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	Boxer Rebellion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Boxer activity developed in Shandong province in March 1898, in response to both foreign influence in the region and the failure of the Imperial court's "self-strengthening" strategy of officially-directed development, whose shortcomings had been shown graphically by China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895).
		The United States was able to play a significant role in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion because of the large number of American ships and troops deployed in the Philippines as a result of the U.S. conquest of the islands during the Spanish American War (1898) and the subsequent Philippine-American War.
		Though the reaction of the Boxers against foreign imperialism in China is regarded by some as patriotic, the violence that they caused in committing acts of murder, robbery, vandalism and arson cannot be considered much different from the events of other rebellions in China, if not worse.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boxer_Rebellion (2720 words)

	Boxer Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Boxer Rebellion (simplified :义和团起义 traditional :義和團起義, Pinyin : Yìhétuán Qǐyì) was an uprisingagainst Western commercial and political influence in China during the final years of the 19th century.
		Boxer activity began in northern Shandong in March 1898, with the slogan "Overthrow theQing, destroy the foreigner".
		The court's humiliating failure to defend China against the foreign powers contributed to the growth of republican feeling,which was to culminate a decade later in the dynasty's overthrow and the establishment of the Republic of China.
	www.therfcc.org /boxer-rebellion-27306.html (708 words)

	boxer - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about boxer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A boxer is usually brown, often with white markings, but may be fawn or brindled.
		In 1900 the Boxer Rebellion was instigated by the empress Zi Xi and thousands of Chinese Christian converts and missionaries were murdered.
		For instance, the name given to the runner or boxer, who is so called in virtue of an inborn capacity, is not derived from that of any quality; for lob those capacities have no name assigned to them.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /boxer (243 words)

	Boxer Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		After a mauling at the hands of Imperial troops in October 1899 the Boxers dropped their anti-court slogans their attention to foreign missionaries and their whom they saw as agents of foreign colonialist influence.
		On September 7 1901 the Qing court was compelled to the "Boxer Protocol" undertaking to execute ten linked to the outbreak and to pay war reparations of $333 million.
		The court's humiliating failure to defend China the foreign powers contributed to the growth republican feeling which was to culminate a later in the dynasty's overthrow and the of the Republic of China.
	www.freeglossary.com /Boxer_Rebellion (1122 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Boxer Rebellion
		The Boxers finally fell to an international force, with British general Gaselee acting as the commanding officer, the Eight-Nation Alliance, eventually numbering 54,000: Japanese (20,840), Russian (13,150), British (12,020), French (3,520), American (3,420), German (900), Italian (80), Austro-Hungarian (75), and anti-Boxer Chinese troops, which captured Tianjin on July 14 and Beijing on August 14.
		The Treaty of 1901, more commonly known as Boxer Protocol or Peace Agreement between the Great Powers and China, is a peace treaty signed in 1901 between the Qing Empire of China and the eight nation alliance: the United Kingdom, the USA, Japan, Russia, France, Germany, Italy, Austro-Hungary, Belgium...
		The Boxer Rebellion (simplified: 义和团起义 traditional: 義和團起義, Pinyin: Yìhétuán Qǐyì) was an uprising against Western commercial and political influence in China during the final years of the 19th century.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Boxer-Rebellion (6801 words)

	Boxer Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Between 1898 and 1899 the Boxers began to emerge from the undreground and began preaching in the open.
		The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901, negotiated by the Great Powers with China, included provisions for a fortified legation quarter, foreign garrisons along the Tientsin-Peking railway, and a large indemnity.
		China emerged from the Boxer Uprising with a greatly increased debt and was, in effect, a subject nation.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Camp/7624/BoxerRebellion.htm (1241 words)

