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Topic: Bovid

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	Bovid : Bovidae
		A bovid is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae.
		The family is widespread, being native to all continents except Australia and Antarctica, and diverse: members include buffalo, bison, antelopes, gazelles, and both wild and domesticated cattle, sheep, goats, and water buffalo.
		Because of the size and weight of their complex digestive systems, many bovids have a solid, stocky build; the more gracile members of the family tend to have more selective diets, and be browsers[?] rather than grazers[?].
	www.findword.org /bo/bovidae.html (735 words)

	ADW: Bovidae: Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bovid horns are made up of a permanent bony core covered with a layer of keratin, which is never shed.
		Bovids are unguligrade, walking on hoofs, and with their weight evenly distributed on two toes on each foot (paraxonic).
		Bovids are found in a wide variety of habitats, from arctic tundras to deep tropical forests.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Bovidae.html (642 words)

	Australian Museum - Cow-a-Bungle
		Scientists believed the horns belonged to some sort of bovid (cattle, goats etc.), yet its taxonomic status has remained controversial as no living specimens have ever been found.
		Evidence from DNA that the mysterious ‘linh duong’ (Pseudonovibos spiralis) is not a new bovid.
		The enigmatic new Indochinese bovid, Pseudonovibos spiralis: an extraordinary forgery.
	www.austmus.gov.au /archive.cfm?id=1130 (486 words)

	GeoZoo's Bovid Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bovids are the artiodactyls closest to our hearts, for they include domestic cattle, sheep, and goats, as well as Asia’s domestic yak and water buffalo.
		Bovids have four stomach chambers and are ruminating, similar to deer and giraffes.
		Bovids are commonly lumped into groups with common names, such as oxen, sheep, goats, and antelope.
	www.geobop.com /mammals/art/bov/2.php (485 words)

	Comparative Placentation
		The evolutionary relationships of various bovid taxa were described with cytochrome b mtDNA data by Hassanin and Douzery (1999) and Matthee and Robinson (1999).
		Since both species have the same chromosome number, the sterility may be due to the different sizes and shapes of chromosomes from putative inversions, as detailed in the latter contribution.
		Gallagher and Womack (1992) also studied the translocations of many bovid species, including the greater kudu and suggested that speciation may have been the result of translocation with subsequent isolation of resultant karyotypically rearranged individuals (see also Wurster et al., 1972).
	medicine.ucsd.edu /cpa/eland.htm (1512 words)

	WWF Indochina Programme
		The long-horned bovid is known as “sao la” (which means “spinning wheel post,” referring to the similarity between the animal’s pointed horns and the posts of the local spinning wheels) in Nghe An province.
		Dung et al (1993) proposed a new genus name, Pseudoryx, to reflect the animal’s superficial similarity to the African and Arabian oryxes, and the specific name, nghetinhensis was applied provisionally to reflect its origin from Nghe Tinh (original name for the combined provinces of Nghe An and Ha Tinh).
		The discovery of the long-horned bovid is a significant event in the history of mammalogy.
	www.wwfindochina.org /conservation/species/saola.htm (643 words)

	A bubaline-derived satellite DNA probe uncovers generic affinities of gaur with other bovids
		The importance of its differential organization in establishing genetic relationship amongst bovid’s group of animals is discussed.
		Detection of multiple bands of varying lengths amongst different bovids indicates sequence variation within the pDS5 repeats which is a common phenomenon of this type of satellite fraction (unpublished results).
		In buffalo samples, a reduced level of DNA polymorphism is seen that is confined to the higher molecular weight regions whereas in gaur males and cattle, the polymorphism is seen in the lower molecular weight regions.
	www.ias.ac.in /jbiosci/september1999/article6.htm (2453 words)

