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Topic: Box girder bridge

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	Bridge - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A bridge is a structure built to span a gorge, valley, road, railroad track, river, body of water, or any other physical obstacle.
		A bridge is usually designed for trains, pedestrian or road traffic, a pipeline or waterway for water transport or barge traffic.
		An aqueduct is a bridge that carries water, resembling a viaduct.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /bridge.htm (596 words)

	Box girder bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A box girder bridge is a bridge commonly used for roadway flyovers and for modern elevated structures of light rail transport.
		The later method is often used in situation where access for construction is limited to times of light traffic, which may be detoured around the work area using only a limited number of lanes.
		Single box girder bridge (steel), flyover above eastern approach of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Box_girder_bridge (261 words)

	Bridge Types - Girder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A log across a creek is an example of a girder bridge in its simplest form.
		A box girder is much the same as an I-beam girder except that, obviously, it takes the shape of a box.
		Box girders, being more stable are also able to span greater distances and are often used for longer spans, where I-beams would not be sufficiently strong or stable.
	www.matsuo-bridge.co.jp /english/bridges/basics/girder.shtm (323 words)

	LUSAS enables the assessment of a major box girder bridge
		In one such example, an assessment of Raith Bridge by Scott Wilson Scotland Ltd, had identified that the pier and abutment diaphragms of the box girders did not comply with the geometric requirements of the bridge assessment code BD 56/96, so an in-depth analysis using LUSAS Bridge was carried out.
		Raith Bridge carries the 6 lane, M74 motorway across the River Clyde and comprises two, three span, twin steel box girder bridges with an in-situ concrete deck.
		A twin box model was used to examine the way live load applied over one box was distributed between the two boxes.
	www.lusas.com /case/bridge/raith.html (748 words)

	Expedited Concrete Box Girder Bridge Removals Over the Interstate in One-Night Interstate Closures
		Bridge was removed the night of April 13, 2002, using a mechanical, cutting/shearing method of removal.
		Two-foot square openings were cut in the deck to allow access into the box girders to remove wooden forms that were left in place during construction (Attachments 1 and 2).
		Attachment B is a typical cross-section of a concrete box girder showing the tracks of the excavator remaining over the girders.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /BRIDGE/iowademo.htm (5952 words)

	Illustration Of Roof Girder Truss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		timber joinery 33 0.16% girder truss 33 0.16% insulating a...
		of untreated wood a truss bridge should be covered with a roof and enclosed...
		Girder 1420 (1); Bridging beam 1429 (2); Joists (1...
	www.best-for-roofing.com /OPG/illustration-of-roof-girder-truss.html (446 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - box girder
		The key structure in the California Water Project, Oroville Dam and Power Plant on the Feather River north of Sacramento, was selected by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) as the outstanding civil engineering achievement for 1969.
		Box, common name for a family of plants (Spurge).
		Common box is native to southern Europe and parts of Asia.
	encarta.msn.com /box+girder.html (178 words)

	GIRDER - Definition
		{Lattice girder}, a girder consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal crossing bars.
		{Half-lattice girder}, a girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a series of triangles.
		{Sandwich girder}, a girder consisting of two parallel wooden beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together by iron bolts.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/girder (134 words)

	Bridge Research Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In a skew girder, the strands are debonded to the obtuse corner and the skewed end is conventionally reinforced with mild reinforcing.
		Bridge monitoring has and will continue through the service life of the bridge and the effect of traffic and environment on these areas will be analyzed.
		In highway bridge construction, spread footing foundations for support of bridge abutments and piers may have been the appropriate foundation type for many of the bridges that have been designed to be supported by pile pile foundations.
	www.dot.state.oh.us /se/research.htm (8937 words)

	Externally Post-Tensioned Box-Girder Bridge
		The Veterans Memorial Bridge is a 9440 ft. structure crossing the Veterans Memorial on State Highway 87, located in Jefferson County near Port Arthur, Texas.
		The bridge consists of conventional slab and girder construction on the approaches with a precast concrete box cable-stay main unit over the river crossing.
		During the routine biennial inspection of the Veterans Memorial Bridge in 1995, cracking was observed by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) inspectors on the inside and side faces of the anchorage zone pier diaphragm of both spans of the main cable-stay unit.
	www.wdpa.com /posttension.html (239 words)

	[No title]
		The usual types of bridges were not economical for long spans because of the rapid increase in the ratio of dead load to total design load as the span lengths increased.
		Structural thickness definition The thickness of the box girder bridge is specified at some or all of the key points of the structure and then interpolated using cubic splines or lower order functions this results in smooth structure shapes.
		Moreover, the box girder bridge thickness is also interpolated from the key points to the nodal points using cubic splines.
	www.civag.unimelb.edu.au /ejse/Archives/Fulltext/200301/01/20030101.doc (4527 words)