	THE BOXER UPRISING 1899 - 1900 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Boxer schemed to conceal their real activities and knowing the aversion of the Government to all secret societies, the leaders were careful to profess great loyalty towards the Throne, and adopted as their motto the saying 'Exalt the dynasty and destroy the foreigners'.
		With the conclusion of the Boxer Protocol, China's national rights were further violated, in that the terms of the protocol interfered with China's internal administration and also her national defences.
		The Boxer Uprising was a blow to China's world prestige, especially after coming so quickly upon her defeat by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-5, which had placed her as being second amongst the Asian powers.
	www.russojapanesewar.com /boxers.html (4296 words)

	template for the others
		Yet, there are some aspects of the boxer cause that could be called nationalistic, not least the simple desire to ‘expel the foreigners,’ and we must consider how these are shown in areas of the war itself.
		In a question about mixed motives for the boxer war, arguably the most interesting period to consider is that after mid August and the arrival of the relief force.
		The Boxer Protocol put a huge and ultimately impossible burden on the Qing government directly leading to its fall a little over a decade later, and the beginning of a new era for China.
	jolo.jmk.su.se /students/global04/other/national/boxerwar.htm (976 words)

	The Boxer Rebellion
		The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising against Western commercial and political influence in China during the final years of the 19th century.
		The uprising was concentrated in north-eastern China where the European powers had begun to demand territorial, railroad and mining concessions.
		The movement's emergence was a response to both foreign penetration and the failure of the Imperial court's "self-strengthening" strategy of officially-directed development, whose shortcomings had been shown graphically in China's defeat by Japan in 1895.
	www.francesfarmersrevenge.com /stuff/archive/oldnews4/boxerrebellion.htm (591 words)

	CONSEQUENCES
		The Boxer Protocol of 1901 demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt that the Qing dynasty was very weak and that Chinese society in general was backward and in desperate need of both technological and methodological improvement.
		This was not a resurgence of Boxerism but it did mark a change in the ways that the Boxers were used as a historical myth in that they were now being saluted as heroes to the Chinese progressive cause rather than examples of Chinese backwardness.
		Perhaps if the Boxers had been more enlightened and politically aware, they might have shared these sentiments, but instead attacked the person of the foreigner as this was the closest they could get to attacking the regime which was the arguable source of their grievances.
	www.bris.ac.uk /Depts/History/Projects/Boxers/nation.htm (1905 words)

	Gale - eNewsletters - CurricuLinks - Around the World
		Boxer Rebellion, an antiforeign uprising in China by members of a secret society beginning in June 1900.
		On June 17 the Boxers began a siege of the legations in Peking.
		The Boxer protocol finally fixed the indemnity at $333 million, provided for the punishment of guilty Chinese officials, and permitted the major nations to maintain legation guards at Peking and between the capital and the sea.
	www.gale.com /enewsletters/curriculinks/2003_09/sec_boxerreb.htm (192 words)

	NARA - Prologue - Prologue: Selected Articles
		As Boxer activity spread to several provinces, provincial leaders and the Chinese imperial court were inconsistent in their stances.
		Several reports related to marines in the Boxer Rebellion may be found in Record Group 127, entry 26, "Reports Relating to Engagements of Marine Corps Personnel in the Philippines and China, 1899-1901," and Record Group 80, General Records of the Department of the Navy, 1798-1947, entry 19, File #6320.
		Contemporary accounts of the Boxer Rebellion can be found in the published annual reports of the Secretary of the Navy, Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the War Department for 1900 and 1901.
	www.archives.gov /publications/prologue/1999/winter/boxer-rebellion-1.html (3808 words)

	Ch'ing China: The Boxer Rebellion
		Under the Boxer Protocol, European powers got the right to maintain military forces in the capital, thus placing the imperial government more or less under arrest.
		The Protocols suspended the civil service examination, demanded a huge indemnity to be paid to European powers for the losses they had suffered, and required government officials to be prosecuted for their role in the rebellion.
		In 1901, the education system was reformed to allow the admission of girls and the curriculum was changed from the study of the Classics and Confucian studies to the study of Western mathematics, science, engineering, and geography.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CHING/BOXER.HTM (770 words)