	ENAMEL MINERALIZATION AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF PALEOENVIRONMENTS: NEW EVIDENCE FROM HIGH RESOLUTION CARBON ISOTOPE ...
		Diet was changed in the tenth month of the animal’s life and the switch was recorded in the bovid’s second molar.
		Six horizontal segments were sliced perpendicular to the growth axis from the top to the mid-height of the crown.
		Although it is very unlikely that any microsampling strategy will perfectly isolate discrete time slices, future research should focus on the innermost enamel because this zone is more heavily mineralized during the first stage of mineralization and should therefore optimize the time resolution of the samples.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_80264.htm (508 words)

	The Vu Quang Bovid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Vu Quang bovid (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) was originally discovered as hunters' trophies found by a joint survey team from the Vietnamese Ministry of Forestry and the World Wide Fund for Nature working in the Vu Quang Nature Reserve in May 1992.
		In this paper Thomas carries out a morphological study of the skull and dentition of one of the hunting trophies and concludes that the animal is more closely related to the Asian goats (Caprinae), in contrast to the molecular data which placed the animal in the Bovinae.
		It seems that three Vu Quang bovid (or Sao La as it is known locally) calves have been brought into captivity but all died with 'intestinal problems'.
	www.genetics.gla.ac.uk /level2/2b/vqbov.htm (704 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In a story broken by the Vietnam News on Wednesday, a calf and its mother of an unclassified mammal species known locally as "Tuoa," belonging to the Bovid family, were spotted near the village of A Luoi by a group of five local hunters last December (1994).
		Despite the lack of detailed study on the captured Tuoa, Prof Duc feels the morphology of the specimen is different enough from any other Bovid species known in the region to label it a major find.
		Duc, is that the morphology on this one is so different, including the incisors and some basic changes that are very different from all the other Bovids." If DNA matching proves the Tuoa a new species, it would be the third identitied in the last three years, an occurrence, according to Mr.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /~vern/wild-trade/docs/duc95-vn.txt (539 words)

	bovid -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Bovids are cud-chewing, grazing, or browsing animals found most often in grasslands, scrublands, or deserts, though some species occupy habitats such as mountains, forests, or swamps.
		Bovids occur in both the Eastern and Western…
		Preorbital glands, immediately in front of the eyes, are present in the giant forest hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni), in all cervids except the roe deer, and, among the bovids, in duikers, many neotragines, gazelles and their allies, and the hartebeest group.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9016000?tocId=9016000 (423 words)

	Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first fossil hominid tooth recovered during 1999 excavations from the Cisanca River region in West Java, Indonesia, was associated with a series of bovid teeth from a single individual that was recovered 190 cm beneath the hominid tooth.
		The age of the fossil bovid teeth was determined using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis as part of an effort to bracket the age of the hominid tooth.
		However, the age estimate reported here is likely an underestimate of the actual age of deposition since evidence of heating was detected in the EPR spectra of the bovid teeth, and the heating may have caused a decrease in the intensity of EPR components on which the age calculation is based.
	www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=838101 (232 words)

	Hyperimmune Egg Patents: United States Patent # 4,748,018
		577,804, is claimed a method of passive immunization of a mammal which comprises parenterally injecting a purified heterologous antibody obtained from the milk of a bovid, which bovid has been immunized against an antigenic substance, and wherein the mammal has a history of consumption of milk from such domesticated bovid.
		In the same application is also disclosed a method of passive immunization of a mammal which comprises parenterally injecting a purified heterologous antibody obtained from the eggs of a domesticated fowl, which species has been immunized against an antigenic substance, and wherein the mammal has a history of consumption of eggs from such domesticated fowl.
		(b) antibody purified from the milk of a bovid immunized against said antigen.
	www.hyperimmuneegg.org /patents/4,748,018.htm (543 words)

	Bovid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The largest bovids weigh well over a ton and stand 2 metres high at the shoulder; the smallest weigh about 3 kg and stand no taller than a large domestic cat.
		All members of the family are herbivorous and have a four-chambered stomach which allows most of them to digest foods that are too low in nutriment for many other animals, notably grasses.
		The family is known through fossil records from the early Miocene.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Bovid (529 words)

