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Topic: Bourgeois tragedies

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	Bourgeois tragedy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bourgeois Tragedy (German: Bürgerliches Trauerspiel) is a form of tragedy, which developed in 18th century Europe.
		It was a fruit of the enlightenment and the emergence of the bourgeois class and its ideals.
		Bourgeois tragedies tend to propagate the values of the bourgeois class to which their heroes belong.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bourgeois_tragedy (486 words)

	Boulder Weekly \| NewsandViews \| NewsSpin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bourgeois was ordained as a priest in the Maryknoll holy order in 1972 and was given another chance to travel.
		Bourgeois discovered that SOA graduates were implicated in thousands of murders and throughout Latin America, including the brutal slaughter in 1981 at El Mozote, where the entire population of the village, including children, infants and pregnant women, were tortured and killed.
		In remembrance of SOA victims, Bourgeois led a memorial march to the gates on the anniversary of the Nov. 16 slayings.
	www.boulderweekly.com /archive/031402/newsspin.html (3363 words)

	SOA Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bourgeois was first arrested when he staged a protest after reading a 1983 newspaper item that hundreds of soldiers from El Salvador were being brought to the US for training at the academy.
		Bourgeois had witnessed the brutality of Latin American militaries first-hand, and had been deeply shocked by the rape and murder of four Ursuline nuns, two of them his friends, at the hands of the military in El Salvador in 1980.
		Bourgeois and the others were dragged down, beaten, arrested and charged with trespassing and impersonating army officers, and sent to jail for 18 months.
	www.soaw.org /new/article.php?id=624 (3838 words)

	drama, Western. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Even the nine tragedies of the philosopher and statesman Seneca are gloomy and lurid, emphasizing the sensational aspects of Greek myth; they are noted primarily for their inflated rhetoric.
		The great tragedies of Pierre Corneille, although classical in their grandeur and in their concern with noble characters, are decidedly of the Renaissance in their exaltation of man’s ability, by force of will, to transcend adverse circumstances.
		This period is marked by sensationalism and rhetoric in tragedy, as in the works of John Webster and Thomas Middleton, spectacle in the form of the masque, and a gradual turn to polished wit in comedy, begun by Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher and furthered by James Shirley.
	www.bartleby.com /65/dr/drama-We.html (4431 words)

	History Department at Binghamton University
		The nobility and wealthy bourgeois occupied the elevated loges on the sides of the theatre.
		While the Crown was mainly concerned with the policing and censorship of the theatre, bourgeois dramatists made a more direct attempt to influence the thinking and behavior of their audiences.
		Advocates of the bourgeois drama viewed the theatre as an ideal didactic medium for representing the illusion of an alternate universe in which morality was rewarded and good ultimately triumphed.
	history.binghamton.edu /resources/bjoh/stagepolitics.htm (3010 words)

	Jospeh Freeman's Introduction to PROLETARIAN LITERATURE IN THE UNITED STATES
		It is better for the poet honestly to describe his real experiences, his doubts and inner conflicts, and the external circumstances which brought him to the revolutionary movement, than to fake his feelings by rehashing and corrupting political manifestoes which we prefer to read in their original form.
		Brandes himself was a bourgeois radical; he extolled the idea of nationalism, of patriotism to the bourgeois fatherland; he defended not only the right but the duty of the poet to adhere to the bourgeois party and to celebrate it in verse.
		Similarly, bourgeois critics once demanded political poetry in the interests of the progressive bourgeoisie; today they repudiate political poetry because it is in the interests of the proletariat.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/a_f/freeman/prolit.htm (8340 words)

	THE LEARNED LADIES
		Nevertheless, the bourgeois continued to mimic upper class lifestyles as much as their finances, their social constrictions, and the laws governing class divisions allowed.
		Bourgeois boys were sent to petites coles for their primary education.
		Bourgeois girls were generally not permitted to attend the boys' petites coles, and therefore, were sent to convent schools.
	www.courttheatre.org /home/plays/9900/learned/PNlearned.shtml (8539 words)

