txs/releases/August2004/040818-Bourgeois.htm (618 words)

	040324-Bourgeois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bourgeois, his wife and their then seven-year-old daughter had told officials the baby girl had fallen out of her father's commercial tractor trailer truck onto the pavement at the Naval Air Station.
		Bourgeois' now nine-year-old daughter told the jury that Bourgeois had struck the two-year-old child's head against the front and side glass window of the cab of his tractor truck repeatedly before laying her on the pavement outside the truck at the Naval Air Station on June 27, 2002.
		Bourgeois' sister testified that three days before the child was killed, her brother had called her and told her “Get your fl dress out,” implying that a funeral was in the near future.
	www.usdoj.gov /usao/txs/releases/March2004/040324-Bourgeois.htm (1213 words)

	Louise Bourgeois Art Minimal & Conceptual Only
		Her father would draw Louise Bourgeois' outline on the skin of a tangerine and cut it in the shape of a naked girl.
		Bourgeois leads us to ambiguous and conflicting images of her father as in The Destruction of the Father (1974).
		Louise Bourgeois developed a logic of instincts and it is important to link her art to the greater themes of knowledge or literature, rather than to the systems of art.
	members.aol.com /mindwebart2/page150.htm (1250 words)

	Leon Bourgeois Biography / Biography of Leon Bourgeois Main Biography
		The French statesman Léon Bourgeois (1851-1925) was one of the earliest proponents of the League of Nations and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1920.
		Bourgeois served as head of the French delegations to the First and Second Hague Conferences in 1899 and 1907, where, according to a colleague, he "expressed commonplace thoughts in a mellow voice." He was elected to the Senate in 1905.
		Bourgeois was president of the Senate from 1920 to 1923.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-leon-bourgeois (554 words)

	Greg Kucera Gallery \| Seattle
		As a young adult Bourgeois assisted in her parents' tapestry workshop, where she was responsible in particular for making drawings of feet and other appendages that needed repair.
		Bourgeois first experimented with printmaking in the 1940s, and has actively pursued the medium during the past two decades.
		Louise Bourgeois was born in 1911 in Paris.
	www.gregkucera.com /bourgeois.htm (552 words)

	Current Exhibition
		Born in 1911, Bourgeois was one of the first artists to assert the importance of autobiography and identity as subjects for contemporary artists.
		In the 1980s Bourgeois began making a series of theatrical spaces called Cells, representing different types of pain – “the physical, the emotional and the psychological, and the mental and intellectual.” The Cells are self-contained or partial enclosures, which can be experienced by entering the spaces, or by peering through mesh walls, door or windows.
		Her first exhibition of sculpture took place in New York in 1949, and at the age of 71, Bourgeois was the first woman artist to be given a retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
	www.mocanomi.org /html/html/bourgeois.htm (390 words)

	Louise Bourgeois
		Bourgeois received an honorary degree from Yale in 1977, and was awarded an Achievement Visual Arts Award by the Woman’s Caucus for the Arts in 1980.
		Though Bourgeois exhibited in major museums all over the world, she was recognized as primarily a "woman’s artist" until the Museum of Modern Art gave her a one-person show in 1982.
		In 1975 Lippard praised Bourgeois as an artist who “despite her apparent fragility survived almost 40 years of discrimination, struggle, intermittent success and neglect in New York’s gladiatorial art arenas.” Bourgeois proved that she was not only a survivor, but an artistically and intellectually competent personality to be reckoned with.
	spaightwoodgalleries.com /Pages/Bourgeois.html (698 words)

	Bienal - Special Guests - Louise Bourgeois
		In Bourgeois', all the physical, nothing escapes from undergoing a process of the conveyance of meaning, as if the world's forces were being captured for her art.
		Bourgeois crafted a parody of fashion shows in her work Fashion Show of Body Parts (1978), using transparent garments made of latex which stressed "how limited we are." Clothing needs limits.
		Bourgeois calls attention to the similarity between the design of the building where her studio is located in Brooklyn, and the rational work of architect Auguste Perret, who used the new technology of reinforced concrete at the beginning of the century.
	www.uol.com.br /23bienal/especial/iebo.htm (4197 words)

	Bourgeois v. Great Northern Nekoosa
		Alternatively, Bourgeois attempts to distinguish this case from Michaud on the grounds that the defendants owed him a duty of care as an invitee on the property.
		In granting the motions, the court concluded as a matter of law that Bourgeois was not within the protected class of indirect victims, and the defendants did not owe Bourgeois an independent duty of care as a rescuer or as an invitee.
		According to Bourgeois, the chaos he found upon arriving at the accident scene and the horrifying nature of the accident created a dangerous condition which constituted a breach of the duty to keep the land in safe condition.
	www.courts.state.me.us /opinions/documents/99me10bo.htm (955 words)

