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Topic: Bovine somatotropin

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	Bovine somatotropin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bovine somatotropin (bST), or bovine growth hormone (BGH), is a protein hormone that occurs naturally in the pituitary gland of cattle.
		Bovine somatotropin is naturally in the milk extracted from a cow.
		Somatotropin and somatropin both refer to growth hormone (GH), a protein hormone produced by the mammalian anterior pituitary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bovine_Growth_Hormone (1243 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Somatotropins, for purposes of this specification, includes somatotropin proteins having naturally-occurring sequences, analogs and homologs of the naturally- occurring protein having somatotropin-like bioactivity, i.e., they bind to somatotropin receptors in the animal with affinity great enough to enhance juvenile growth rate, lactation and/or feed efficiency.
		Somatotropins also include variants of the naturally-occurring somatotropin that have been lengthened, shortened, substituted and/or fused to another protein, provided that such variants are subject to solubilization and/or naturation according to the inventive process.
		The recombinant somatotropin, generally in the form of inclusion bodies, may also be recovered from the host cell culture by conventional techniques that disrupt the cell so as to release the inclusion bodies, and thereupon the inclusion bodies may be collected as a pellet by differential centrifugation.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/29433.980709&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4952 words)

	Overview of review of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rbST) by Health Canada
		Bovine Somatotropin (bST) is a naturally-occurring protein in all cattle.
		Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rbST) is a veterinary drug, produced through biotechnology, which is not approved for use in Canada and has been under review in Health Canada for the past nine years.
		Bovine Somatotropin (bST), also known as bovine growth hormone (BGH), is a naturally-occurring protein produced by the pituitary gland in all cattle.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /ahc-asc/media/nr-cp/1998/1998_75bk2_e.html (774 words)

	776. Bovine somatotropins (WHO Food Additives Series 31)
		BOVINE SOMATOTROPINS First draft prepared by Dr M.A. Miller Center for Veterinary Medicine Food and Drug Administration Rockville, Maryland, USA 1.
		Bovine somatotropin was not detected in the plasma of any of the rats following two weeks of oral administration.
		Because human and bovine IGF-I are structurally identical, the role of dietary IGF-I on the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated in several studies which showed that IGF-I is degraded by digestive enzymes, is present in human saliva and digestive juices, and is not active in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v31je08.htm (5877 words)

	The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program: Bovine Somatotropin
		Bovine somatotropin differs in structure from human pituitary growth hormone and is biologically inactive in the human being.
		Bovine milk, however, is higher in protein and lower in carbohydrate content than human milk; the fat content is approximately the same in both.
		Concentrations of bovine growth hormone in cows' milk and human growth hormone in human milk are both approximately 1 ng/ml (one part per billion).
	consensus.nih.gov /1990/1990BovineSomatotropinta007html.htm (3350 words)

	Bovine Somatotropin bST
		Bovine somatotropin is a growth hormone found in cattle.
		Bovine somatotropin, abbreviated as bST, is a protein hormone produced in cattle by the pituitary gland located at the base of the animals brain.
		There was no effect, probably because the bovine somatotropin protein molecule differs from human somatotropin (human growth hormone) by about 30 percent of the amino acid sequences.
	www.biotech.iastate.edu /biotech_info_series/Bovine_Somatotropin.html (4481 words)

	AgBioForum 8(1): The Impact of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin on Dairy Farm Profits: A Switching Regression Analysis
		Profit impact from the use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on dairy farms was estimated using switching regression, with separate regressions for rbST-using and rbST-nonusing farms.
		This recombinant-produced bovine somatotropin (rbST) can be injected into the dairy cow to augment her naturally produced hormone, enhancing milk production but also requiring additional feed and other inputs to achieve increased production.
		Stefanides, Z., & Tauer, L.W. The empirical impact of bovine somatotropin on a group of New York dairy farms.
	www.agbioforum.missouri.edu /v8n1/v8n1a05-tauer.htm (3680 words)