	Albania 1997: The Proletariat Confronts the Bourgeois State - ICG \| libcom.org
		The bourgeois opposition, which took up arms against the government, with the aim of directing them principally against the proletariat, used the fight against chaos and economic disorganisation to present itself as the only valid alternative, that is the unique alternative capable of feeding proletarians.
		It is the bourgeois opposition which, in so far as the proletariat was not able to give the revolt its own objectives, had breathed into the movement the limiting demand for the dismissal of President Berisha, channelling the movement of struggle against the State into a bourgeois policy of replacing one government by another.
		Another bourgeois polarisation that the journalists have put forward to explain the difference in the strength of the movement in the South and in the North is to divide the people of Albania into two big ethnicities: the GuÃ¨gues in the North and the Tosques in the South (22).
	libcom.org /library/albania-1997-class-struggle-icg (20387 words)

	Forward interviews Khasro Saya
		The bourgeois pro-state academics and intelligentsia shape the views and beliefs of the Western Right by distorting the progressive human philosophy so that certain philosophical beliefs that emanate from the very modern Western society dominate.
		In sharp contrast to these views, we believe that anti-imperialism emanates from the fact that imperialism is the very capitalism of the monopoly and bourgeois reaction era which is built on the basis of the waged-labour system and exploitation of workers.
		Political Islam is an extreme and fanatic anti-communist, anti-human bourgeois movement which has come to the fore under the banner of Islam to save the capitalist system after the capital booming period ended and after nationalism and national capitalism in the Eastern countries reached a crisis.
	www.wpiraq.net /english/2004/xisro290604.htm (1292 words)

	British Perspectives 2006 - Part One
		The social tragedies they leave in their wake serve to expose the true nature of the capitalist system and its cold calculating cruelty.
		These tragedies may not be directly caused by the profit system, yet they are reminders of the damage being done to the planet by the senile short-sightedness of capitalism.
		Bourgeois economists are now drawing parallels between the current situation and the early 1970s when rising oil prices served to provoke the first real world slump since the second world war.
	www.socialist.net /content/view/2400/31 (9512 words)

	Neorealist Authors: Moravia
		And if in 1929 he had chosen the characters and the historical-social environment of the bourgeois fascist society, now he moves his investigation on the Italian neocapitalistic middle class of the second post-war period.
		The novel could appear almost pornographic, but the first impression is denied by the human and existential tragedy that matures through the sexual relationship, felt as the only desperate mean of communication in an alienated society by the money and the comfort.
		The prostitute a character-type, an example of alienated humanity, incapable to establish social relationships, over the sexual relationships; an example of person overpowered by the mystifying values of the bourgeois society; the discovery and the revelation of a modern loneliness that it is expression of an impossibility to communicate with the others.
	library.thinkquest.org /28490/data/inglese/autori/moravia.htm (2948 words)

	Northvegr - Honor in German Literature
		In fact it is the nobility that induces the tragedy by jeopardizing the commoners' honor.
		His fear of shame first makes her resolve to marry Leonhard, even after he boasts of many dishonorable deeds, such as making love to the mayor's hunchbacked daughter just before the selection of a new town cashier and getting the rival candidate, the parson's nephew, drunk on the day of the examination.
		In the opening lines of the story, in fact even in his choice of a title, Keller says that his plot is the eternally recurring theme of unfortunate young lovers whose love is thwarted by the hostility of their parents.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/honor/028.php (2904 words)

	EXISTENTIALISM - Georg Lukács -Translated from the German by Henry F. Mins
		In this way there arose the logical myth of a world (in splendid accord with the attitude of bourgeois intellectuals) independent of consciousness, although its structure and characteristics are said to be determined by the individual consciousness.
		A great writer weaves these tragic destinies, which are as vivid and positive as were the tragedies of Oedipus and Hamlet in their day.
		With the help of the complicated method of phenomenology, he lodges the entire problem in the fetishized structure of the bourgeois mind, in the dreary hopeless nihilism and pessimism of the intellectuals of the interval between the two world wars.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /lukacs02.htm (6829 words)