	FREET-applications/examples
		The single span bridge located in Vienna was assessed by Pukl et al.
		It is a fully post-tensioned box-girder bridge made of 18 segments with lengths of 2.485 m each.
		The total length of the bridge is 44.60 m, the width 6.40 m and the height 2.10 m.
	www.freet.cz /app_vienna.html (159 words)

	Heinere Ah-Sha Review on Horizontally Curved Bridges for REU 1999 at UAB Structural Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Dynamic nonlinear analyses to simulate movement of bearing damaged curved bridge along with a parametric study to examine the dynamic characteristics of curved bridges were reported, and a formulation for estimating the girder length on a pier for curved bearings was presented.
		The static properties of curved bridges are discussed by comparing the response of a stiff girder with that of a spatial funicular system consisting of two cables.
		Therefore, for curved bridges it may be inaccurate to obtain the dynamic load allowance based on the first flexural frequency and it is necessary to carry out a two dimensional analysis in order to identify the possible modes of excitation.
	www.eng.uab.edu /cee/REU_NSF99/lite_heinere.htm (4611 words)

	Box Girder
		Stiffening of plates, boxes and tubes to prevent buckling is achieved by the addition of flanges and diaphragms.
		During construction, box girders often act as cantilevers, and with cranes at the extremities they are subjected to large bending moments at the piers.
		The streamlined box enabled the designers to achieve a narrow, light structure which was rigid enough to resist torsional and flexural oscillation, and at the same time avoiding the conversion of wind energy into oscillation energy.
	www.brantacan.co.uk /box_girder.htm (2173 words)

	LUSAS Bridge Case Study Index
		LUSAS Bridge is used by engineers worldwide for all types of bridge design from simple slab deck bridges, composite and integral bridges and bow-string arch bridges, through to box girder, cable stayed and suspension bridges.
		It is also used routinely for all types of "architectural" bridges with slender or curved shapes, especially where dynamic loading is important.
		Buckling assessment of a steel girder bridge for 40 tonne lorries
	www.lusas.com /case/bridge (646 words)

	Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Box girder suspension bridge (center span 600 m).
		Box girder suspension bridge (center span 1020 m).
		Box girder suspension bridge (center span 1030 m).
	www.rpi.edu /~brawi/frame_ft_jbt/bridgepic21.htm (477 words)

	Confederation bridge, confederation bridge pei, confederation bridge canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Confederation Bridge is indeed a tribute to the Atlantic Provinces.
		Borden-Carleton Bridges and Dams: Bridges and Dams in Borden-Carleton...
		Confederation Bridge is a 13 km crossing from New Brunswick to Prince Edward Island,...
	www.lookgames.net /confederation-bridge.html (1310 words)

	Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering
		Herman, Reagan S. and Todd A. Helwig, "Box Girder Research and Field Investigations," 2004 FHWA Steel Bridge Conference, Curved Girder Bridge Design Workshop, San Antonio, TX, December 15, 2004.
		Herman, Reagan S. and Todd A. Helwig, "Steel Box Girder Bridge with Skewed Support: Field and FEA Results," Presentation to the American Society of Civil Engineers Texas Section Spring Meeting, South Padre, TX, April 23, 2004.
		Herman, Reagan S., "Steel Compression Flange of Composite Trapezoidal Box Girders," Presentation to Structures Seminar, The University of Texas at Austin, March 1999.
	www.egr.uh.edu /cive/faculty/herman?e=presentations (338 words)

	Ohio DOT Structures Research Document Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The girders in a semi-integral bridge are encased in a diaphragm supported on elastomeric lads that bear on the abutment.
		The bridge was subjected to various controlled damage and retrofit scenarios such as: Removal of expansion joints and bumper angles at abutments, removal and restoration of a sliding bearing, incremental cuts along a girder bottom flange, web cuts in several stages, cross frame cuts and a deck delamination.
		The bridge in question is a 2 lane, 6 span, 650-feet (198.250 m) steel stringer bridge with reinforced concrete deck, built in 1963.
	www.dot.state.oh.us /research/Structures.htm (4189 words)

	Polymorf - Knowhere - Box girder bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		in bridges that have a curve to them, such as freeway overpasses and clover leafs.
		Box girders are also called orthotropic beams because they can resist
		The inherent stability of the box girder is
	www.polymorf.net /engineer40.htm (189 words)

	Methods
		During construction of this large prestressed concrete box girder bridge we designed a sequence of erecting, dismantling and re-erecting four tower cranes at a total of nine different locations.
		We acted as liaison between the site and the UK consultant to manage changes to the foundation design when piles were driven out of position and to check the effects of early removal of parts of the falsework.
		Approximately 6 km of box girder viaducts were constructed by pre-cast segmental balanced cantilever techniques.
	www.ellisdesign.co.uk /METHODS.htm (485 words)