	The Boxer Rebellion, 1898-1900: A Window to Chinese Revisionist History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Boxer movement, grounded in the mysteries of secret societies and superhuman feats of both mind and body by self-proclaimed "Spirit Soldiers," rocked the Chinese countryside in the closing years of the nineteenth century.
		The Boxer Rebellion ended in defeat in 1900 with the signing of the Boxer protocol on September 7 of that year.
		However, the Boxer Rebellion was to enjoy another period of great fame almost seventy years after the signing of the Boxer protocol, during the Cultural Revolution.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Jesse/htmlexamples/h46/china/boxers/boxers22.html (1969 words)

	Free Essay on Thr Boxer Rebellion
		The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising, which initially aimed to expel all “foreign devils” from China and ultimately became an important movement contributing to the overthrow of the imperial Qing Dynasty, ending two and a half centuries of Qing rule and two thousand years of imperial rule based on Confucian traditions.
		The Boxer Rebellion was brought to a defeat, as the Western response was swift and severe.
		The humiliation of the Boxer Protocols set China on new course of reform that was necessary for the Qing government to regain control and to survive, as failure of the rebellion was associated with the government.
	www.freeforessays.com /show_essay/44305.html (381 words)

	Boxer Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Boxer Rebellion (simplified : 义和团起义 traditional : 義和團起義 Pinyin : Yìhétuán Qǐyì) was an uprising against Western commercial and political influence in China during the final years of the 19th century.
		Boxer activity began in northern Shandong in 1898 with the slogan "Overthrow the Qing the foreigner".
		Missionaries from the U.S., they are caught up in the Boxer Rebellion of 1900, and do not survive it.
	www.freeglossary.com /Boxer_rebellion (1122 words)

	Boxer-Protokoll vom 7. September 1901
		The Chinese Government has agreed that the quarter occupied by the Legations shall be considered as one specially reserved for their use and placed under their exclusive control, in which Chinese shall not have the right to reside, and which may be made defensible.
		In the Protocol annexed to the letter of the 16th January, 1901, China recognized the right of each Power to maintain a permanent guard in the said quarter for the defence of its Legation.
		The Chinese Government conceded the right to the Powers in the Protocol annexed to the letter of the i6th January, 1901, to occupy certain points, to be determined by an Agreement between them for the maintenance of open communication between the capital and the sea.
	www.china1900.info /ereignisse/boxerprotokoll.htm (1606 words)

	Protocol 1901
		The role of the Boxers in Sino-foreign relations had by this time reduced as many abandoned the battle to return to their normal lives.
		The terms of the protocol resulted in alterations to the Manchu-Chinese imperial court and represented an assault on imperial sovereignty which contributed to the demise of Qing Kingship.
		To some, the Boxer movement represented the intensity of Chinese resentment of the foreign presence, military invasions forcefully opened ports of trade and established foreign concessions on Chinese soil, treaties controlled tariff duties and ‘spheres of influence’ appeared to sub-divide the nation.
	www.bris.ac.uk /Depts/History/Projects/Boxers/protocol.htm (1760 words)

	Boxer Rebellion - Gurupedia
		The Boxer Rebellion (simplified: 义和团起义 traditional: 義和團起義, Pinyin: Yìhétuán Qǐyì) was an uprising against Western commercial and political influence in
		Guangxu Emperor sought to improve the central administration, before the process was reversed at the behest of his powerful aunt, the Empress Dowager Cixi.
		The court's humiliating failure to defend China against the foreign powers contributed to the growth of republican feeling, which was to culminate a decade later in the dynasty's overthrow and the establishment of the
	www.gurupedia.com /b/bo/boxer_rebellion.htm (703 words)

	Has George W. Ever Heard of the Boxer Rebellion? (Let’s Hope So)
		In June of 1900, the Boxers laid siege to the foreign legation district of Beijing.
		Foreign soldiers committed war crimes, critics of the Protocol argue, and earlier acts of imperialist aggression had sown the seeds for the Boxer Rebellion by impinging on China's national sovereignty.
		This piece was distributed for non-exclusive use by the History News Service, an informal syndicate of professional historians who seek to improve the public's understanding of current events by setting these events in their historical contexts.
	hnn.us /articles/238.html (824 words)