	[No title]
		Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Somatotropin; Abomasum; Infusion; Casein; Nitrogen; Retention; Protein requirement; Immunoglobulins; Growth Abstract: The effects of bovine somatotropin (bST) administration and abomasal protein infusion on nitrogen metabolism were investigated using four abomasally-cannulated Holstein steers in a 4 X 4 Latin square design.
		Somatotropin treatment increased the biological value of absorbed N, which was consistent with reductions in plasma urea nitrogen.
		Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Somatotropin; Dosage effects; Insulin-like growth factor; Growth; Performance; Carcass composition; Blood serum Abstract: One hundred twenty crossbred beef steers averaging 377 kg were used in a 2 X 4 factorial experiment to determine the dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) implants on growth performance and carcass characteristics.
	netvet.wustl.edu /species/cows/qb9410.txt (9465 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bovine somatotropin, or BST, is a compound that you may have been hearing about in the news recently.
		BST, sometimes called bovine growth hormone, is a protein that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to administer to dairy cows for the purpose of increasing milk production.
		Because somatotropin is a protein, it must be administered by injection.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /meatscience/column/bst.htm (446 words)

	Potential Public Health Impacts Of The Use Of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin In Dairy Production-Part 1
		The task of assessing the safety of widespread commercial use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) is far more complex and difficult than assessments of most food additive safety questions.
		JECFA previously concluded, and data published in 1986 demonstrated that, while human and bovine growth hormones differ by up to 35% in their amino acid sequences, human and cow IGF-I are identical (Honegger and Humbel, 1986).
		Since casein levels in bovine milk average 25-40 mg/ml, the experiment suggests that bovine milk has enough casein to partially or fully protect IGF-I from digestion in the stomach, enabling it to pass into the small and large intestine, where it might have a local stimulatory effect on epithelial cells.
	www.consumersunion.org /pub/1997/09/002272print.html (8167 words)

	Growth hormone mRNA expression in the pituitary of Bos indicus and Bos taurus x Bos indicus crossbred young bulls ...
		The effects of breed and of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) treatment on growth hormone gene expression were studied in young bulls.
		In this context the somatotropic axis, which is composed of the pituitary growth hormone (GH or somatotropin), its receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factors (IGF), IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), plays an essential role in postnatal growth regulation, especially in nutrient utilization.
		Sequence variations of the region involved in bovine GH gene regulation have also been reported, with Hecht and Geldermann (1996) identifying six variable nucleotide sites in the 5’-flanking region, some of them potentially binding sites for trans-acting factors possibly involved in genetic expression.
	www.funpecrp.com.br /gmr/year2002/vol4-1/gmr0036_full_text.htm (3023 words)

	Bgh track lighting Bgh
		Because of protein homology, bovine growth hormone (GH) cross-reacts with the receptors of prolactin and placental lactogen—two hormones that stimulate mammary tissue to produce more milk.
		Somatotropin and somatropin both refer to growth hormone (GH), a protein hormone produced by the mammalian pituitary.
		Monsanto developed a synthetic version of bST, known as recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST), which goes by the brand name Posilac®.
	www.find-ask.com /Encyclopedia/Bgh/Bgh.html (656 words)

	Bovine somatotropin: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A protein (in greek = first element) is a complex, high molecular weight organic compound that consists...
		(bovine growth hormone (GH) cross-reacts with the receptors of prolactin and placental lactogen—two hormones that stimulate mammary tissue to produce more milk.
		Somatotropin and somatropin both refer to growth hormone growth hormone quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bo/bovine_somatotropin.htm (1390 words)

	Bovine Somatotropin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		So it is that you might see some attention given to an activist, without scientific or medical standing, who claims in his self-published book that milk is loaded with a myriad of negative substances — many of his objections being focused on the use of synthetic bovine growth hormone.
		Somatotropin is a naturally occurring protein hormone that regulates growth and lactation and is produced by the pituitary gland in both man and animals
		cows that have not been treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin.
	www.dairymax.org /bovine.htm (1267 words)

	Potential Public Health Impacts Of The Use Of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin In Dairy Production-Part 2-References
		Insulin-like growth factors I and II in fetal and adult bovine serum--purification, primary structures, and immunological cross-reactivities.
		Rekombinant bovint somatotropin: Synpunkter på informations-och djurhälsoetik (Recombinant bovine somatotropin: Ethics of communication and animal welfare).
		Responses of lactating cows in commercial dairy herds to recombinant bovine somatotropin.
	www.consumersunion.org /pub/1997/09/002273print.html (1443 words)

