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Topic: Brachial plexus injuries

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	Brachial Plexus Injuries Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
		The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that conducts signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand.
		The severity of a brachial plexus injury is determined by the type of damage done to the nerves.
		The prognosis for a brachial plexus injury is dependent on the severity of the injury.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm (546 words)

	Brachial Plexus Palsy, New York Birth Injury Attorney, NY Medical Malpractice Lawyer, Erbs Palsy
		Brachial Plexus Palsy occurs when the brachial plexus, a network of nerves emerging from the spinal cord, is damaged.
		Since the brachial plexus conducts signals from the spine, through the neck, across the shoulders, along the arms, into the hand and ultimately, to the fingers tips, when it is damaged a limp arm can result.
		In cases of brachial plexus palsy the upper part of the brachial plexus is involved.
	www.oshmanlaw.com /medicalmalpractice/brachialplexuspalsy.html (487 words)

	Brachial plexus Summary
		The brachial plexus is a neural plexus (a grouping and branching of nerves) located deep in the neck, shoulder, and maxilla region that is responsible for the proper innervation and control of the muscles of the shoulder, upper chest, and arms (upper limbs).
		Injuries to the radial nerve that branches from the brachial plexus, injuries commonly associated with injuries to the humerus bone of the arm, often develop into an excessive or permanent flexion of the wrist or flaccid wrist drop.
		The brachial plexus is susceptible to injuries that produce abduction of the thoracic limb from the body wall or a direct blow to the lateral surface of the scapula.
	www.bookrags.com /Brachial_plexus (1988 words)

	Evaluating Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries
		A brachial plexus and resultant upper extremity injury due to a difficult birth is one of the most common injuries during the birthing process.
		Approximately 75% of birth-related brachial plexus injuries involve the 5th-7th cervical nerve roots, including the upper and middle trunks of the plexus, and are clinically recognized as an "Erb’s palsy".
		Patients with injuries to the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves due to all types of trauma are able to benefit from this approach by receiving comprehensive medical, surgical and psychosocial options throughout their ongoing evaluation.
	www.neurosurgery.pitt.edu /brachialplexus/evaluatingbp.html (2212 words)

	Brachial Plexis Lawyers and Attorneys
		The term "brachial" refers to the arm, and the term "plexus" means "nerves." The brachial plexus, a group of nerves, is located on the right and left side of the neck, between the neck and shoulder area and runs from the spinal cord through the arm to the wrist and hand.
		Brachial Plexus Injuries, including Erb's Palsy, are treated with a combination of exercise, focused therapy and, in many cases, surgery to correct the damaged nerves.
		Brachial plexus injuries may result from shoulder dystocia and is one of the most common groupings of birth injuries.
	www.injurylawyerfinder.com /brachial_plexus.htm (997 words)

	Brachial Plexus Injury
		Brachial Plexus Injury / Erb's Palsy The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by fibers which are located between the shoulder and the neck.
		Ninety percent of brachial plexus injuries in children are caused by a traumatic stretching of the plexus during birth.
		Brachial Plexus Reconstruction A comprehensive facility for evaluation and treatment of all disorders of the upper extremity due to traumatic or birth-related brachial plexus injuries.
	www.doctorpage.com /findit/Diseases_and_Conditions/Brachial_Plexus_Injury/index.htm (153 words)

	Klumpkes Palsy Brachial Plexus Palsy Erbs Palsy
		Brachial plexus palsy is caused by damage to the network of nerves that run from the spinal cord across the shoulder and down the arms to the tips of the fingers.
		Injury to the nerves of the brachial plexus which control the muscles of the shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist, hand and fingers can result in full to partial paralysis of one or both arms.
		Brachial plexus injuries mainly occur during birth as a result of excessive traction or force being applied to the infant's head during delivery.
	www.hospitalnegligence.co.uk /brachial_plexus_birth_injury.html (509 words)