	Term paper on Moby Dick V/S Madame Bovary
		Tragedy is not only a literary and theatrical practice, but also constitutes an object of contemplation, which has served as an intellectual touchstone for many philosophers and artists.
		The tragedies of the novel are based on these relationships, especially the relationship of Emma to herself, to the men in her life, and to the peripheral characters in her life such as her daughter, Berthe, Monsieur Lheureux, the proprietor of the local dry-goods store, and Justin, the pharmacist's assistant.
		The bourgeois are characterized by being educated and wealthy but unlike the aristocrats, they earned their money through hard work and kept it through frugality.
	www.termpapergenie.com /MadameBovary.html (1171 words)

	The Harbinger. Editorial - November 16, 1999.
		Bourgeois speaks of the poverty in Latin America and how the land is concentrated in the hands of a small group, the oligarchy.
		Bourgeois continues to hack at the leaves of the tree, when the problems in Latin America require someone to strike at the root.
		Bourgeois, and his small group of followers out to close a U.S. Army School that has a proven record of promoting democracy, human rights and military professionalism.
	www.theharbinger.org /xviii/991116/editorial.html (2221 words)

	Seminar: Recent Representative Article
		Bourgeois tragedy (Lessing) had criticized feudalism, its vices and excesses, by contrasting the superficial city life and its nobility-oriented pleasure-seeking with the morally superior country life and its middle-class-oriented focus on family, friends, and closeness to nature.
		While the Prince in Lessing's Emilia Galotti is attracted by the beautiful image of the bourgeois women and to the value system she stands for, Treuberg seems to be influenced by the middle-class system of erotic love as it was created in literature.
		By avoiding the catastrophes of famous bourgeois tragedies of the Sturm und Drang such as Wagner's Die Kindsmörderin and Schiller's Kabale und Liebe and ending instead in marriage, Ehrmann's play leaves the audience to contemplate this particular union and create their own model for marriage.
	www.humanities.ualberta.ca /seminar/article.htm (7930 words)

	الحزب الشيوعي ...
		In Arab countries and the Middle East, political Islam is one of the alternatives of the right-wing current in society aims to restructure bourgeois power in opposition to the left and the working class.
		The presence of political Islam in any region is the source of reaction, tragedies, terror and a blind antagonism to freedom and the civil rights of the masses in general and women in particular.
		The Islamic groups and thugs in Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan are the source of terrorism, insecurity, tragedies and fear for the masses.
	www.wpiraq.net /english/party10203.htm (744 words)

	Haines Brown, The only difference between Communism and Fascism
		This suggests the context of modern fascism is the bourgeois state.
		The bourgeois state created a political commonwealth that at best protected the rights and personal security of its citizens and created a safe arena for their interaction and the manifestation of their private interests.
		Marxists should not reject in principle these political commonwealths out of hand, but aim rather to transcend them with something that is better—that not only protects the individual, ensures social reproduction, but also encourages a social development of the individual (which capitalism does not even claim to do).
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/27/072.html (1535 words)

	French 2330: French Literature in Translation 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chatterton (1835) is a tragedy in prose and in three acts (in contrast to the neoclassical tragedy written in verse and in five acts).
		Neoclassical theater, based on Antique tragedy, was already losing favor in the eighteenth century, and a few dramatists (Denis Diderot, Michel Jean Sedaine, Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais) developed a new genre, the bourgeois drama, in the hope of revitalizing tragic theater.
		Like bourgeois drama, it focused on ordinary people caught in the throes of contemporary dilemmas, but the décor was far more elaborate and the plays more suspenseful and theatrical.
	cdis.missouri.edu /previews/2187/lesson01.htm (5585 words)

	Illuminations: Kellner
		Utopian surplus generally appears when a class is rising: the ascending class criticizes the previous order and projects a wealth of proposals for social change, as when the bourgeoisie attacked the feudal order for its lack of individual freedom, rights, democracy, and class mobility.
		Bourgeois critiques of feudalism proliferated, as did revolutionary proposals for a new society.
		Certain aspects of the bourgeois revolutions, for instance, were never realized and contain a surplus of critical and emancipatory potential that can be used to criticize bourgeois society on the grounds that it was not realizing its own potentials.
	www.uta.edu /huma/illuminations/kell1.htm (6081 words)