	Bridge Engineering Services
		We have designed a myriad of bridges including small, single-span creek crossings to large multi-span crossings, pedestrian overcrossings, complex interchanges, and railroad grade separations.
		Feasibility Study and full PSandE for the rehabilitation of the abutments and steel girders of this 25 foot long and 460 foot wide simple-span, steel girder bridge, supported on unreinforced rock masonry walls.
		The new bridge is a 3-span, cast-in-place, post-tensioned concrete box girder, 444 feet long and 33 feet wide.
	www.mroengineers.com /bridge.html (412 words)

	British 'Firsts'
		The bridge was the world's first iron bridge, and is one of the first and most striking products of the Industrial Revolution in Britain.
		The bridge was the world's first example of a large iron suspension bridge.
		1848 The box girder, forming a closed tube, was first used in the tubular Conwy bridge in 1848 and then in the Britannia tubular bridge over the Menai Straits 1850, which established the superiority of wrought iron over cast iron.
	www.fatbadgers.co.uk /Britain/firsts.htm (6864 words)

	Composite Box Girder Bridge Behavior During Construction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Steel-concrete composite box girder bridges may have a flexible open box section prior to the placement of the slab.
		Bracing systems are usually installed within the girder during construction to increase the torsional and distortional stiffness of the open section.
		The influence of these bracing systems on open box behavior is discussed using finite strip analysis results and a one-quarter scale girder model test data.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?8500417 (162 words)

	Contents and Abstracts of Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering 1992/3
		The measurement and control of the reaction forces of a three-span 114.5 meter long reinforced concrete box girder bridge built by incremental launching is reviewed.
		Using the complex lifting and measuring system it was possible to determine the effective dead load of the bridge during the lifting at eight points.
		By means of the observed alteration of the reactions suitable to the different values and combinations of the vertical displacements it was possible to calculate the proper vertical position of the bearings answering the designed reaction forces.
	www.pp.bme.hu /ci/1992_3/ci1992_3.html (1372 words)

	Box Girder Bridge Diaphragms with Openings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The diaphragms considered in this study are of the type frequently met in box girder bridges supported on single slender piers.
		The outside loads are assumed to be transmitted from the bridge main girders to the inclined (or vertical) surfaces of the diaphragms in the form of uniform shearing forces.
		Three locations are considered for the prestressing forces applied to resist the tensile stresses and forces due to load.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?5014314 (173 words)

	Bridge Evaluation
		WDP has provided specialized services on some of the most notable bridges in the United States, including the most heavily traveled bridge in New England and the longest span bridge in Texas.
		Through the use of its broad-based knowledge and expertise in cable-stay, post-tensioned, plate- and box-girder, heavy-rail aerial transit, and masonry arch bridges, WDP has developed innovative solutions to resolve strength, serviceability and deterioration problems, saving federal and state agencies millions of dollars in construction repair costs.
		WDP has provided services for bridges under construction and for existing bridges to owners, consultants and contractors.
	www.wdpa.com /bridge.html (115 words)

	Finite Element Analysis engineering - FEA of a composite box girder bridge
		A composite box girder bridge is composed of a an open steel box girder attached to a top concrete deck.
		The open steel box girder is made of two 4 ft deep by 1/2 in thick web plates welded to a common bottom flange plate (3ft wide by 1/2 in thick) and two top plates one for each web (1 ft wide by 1/2 in thick).
		An 8 inch thick concrete slab is attached to the top box flanges through shear connnectors, so that the two systems (slab and box) acts compositely.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=34690 (328 words)

	Photos of recent bridge cranes
		25 ton double girder bridge crane crane being installed by Ace associates in Charlotte, NC.
		30 ton 80 foot span top running individual drive class D bridge crane with inverter drives on all motions being assembled and tested in our shop prior to shipment and installation.
		50 ton 70 foot span class D double box girder bridge crane with bogie end trucks, inverter drives on the bridge and trolley being assembled for testing in our plant before shipment to the customer and installation by our crew.
	www.aceindustries.com /brcranephotos.htm (160 words)

	Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering
		Herman, R. Li, and T.A. Helwig, "Trapezoidal Box Girder Bridge Bracing: Results from Field Monitoring and FEA," Proceedings of the 2005 American Society of Civil Engineers Structures Congress, New York, April 20-24, 2005.
		Helwig, Todd, Reagan Herman, and Chong Zhou, "Lean-On Bracing for Steel Bridge Girders with Skewed Supports," Proceedings of the 2005 Structural Stability Research Council Annual Conference, Montreal, Canada, April 6-9, 2005.
		Herman, Reagan S. and Todd A. Helwig, "Steel Box Girder Bridge with Skewed Support: Field and FEA Results," Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers Texas Section Spring Meeting, South Padre, TX, April 23, 2004.
	www.egr.uh.edu /cive/faculty/herman?e=publications (424 words)

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