	ASSH \| Brachial Plexus Injury
		The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originate near the neck and shoulder.
		Injury to a nerve can stop signals to and from the brain, preventing the muscles of the arm and hand from working properly, and causing loss of feeling in the area supplied by the injured nerve.
		Figure 1: The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originate near the neck and shoulder, whose branches form the nerves that go into the arm, forearm, and hand.
	www.assh.org /Content/NavigationMenu/PatientsPublic/HandConditions/BrachialPlexusInjury/Brachial_Plexus_Inj.htm (726 words)

	brachial plexus injury - Institute for Neurology & Neurosurgery, New York City
		The brachial plexus is the network of dividing and anastomosing nerves within the neck and shoulder supplied by the C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1 nerves exiting from the spine.
		Injury to this structure can occur at birth and the incidence of this ranges from 0.3 to 2 per 1000 births.
		Nothing is as disheartening as injury to an infant during his or her birth.
	www.nyneurosurgery.org /brachial_intro.htm (193 words)

	Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Center Home Page
		The Wake Forest Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Center integrates clinical care, research, and education to advance the treatment of all types of obstetric and adult brachial plexus injuries and peripheral nerve pathologies, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome.
		The brachial plexus is a nerve network derived from the spinal cord that controls the movement and sensation of the hand and arm.
		Brachial plexus injuries are usually discovered, at birth or shortly after injury, by an inequality of upper arm movement or suspicion because of the type of delivery or trauma.
	www.bgsm.edu /ortho/brachial_plexus_menu.htm (851 words)

	Brachial Plexus Injury
		Brachial plexus injuries usually occur during a contact sport when the head and neck are hit to one side, stretching the brachial plexus on the opposite side.
		To diagnose a brachial plexus injury, a doctor may ask the patient about his or her symptoms and examine the head, neck, shoulder, arm and hand.
		To treat a brachial plexus injury, the doctor may recommend resting the neck and arms until the pain and symptoms are gone, as well as applying an ice pack on the neck and shoulders for up to thirty minutes ever three to four hours for two to three days or until the pain goes away.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /childrens/healthinfo/b/brachialplexusinjury.htm (655 words)

	Brachial Plexus Commentary
		Birth related brachial plexus injuries are caused by the Obstetrician applying excessive downward or upward lateral traction to the baby's head and neck once it has presented during the course of delivery.
		Of particular interest are the terms "blocked," "brachial plexus injury," "dystocia," "permanent injury," "palsy," and "malpractice." The defense bar has placed enough weight on verbiage to have suggested wording disseminated throughout the medical community by having it placed in one of the leading medical articles on Shoulder Dystocia.
		Brachial plexus impairment should not be taken as prima facie evidence of the birth process.
	www.evidence.com /Articles/brachialplexus.text.html (5187 words)

	Birth Injuries e-Resource: About Brachial Plexus Injuries
		A brachial plexus injury (Erb's Palsy) is a nerve injury.
		One or more of the nerves in the brachial plexus may be injured.
		Because the injuries cause the same symptoms, it is difficult to know what kind of injury has occured.
	birthinjuries.nbrlawfirm.com /about-brachial-plexus-injuries (613 words)

	Orthoseek \| Orthopedic Topics \| Brachial Plexus Palsy
		The brachial plexus is a group of nerve cables that connect the spinal cord in the neck to the nerves that supply the arm.
		Injury to this important group of nerve cables can occur during difficult delivery, when the brachial plexus is stretched or torn.
		Injuries associated with brachial plexus palsy include the neck, clavicle, shoulder and arm.
	www.orthoseek.com /articles/brachialpp.html (622 words)

	brachial plexus injury - Institute for Neurology & Neurosurgery, New York City
		The brachial plexus is the network of dividing and anastomosing nerves within the neck and shoulder supplied by the C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1 nerves exiting from the spine.
		Injury to this structure can occur at birth and the incidence of this ranges from 0.3 to 2 per 1000 births.
		Nothing is as disheartening as injury to an infant during his or her birth.
	nyneurosurgery.org /brachial_intro.htm (193 words)