	Veterinary Softwares for animals and pets
		The software which took over a decade of intense labour to develop was designed with the aim of satisfying much of the criteria for good veterinary software.
		Canid, as the name goes is relevant for the companion animal practitioner treating dogs while Bovid is relevant for the dairy practitioner and has been developed under the watchful eye of Prof.
		Although both Canid and Bovid would be considered by some as software that is relatively old, their utility in the therapeutic and diagnostic arena remains ever new.
	www.petspourri.com /trends02.htm (1441 words)

	Africa on the Matrix: The Smaller Antelope
		Antelope belong to the bovid family, which also includes buffalo, cattle, sheep and goats.
		All antelope are herbivores (plant eaters), even-toed ungulates (hooved animals) and ruminants (animals with four-chambered stomachs that chew the cud – in other words they regurgitate their food and rechew it as part of the digestive process.).
		Featured on this page are dwarf antelopes (such as dik-diks, steenboks and klipspringers), the duikers, gazelles (such as Grant's gazelles, Thomson's gazelles, springboks and gerenuks) and impala.
	www.on-the-matrix.com /africa/small_antelope.asp (515 words)

	American Antiquity: Intertaxonomic variability in patterns of bone density and the differential representation of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Intertaxonomic variability in patterns of bone density and the differential representation of bovid, cervid, and equid elements in the archaeological record.
		However, the possibility that they also may result from preservational bias must be addressed before behavioral attributes of human hunters may be inferred.
		For example, at many archaeological sites, the remains of equids exhibit a different pattern of skeletal element representation than those of bovids and cervids.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:54895670&refid=holomed_1 (240 words)

	Amazon.com: East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part C : Bovids (East African Mammals): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Kingdon's remarkable seven-volume masterwork on East African mammals concludes with two volumes on the bovids, placing them in a broad comparative, ecological, and evolutionary context.
		In addition to the stunning, lifelike drawings that are an integral part of the text, the volumes include a reappraisal of bovid taxonomy and original analyses of the form and function of body shape and size, horn shape, coat pattern, and tooth structure.
		other tragelaphines, necked duikers, bovid evolution, other duikers, pigmy antelope, neotragine antelopes, duiker species, annulated horns, mountain reedbuck, southern reedbuck, facial glands, main forest block, preorbital glands, more exposed habitats, bovid species, male bushbuck, bush duiker, forest buffaloes, bohor reedbuck, horn wrestling, forest duikers, territorial grounds, pedal glands, dung deposits, bovid horns
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0226437248?v=glance (1251 words)

	A new species of living bovid from Vietnam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The specimens are distinct in appearance, morphology and DNA sequence and cannot be ascribed to any known genus.
		Only two bovid genera are known from this part of Asia, Bos and Naemorhedus = Capricornis
		Moreover, the bovids (cattle, goats and antelopes) are a mammal family of great value to mankind.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/363443a0 (354 words)

	North American Bovid Hunting - 11-06-2005
		hunting north american bovid hunting - hunting north american bovid hunting
		Find an Outfitter by selecting a Game Species, then scroll down and select either "Time of Year" or "Destination" as your next criteria and click on the "Search" button.
		hunting north american bovid hunting North American Bovid Hunting hunting, north, american, bovid, hunting
	www.bluewaterbiggame.com /game/north_american_bovids.cfm (130 words)

	Hyperimmune Egg Patents
		The invention is a method of preventing, countering or reducing chronic gastrointestinal disorders or NSAID-induced gastrointestinal damage in a subject more...
		Method Of Passive Immunization Of Mammals Using Avian And/Or Bovid Antibody And Compositions For Same
		Protein Antibody Composition Derived From Bovid Milk And Avian Egg
	www.hyperimmuneegg.org /patents (1501 words)

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