	Dining on DNA Sample Lesson
		Somatotropin is a mammalian hormone produced in the anterior pituitary gland beneath the brain.
		Insufficient somatotropin production in humans leads to dwarfism, but medically advanced countries do not have a problem with dwarfism because babies diagnosed for insufficient somatotropin production may be treated with human somatotropin injections.
		Somatotropin is not orally active, so it is administered directly into the circulatory system.
	www.accessexcellence.org /RC/AB/BA/DODpub/dodles1o.html (254 words)

	924. Recombinant bovine somatotropins (WHO Food Additives Series 41)
		EXPLANATION The four analogues of bovine somatotropins, somagrebove, sometribove, somavubove, and somidobove, that are produced by recombinant DNA techniques were evaluated by the Committee at its fortieth meeting (Annex 1, reference 104).
		The difference is due to the fact that the binding protein with affinity for IGF-I competes with the antibody used in the RIA procedure; however, gel filtration removes the hormone that is extensively dissociated by the acid common to both assays.
		2.3.2 Effect of bovine somatotropin on the expression of retroviruses Concern has been expressed that the immunomodulatory effect of bST might affect retroviral expression in treated animals and thus cause resurgence of latent retroviral and lentiviral infections in the ruminant population and the presence of these viruses in somatic cells in milk.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v041je11.htm (7281 words)

	DSpace at Cornell University: Item 1813/2483
		The commercial use of bovine somatotropin to increase commercial milk production is a very controversial topic.
		Cows in bovine somatotropin treatment groups had no increased incidence of ketosis or milk fever.
		Bovine somatotropin treated animals, like genetically superior high producing cows, had an increased mobilization of body reserves to support increased milk production and reduced reproductive performance.
	hdl.handle.net /1813/2483 (183 words)

	Report on the Food and Drug Administration's Review of the Safety of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin
		This study demonstrated a dose-dependent increased weight gain in hypophysectomized rats administered bovine somatotropin at doses of 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/kg/day for up to 9 days by subcutaneous injection.
		Subcutaneous administration of bovine somatotropin to hypophysectomized rats resulted in a modest increase in serum antibodies to rbGH by the end of the study (day 9) coupled with measurable plasma levels of bovine somatotropin by radioimmunoassay.
		Oral administration resulted in no detectable levels of bovine somatotropin in the blood while there was a detectable production of antibodies.
	www.fda.gov /cvm/RBRPTFNL.htm (3401 words)

	AgBioForum 4(2): The Estimated Profit Impact Of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin
		Data from New York dairy farms for the years 1994 through 1997 were used to estimate whether recombinant bovine Somatotropin (rbST) generated profits for adopters.
		This recombinant-produced bovine Somatotropin can then be injected into the dairy cow to augment her naturally produced levels of this hormone, enhancing milk production, but requiring additional feed and other inputs to increase milk production.
		Tauer, L.W. The estimated profit impact of recombinant bovine somatotropin on New York dairy farms for the years 1994 through 1997.
	www.agbioforum.org /v4n2/v4n2a06-tauer.htm (2556 words)

	Effects of Whole Cottonseed Diet and Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin on Ovarian Follicles in Lactating Dairy Cows -- ...
		Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (Sometribove) on ovarian function in lactating and nonlactating dairy cows.
		Immunohistochemical and nucleic acid analysis of somatotropin receptor populations in the bovine ovary.
		Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin on luteinizing hormone and ovarian function in lactating dairy cows.
	www.dairy-science.org /cgi/content/full/85/11/2823 (4047 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bovine somatotropin is a protein hormone produced in the pituitary gland that is important for growth and development in all the animal species.
		Bovine somatotropin use can be very expensive to give to cattle because scientists had to extract it from slaughtered cattle.
		Bovine Somatotropin will still be researched on and serve as a significant factor in agriculture biotechnology by commercial farms.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~lfischer/scienfic_artical.html (679 words)

	EXTOXNET FAQs- Is milk from bST-treated cows safe for human consumption? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bovine somatotropin, whether recombinant or natural, has no biological effect on humans.
		Bovine growth hormone, when injected in large quantities, had no effect.
		Bovine somatotropin is broken down, like all proteins that are ingested, into common amino acids.
	extoxnet.orst.edu /faqs/biotec/bstsaf.htm (190 words)

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