	Cheim & Read: Louise Bourgeois
		If as Bourgeois has said "my sculpture is my psychoanalysis", her recent sculptural output continues the transposition of the psychological exploration of the self from the "father" to the "mother".
		The images of severing and fragmentation in the earlier periods of Bourgeois' work associated with the father is replaced in these works by the activity of binding and holding together, associated with the mother.
		Bourgeois is currently being shown in solo exhibitions at the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg and at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.
	www.artnet.com /event/10469/Louise_Bourgeois.html (290 words)

	bourgeois \| links \| family tree
		The latest research indicates Jacques Bourgeois was most likely born in La Ferté-Gaucher, near Paris, as the son of a widow, Marguerite Bourgeois Grandjehan and raised under the maiden name of his mother.
		In the registers of the parish of Saint-Romain a baptismal certificate for Jacob Bourgeois was found indicating he was born on January 9, 1621, the son of Marguerite Bourgeois and the deceased Nicolas Grandjehan.
		Joseph Bourgeois was born in 1736 in Beaubassin, Acadia, Canada and died December, 29 1812 in St. James Parish, LA. He married Marie Magdelaine Giroir on November 5, 1759, the daughter of Claude Giroir and Marie Madeleine Vincent, in Ristigouche, Acadia, Canada.
	www.geocities.com /ocajuno/FamilyTree/family_tree.htm (3386 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Catholicism and the Bourgeois Mind
		Now the bourgeois was in origin the member of a small and highly specialized class which had grown up within the wall of the mediaeval city commune.
		In the same way the opposite pole to the bourgeois is not to be found in a particular economic function of interest, as for instance the proletarian or the peasant, but rather in the antibourgeois temperament, the type of character which naturally prefers to spend rather than to accumulate, to give rather than to gain.
		The fact is that Marx was himself a disgruntled bourgeois, and his doctrine of historic materialism is a hangover from a debauch of bourgeois economics and bourgeois philosophy.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=2580 (4100 words)

	Nicholas Berdyaev, Prophet for the Catholic Worker Movement: The Bourgeois Mind
		Léon Bloy studies the average bourgeois, but the problem can be deepened, for the bourgeois may manifest himself on a superior and more brilliant plane, even in the higher degrees of a spiritual life, where he paralyses all spiritual movement and extinguishes the fire which is the very essence of the spirit.
		Bourgeois consciousness of life is in opposition to the tragic consciousness of life: the man who lives through a tragedy is free from the taint, and in the truly dramatic moments of life a bourgeois ceases to be one.
		The paradox of the life of the bourgeois consists in his repudiation of tragedy; he is weighed down and darkened by his non-acceptance of the internal tragedy of life, of Golgotha; there is a relief and freedom in the acceptance of the Cross and the pain and suffering it entails.
	www.cjd.org /paper/roots/rberdyae.html (1233 words)

	Frigatezine- Lives: A Conversation with Louise Bourgeois
		Bourgeois: "'The Lairs' are a conscious view of the outside world where you are trapped.
		In the early works of Louise Bourgeois there is a disconnection, a disparity between the "given" facades and the hidden aspects of the self that cannot find expression.
		Bourgeois: "In the 'Femme-Maison' the child was entrapped and at the end, forty years later — the 'Maisons Fragiles' — they are fragile but they are free-standing.
	www.frigatezine.com /essay/lives/eli02bou.html (1725 words)

	New Page 2
		Bourgeois is the 31st U.S. serviceman to die in and around Afghanistan since the war on terrorism began Oct. 7.
		Bourgeois' parents, Tom and Mae Bourgeois, moved to Virginia about two years ago to be closer to the family, which now includes their grandchild, Matthew Jr., born 7 months ago.
		Bourgeois, a 35-year-old chief petty officer, was killed Wednesday night when he apparently stepped on a suspected land mine during training near the U.S. base in Kandahar, Afghanistan.
	elticitl.tripod.com /bourgeosiskia.htm (2797 words)

	Loise Bourgeois: Curator's Intro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Known for the boldness and physicality of her sculpture, Bourgeois, in these works, reveals her masterful ability to command emotions even with the most modest means.
		Bourgeois explores the formal properties of various media-ink, watercolor, pencil, crayon, gouache-while capturing fleeting images drawn largely from childhood memories.
		Throughout the 1940s, Bourgeois also produced a series of images inspired by the landscape of the Creuse region of central France, a terrain she remembers from her childhood as "deserted and sterile." In these drawings, the repetitive patterns of fl ink lines suggest the striation of rock mountains or the desiccated rills of waterless soil.
	www.bampfa.berkeley.edu /exhibits/bourgeois/lrintro.html (1147 words)

	Glossary of Terms: Bo
		Bourgeois Society is the social formation in which the commodity relation – the relation of buying and selling – has spread into every corner of life.
		The producing class in bourgeois society is the proletariat, a class of people who have nothing to sell but their capacity to work; since all the means of production belong to the bourgeoisie, workers have no choice but to offer their labour-power for sale to the bourgeoisie.
		Those who own only their own ability to labor, the proletariat, are free to sell themselves to any bourgeois who will buy their labor power, for the benefit of maintaining their own survival, and giving greater strength and power to the bourgeoisie.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/b/o.htm (822 words)