	Brachial Plexus - Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
		The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves that controls the muscles and feeling in your child's shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist, hand and fingers.
		Brachial plexus injuries occur in approximately 1.5 per 1,000 births.
		Brachial plexus injuries happen most often during birth through shoulder dystocia, but can also result from uncomplicated vaginal birth or cesarean section, as well as from injuries sustained in auto accidents or from other kinds of trauma.
	www.choa.org /default.aspx?id=2595 (82 words)

	Paralysis of Muscles in the Shoulder \| Elbow \| Hand
		In some cases, a problem with the Brachial Plexus also involves partial paralysis of the diaphragm and/or partial paralysis of the eye's pupil on the affected sided.
		Brachial Plexus Palsies in infants can also result when key nerves in the neck or arm have not fully developed.
		The chance of a child having a brachial plexus palsy is equally distributed according to gender, gestational age and race.
	www.brachialplexus-erbspalsy.com /facts.htm (591 words)

	Dr. Nath - Brachial Plexus injury expert specializing in erbs palsy and brachial plexus palsy treatment.
		The brachial plexus is derived from 5 "roots" or spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord in the neck.
		Injury to the lower roots is known as Klumpke’s paralysis, but is relatively uncommon, and very rarely exists by itself.
		The mechanism of injury to the upper roots is thought to be a bending or stretching of the neck in a direction away from the side of injury.
	www.drnathbrachialplexus.com /injury/index.asp (630 words)

	eMedicine - Brachial Plexus Injuries, Traumatic : Article Excerpt by: Christopher Chaput, MD
		An upper plexus injury usually predominates if the arm is at the side because the first rib acts as a fulcrum to direct the traction forces preferentially in line with the upper plexus.
		A lower plexus lesion predominates when the arm is raised because the coracoid acts as a fulcrum in a similar fashion.
		Preganglionic injuries refer to dural and arachnoid lesions proximal to the neurons in the spinal ganglion.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/byname/brachial-plexus-injuries-traumatic.htm (592 words)

	Gillette Children's - Brachial Plexus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If your child has a brachial plexus injury, it is important that they be evaluated by experienced medical specialists during the first few months of life.
		The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that connects the brain to the arm and hand.
		Brachial plexus injuries also occur in children or adults due to trauma to the neck or shoulder region, commonly from motorcycle or motor-vehicle accidents.
	www.gillettechildrens.org /default.cfm/PID=1.3.2 (492 words)

	Adult and Pediatric Brachial Plexus Injuries
		The brachial plexus is generally injured by a traction, or stretch mechanism, such as when the shoulder and helmet of a motorcycle driver are forced in divergent directions in a fall.
		Approximately 15% of brachial plexus injuries have an injury to the blood supply of the arm as well, and emergency surgery may be indicated.
		Recovery from brachial plexus surgery is measured in months and years rather than days or weeks, beginning with a flicker of muscle recovery at 6-12 months post-op, and progressing to a gradual return of strength and mobility.
	www.hss.edu /conditions_14130.asp?refName=Brachial+Plexus+Injury&refUrl=conditions_9712.asp (788 words)

	Preop Assessment of Brachial Plexus Injuries
		Whether a brachial plexus injury is preganglionic, postganglionic, or a combination of the two, has therapeutic and prognostic significance.
		The presence of Horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, and hemifacial anhydrosis) indicates injury to the cervical sympathetic chain that is in close proximity to the lower roots of the brachial plexus.
		Further evaluation of those with a brachial plexus injury includes myelography several weeks after the injury.(Figures 1 and 2) Avulsion injury involves damage to both the roots and meninges; on myelography, this is represented as an inability to visualize the nerve root.
	www.medschool.lsuhsc.edu /neurosurgery/nervecenter/preBP.html (2603 words)