	Kursk - Why This Latest Tragedy?
		The latest tragedy is that of the Russian submarine Kursk, sinking to the bottom of the icy Barents Sea with 118 Russian crew members dying an agonizing death.
		The tie-in between the present Russian bourgeois government and the Mafia is excellently analyzed and detailed in the book that was written by a Zionist oriented writer, called "The Russian Mafia".
		According to all reports emanating from Moscow, the leaders of the Church feel that praying for the victims of this callous tragedy shall be enough of consolation for the bereaved families.
	www.northstarcompass.org /nsc0009/Kursk.htm (726 words)

	flaubert
		The bourgeois ladies of Pont-l’Evêque are not at issue in the story nor, it may be argued, is Mme Aubain beyond giving Félicité a place to live and allowing the story line to move forward.
		The reader learns that her father died by falling off a scaffold and that after the death of her mother she and her sisters were dispersed among families in the countryside.
		Her tragedies are simply experiences, not subjects of meditation or instruction.
	members.cox.net /juliencarriere/essays/Flaubert.htm (3893 words)

	150kosalka.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kosovo is only the most recent of the tragedies that have emanated from a brutal exclusionist nationalism.
		The physical area of this discourse was such institutions as coffeehouses and early bourgeois journals and newspapers.
		The bourgeois public sphere was able to engage in effective communication because of the relative limited size of the class, the high level of education, and a relative homogeneity of class interests.
	www.uwm.edu /~wash/150kosalka.htm (3460 words)

	MATERIALISM AND IMAGINATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Early on in the development of capitalist modernity the bourgeois public sphere imposed itself as the dominant institution for the mediation of social conflict as well as the foundational modality for socialization of individuals and groups.
		But whereas Bourgeois thought and institutions do this at the level of the nation-state, the Marxist party does it at the level of the multitude, insofar as it is incarnated by the different sectors of the working class (industrial proletariat, peasantry, lumpenproletariat, etc…).
		Whereas the subject of the bourgeois public sphere had had to be constructed as an individual property owner founded on a unitary relationship to scientific truth, ethical duty, and aesthetic judgment in order to justify modern capitalist sovereignty, the subjects of the consumerist public must be differentiated in order to identify and intensify their desires.
	www.africanphilosophy.com /issue2/veroli.html (15455 words)

	The Hoopla500 - 06/17/01: Cry if I Want To
		There is this certain waspy, bourgeois sensibility that says some things are too unpleasant to discuss at full volume, and certainly not in public.
		The caveats being horrible tragedies involving heroic children, or events so life changing and inspirational we all can not help but step back in awe, a la Lance Armstrong.
		There is a level of discomfort, which starts at hangnails and goes all the way through emergency appendectomies which is common lexicon, things that bind you to your best friend's cousin who had the same thing happen to him.
	www.harpold.com /500/paddock/00000017.html (727 words)

	Shakespeare: A Marxist Interpretation
		Marlowe was the first to develop the heroic tragedy, the tragedy of a powerful individual whose passions and grandiose struggles encompass and unite all the action.
		Bourgeois themes are not to be found in any of the books, nor in the work of the great painters of the time.
		Bourgeois scholars are unanimous in their opinion that Shakespeare "despised and hated" the masses, that he depicted them as a dart, dangerous, unstable force.
	www.marxists.org /subject/art/lit_crit/works/shakes.htm (21297 words)

	Marxism and Psychoanalysis – Notes on Wilhelm Reich’s Life and Works
		He explored and exposed the relationships between sexual life and bourgeois morality, then proceeded to address in the same fashion the connection between bourgeois morality itself and the social and economic structures that produced and influenced it.
		Reich wrote that bourgeois sexual repression and its subconscious influences were the main causes of neuroses.
		The very existence of matrimony as an institution of bourgeois society prohibits any possibility of solving the consequences of a morality based on repression, whether those consequences are psychological (such as various neuroses and sexual disorders), or physical (for example, abortion).
	www.marxist.com /scienceandtech/psychoanalysis_reich.htm (4889 words)

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