	Bahai Louis Bourgeois
		Bourgeois reworked the design and submitted it to the newly formed Bahai Temple Unity Executive Board in 1909 when that body was reviewing designs by a number of people.
		Bourgeois' final design envisioned an exterior which shaded from granite-gray steps to a pure white dome and featured elaborate cast-bronze window grills and entrance doors.
		Bourgeois died in August 1930, leaving a large body of drawings some of which were used as the basis for the completion of the Wilmette building during the following decades.
	www.h-net.org /~bahai/notes/bourgeoi.htm (1198 words)

	LOUISE BOURGEOIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Louise Bourgeois left France in the 1930s and moved to America, where she frequented the art crowd of 1940s New York.
		She once said, "I had the feeling that the art scene belonged to the men, and that I was in some way invading their domain.
		Bourgeois' version replaces the woman's head with a house, the symbol of Western domesticity.
	www.albany.edu /museum/wwwmuseum/crossing/artist3.htm (149 words)

	ArtForum: Louise Bourgeois - Brooklyn Museum, New York, New York
		But the reasons for Bourgeois' significance given by the show's curator and selected catalogue essayists were often at odds with the evidence of the art--what we saw and what we were told to see in Bourgeois' art didn't match up.
		The formal variety of Bourgeois' work is sufficient to suggest it was made by more than one artist, yet the persistence of certain motifs, and an overarching mood pitched between longing and dread, reinforces the impression of a signature style.
		I would even suggest that Bourgeois is influential among installation- and "body"-oriented artists today precisely because she so forcefully transmits the legacy of Surrealism, which is, perhaps surprisingly, the most potent of historical avant-gardes among the current generation of artists.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0268/is_n1_v33/ai_16107195 (1217 words)

	NMWA \| Private Collection \| Profile - Louise Bourgeois
		Bourgeois was born in Paris and started helping as a child in the family's tapestry-restoration workshop.
		Quickly seeing that the school was too conservative for her taste, Bourgeois spent three years studying privately with various artists.
		Bourgeois says she creates art to externalize, examine, and thus control her own emotions.
	www.nmwa.org /collection/Profile.asp?LinkID=100 (340 words)

	Artist Profile - Louise Bourgeois, Contemporary Sculptor
		Louise Bourgeois is a contemporary sculptor who was born in France in 1911, and moved to New York city in 1938.
		Bourgeois' work is powerful, and truly conveys, visually, her message.
		The following links have images of Bourgeois' work, and they also have excellent accompanying essays - please look at many the images of her work, since each piece is so different, to get a full sense of the range and power of her work.
	www.ndoylefineart.com /bourgeois.html (576 words)

	Art Journal: Louise Bourgeois's retroactive politics of gender
		Bourgeois displayed, for instance, La Nausee, by Jean Paul Sartre, who was seen as the philosopher of the French Resistance, and who, like so many French existentialists, was on the Left.(2) Some people in the exhibition, like Louis Aragon and Picasso, were actually Communist.
		Between the end of World War II and the hearings that preceded her United States citizenship in 1950 ("in the time of the Dondero trouble"),(10) Bourgeois produced, with both tenderness and parody, drawings, prints, paintings, and sculpture whose images oscillated, not between the politics of Right and Left, but between vulnerability and an aggressive machismo.
		As Bourgeois noted later of her knife-shaped female torso, Femme Couteau (1969-70; collection of Jerry and Emily Spiegel, New York), "it symbolizes women who are afraid of men--so they imitate men.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0425/is_n4_v53/ai_16548156 (1158 words)

	Léon Bourgeois - Biography
		Chairman of the French delegation to the first Hague Peace Conference in 1899, Bourgeois presided over the Third Commission, which dealt with international arbitration, and, together with the chairmen of the British and American delegations, was responsible for the success of the proposal adopted by the Conference to establish a Permanent Court of Arbitration.
		In 1907, Bourgeois represented his country at the second Hague Peace Conference where he served as chairman of the First Commission on questions relating to arbitration, boards of inquiry, and pacific settlement of disputes.
		The culmination of Bourgeois' career came in 1920 when he assumed the presidency of the French Senate, was unanimously elected the first president of the Council of the League of Nations, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
	nobelprize.org /peace/laureates/1920/bourgeois-bio.html (1090 words)

	Louise Bourgeois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Louise Bourgeois was born in France, but her career developed mostly in New York.
		The commission could be seen as a typical arrangement of curatorial diplomacy -American, yet European: but the installations by Bourgeois, whatever the reasons of choice, do seem to fulfil the promise of this enlightened decision.
		In future years, it may be a hard act to follow, given these massive spaces, and the manner in which the ageing genius has filled them, and with what child-like wonderment.
	www.studio-international.co.uk /sculpture/bourgeois.htm (289 words)

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