	The Boxer Bonds
		The Boxers’ main area of activity was northeast China, from Shantung to the Peking region (now Beijing), although sympathisers caused trouble elsewhere.
		The climax of the rebellion was an attack on Peking in 1900, when a Boxer army, helped by some Imperial troops, besieged the diplomatic quarter.
		Although the majority of the Boxer indemnity was to pay for damage and losses caused to foreign interests during the rebellion, a part related to funds for building the embankments of the Whangpu and Peiho rivers.
	www.booneshares.com /TheBoxerBonds.htm (707 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| China honours the Boxers with grisly pictures
		The protocol, which allowed Britain and its allies to turn a string of coastal cities, including Shanghai, into de facto colonies, is just one of a string of "bitter insults" still drummed into the heads of children at Chinese schools.
		Such incidents as the Opium Wars, the cession of Hong Kong and the sacking of the Summer Palace in Beijing are dim memories in Britain.
		The Boxers, followers of a secret society which taught that foreigners were baby-eating devils, have long been whitewashed in Communist propaganda as heroic early revolutionaries.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/09/08/wbox08.xml (320 words)

	LA Weekly
		In the longer version, Boxer had asked Rice for "a candid discussion," to account for discrepancies between her words and the president's, her words and her other words, her words and the facts as documented in reports by Charles Duelfer and the 9/11 commission.
		And so Boxer's request that Rice account for these discrepancies served only one purpose: To establish for the committee, and for the world, that Rice is a liar.
		As well it deserved to be impugned: In the words of Hans Blix, "It took much twisted evidence, including a forged uranium contract, to conjure up a revived Iraqi nuclear threat, even one that was somewhat distant," and yet there was Rice in the run-up to the war, talking about mushroom clouds.
	www.laweekly.com /ink/05/10/news-lewis.php (774 words)

	friendly printed version:Child Soldiers Treaty Enters into Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		On February 12, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict entered into force.
		Senator Barbara Boxer (D-CA) was joined by Assistant Secretary of State and former U.S. Ambassador to Uganda, Michael Southwick, in calling for prompt ratification of the Protocol.
		Senator Boxer announced that a hearing on the Protocol is scheduled for February 26, 2002.
	www.cdi.org /friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=572 (477 words)

	Boxer Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Emperor Kuang Hsi did so to apologize to the nation for the disaster that visited upon China in the Boxer Rebellion of 1900.
		France Silva was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Boxer Rebellion in China.
		Comparing saddles to underwear, my heavy western saddle was like a pair of boxer shorts...
	www.wikiverse.org /boxer-rebellion (860 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Boxer rebellion
		Image File history File links Download high resolution version (744x1002, 654 KB) A pamphlet that promotes the Boxers during the Boxer Rebellion in China, circa 1899.
		Company of Boxers, Tien-Tsin, China (photograph: The Whiting View Company, 1901) Source: Library of Congress LoC description: The Opium Wars and Boxer Rebellion were violent products of nineteenth-century contact between China and the West.
		Buffy the Vampire Slayer was an American television series loosely based on the 1992 movie of the same name.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Boxer-rebellion (6796 words)

	Agreement between China and the Foreign Powers
		Anti-foreignism and rejection of Western ideas had manifested themselves throughout the second half of the 19th century in China both at the official level and by the general population.
		A hasty attempt by the foreign military contingent sent from Tientsin to lift the siege was repulsed and not until mid-August did a large Allied force representing 9 European nations as well as the U.S. and Japan enter Peking to raise the siege and exact fierce reprisals of plunder and killing.
		The chastened and contrite imperial court was forced to accept the heavy indemnity and other terms imposed by the powers in the Boxer protocol of Sep. 7, 1901.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob26.html (2042 words)

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