	InjuredNewborn - Brachial Plexus Injury Awareness&Prevention
		The "brachial plexus" is a complicated set of nerves that go from the spinal column in the neck down to the fingertips.
		Injury to these nerves include a mild or severe "stretch" injury, a partial or full "rupture" [tear] and a partial or full "avulsion" [dislocation from it's origin in the spinal column].
		Some brachial plexus injuries are mild and will resolve with full function of the affected arm in a short time.
	www.injurednewborn.com (3597 words)

	Brachial Plexus Injury \| Paralysis Resource Center
		Brachial plexus injuries are caused by excessive stretching, tearing, or other trauma to a network of nerves from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand.
		Injuries often occur secondary to vehicular accidents, sports injuries, gunshot wounds, or surgeries; many brachial plexus injuries happen during birth, if the baby’s shoulders become impacted during the birth process causing the brachial plexus nerves to stretch or tear.
		According to the United Brachial Plexus Network, obstetrical injuries of this sort need not be reported to the Centers for Disease Control; therefore, many cases are incorrectly diagnosed or referred to as Erb's Palsy.
	www.paralysis.org /site/c.erJMJUOxFmH/b.1293671/k.72A5/Brachial_Plexus_Injury.htm (315 words)

	Brachial Plexus Injury, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The cause of a birth brachial plexus injury is usually due to a stretching injury involving the child's brachial plexus during vaginal delivery, but this is not always the case as such injuries have also been reported following Caesarean sections.
		Traumatic Brachial Plexus injuries may occur due to motor vehicle acidents, bike accidents, gunshot wounds, sports, etc. Nerve injuries vary in severity from a mild stretch to the nerve root tearing away from the spinal cord.
		The nerves of the brachial plexus originate in the neck, in the cervical spine.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/info/neurology/diagnose/brachial-plexus.htm (1015 words)

	Brachial Plexus Injuries
		The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that onducts signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand.
		Although injuries can occur at any time, many brachial plexus injuries happen during birth: the baby’s shoulders may become impacted during the birth process causing the brachial plexus nerves to stretch or tear.
		For avulsion and rupture injuries there is no potential for recovery unless surgical reconnection is made in a timely manner.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/921389523.html (320 words)

	Nevada Injury Lawyer - Personal Injury Lawyer - Las Vegas Injury Lawyer - Injury Claims
		Other types of injuries include lacerations (severing or tearing of some nerve fibers, such as damage caused by a gun shot wound), and central cord syndrome (specific damage to the corticospinal tracts of the cervical region of the spinal cord).
		The types of disability associated with SCI vary greatly depending on the severity of the injury, the segment of the spinal cord at which the injury occurs, and which nerve fibers are damaged.
		For every childhood death caused by injury, there are approximately 34 hospitalizations, 1000 emergency department visits, many more visits to private physicians and school nurses, and an even larger number of injuries treated at home.
	accidentclaims.org /injury.html (6248 words)

	eMedicine - Brachial Plexus Injuries, Traumatic : Article by Christopher Chaput, MD
		By moving the clavicle and looking at the plexus from both a cephalad and a caudad direction, he is able to avoid osteotomy of the clavicle and still visualize upper, middle, and lower trunks of the brachial plexus.
		For a total brachial plexus lesion (C5-T1), the stimulators are placed on the front of the chest (C3-C4 dermatome) and on the inner arm (T2 dermatome).
		Scapulothoracic dissociation was suspected based on the patient's clavicle fracture, scapula fracture, brachial plexus palsy, and high-energy mechanism of injury (ie, accident with an 18-wheeled truck).
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic26.htm (3139 words)

	Brachial Plexus Palsy Foundation: aiding in the prevention and awareness of brachial plexus injuries and treatments. A ...
		Brachial Plexus Palsy Foundation: aiding in the prevention and awareness of brachial plexus injuries and treatments.
		One of the major goals of the Brachial Plexus Palsy Foundation is to contribute to hospitals both regionally and nationally that are currently treating brachial plexus injuries and conducting on going research for better methods of treatment.
		It is the goal of the Foundation to continue to fund these hospitals and organizations that are committed to the care of brachial plexus injuries sustained in children across the world.
	www.membrane.com /bpp (456 words)

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