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Topic: Brachycephalidae

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	Discover Life - Anura: Brachycephalidae Günther, 1858 - Gold frogs, Shield toads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Females coat eggs with soil particles after they are laid, which may serve both to camouflage them and protect them from desiccation.
		Gold frogs were originally mistaken for toads (bufonids), but the absence of a Bidder's organ in Brachycephalus prompted the move to the family Brachycephalidae.
		Brachycephalids are unambiguously placed in the Neobatrachia, but relationships among the families of these "advanced" frogs is controversial at best.
	pick5.pick.uga.edu /mp/20q?search=Brachycephalidae (631 words)

	AmphibiaWeb
		At first they were considered to be Bufonids, but an absence of a Bidder’s organ (ovarian tissue on the testes, a synapomorphy of Bufonidae) led to their recognition as an independent family.
		Recent molecular studies have placed Brachycephalidae within the Leptodactylid tribe Eleutherodactylini.
		Due to their small size and large genomes (an amphibian characteristic), these frogs have “lost” some of their digits (2 on the hand and 3 or 4 on the feet).
	amphibiaweb.org /lists/Brachycephalidae.shtml (172 words)

	Brachycephalidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		O pesquisador brasileiro Luiz Fernando Ribeiro descobriu duas espécies de anfíbios da família Brachycephalidae, medindo entre 8 e 18 milímetros.
		Queste rane di montagna, della famiglia delle Brachycephalidae, sono davvero piccolissime.
		FAMÍLIA: Brachycephalidae CARACTERÍSTICAS: Comprimento: 1 a 5 (conforme a espécie).
	lafayette.needsamespare.info /Brachycephalidae (569 words)

	Hemisus
		Ford and Cannatella (1993) defined Hemisus to be the node-based name for the last common ancestor of species of Hemisus listed in Frost (1985), and all of its descendants.
		Synapomorphies include the lack of sternum (convergent with Rhinophrynus and Brachycephalidae) and a skull highly modified for head-first burrowing.
		Hemisus lacks a sternum, and has a vertical pupil, fused carpals and tarsals, and a notched tongue.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Hemisus&contgroup=Neobatrachia (329 words)

	Neobatrachia
		]Allophryne ruthveni" title="Allophryne ruthveni"> ]Brachycephalidae" title="Brachycephalidae"> ]Bufonidae" title="Bufonidae"> ]Heleophryne" title="Heleophryne"> ]'Leptodactylidae'" title="'Leptodactylidae'"> ]Limnodynastinae" title="Limnodynastinae"> ]Myobatrachinae" title="Myobatrachinae"> ]Sooglossidae" title="Sooglossidae"> ]Rhinoderma" title="Rhinoderma"> ]Dendrobatidae" title="Dendrobatidae"> ]Hylidae" title="Hylidae"> ]Pseudidae" title="Pseudidae"> ]Centrolenidae" title="Centrolenidae"> ]Microhylidae" title="Microhylidae"> ]Hemisus" title="Hemisus"> ]Arthroleptidae" title="Arthroleptidae"> ]'Ranidae'" title="'Ranidae'"> ]Hyperoliidae" title="Hyperoliidae"> ]Rhacophoridae" title="Rhacophoridae">
		This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.
		Tree of Life design and icons copyright © 1995-2004 Tree of Life Project.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Neobatrachia&contgroup=Salientia (1407 words)

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