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Topic: Brain Donors

	STI: Multiple Organ Recovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Once a potential organ donor is identified in a hospital, a local OPO is notified and a neurologist or neurosurgeon is consulted to evaluate the patient and establish whether brain death has occurred.
		One the donor is pronounced brain dead and a consent for organ or tissue donation is obtained from the family, the local OPO assumes control of the medical management of the donor.
		Brain donors frequently have diabetes insipidus due to insufficient secretion of antiduretic hormone, and may produce copious amounts of urine; this disorder is not a contraindication for kidney donation.
	www.sti.upmc.edu /STI_Patient_web/sti/3multiple.asp (6987 words)

	Brain Death:: "Two Aspects of Brain Dead Being": philosophy of life and death, organ transplants, ...
		She stated that most family members did not accept the patient's death when he/she was diagnosed to be brain dead, but that they for the first time accepted death and burst into tears when the patient's heart beat stopped, and the body became cold.
		That is to say, the question whether brain death is human death deeply depends on the relationships that the brain dead person has had with each surrounding person at the bedside.
		Of course, caring ethics and feminist bioethics pay special attention to this emotional dimension, but brain death issues seem to be outdated in the field of bioethics, hence, the importance of emotions in ethics of brain death and transplantation is seldom discussed in English literature on the topic(7).
	www.lifestudies.org /brain01.html (1693 words)

	Brain Bank: Donations
		The "body donor" donates the entire body for medical education; however, the brain must remain with the body and cannot be used for research.
		The "organ donor" donates organs for transplantation; however, the brain begins to decay immediately at death, and brain donation is generally not compatible with organ donation.
		Brain donation for research is not a widely publicized subject, so many physicians and pathologists are not familiar with brain banking.
	www.brainbank.mclean.org /Donate.html (899 words)

	Banking on Brainpower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Brain bank operating costs are steep-close to $2,000 per donated brain, and awareness of Alzheimer's and other brain-based diseases remained minor.
		George, 89, and Helen, 86, pledged their brains to the Brain Endowment Bank after learning that it could be a meaningful complement to traditional organ donations.
		The University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank is advancing knowledge of the brain by providing both healthy and diseased brain tissue to researchers engaged in a variety of basic and clinical research projects.
	www.miami.edu /miami-magazine/spring98/brains.html (2585 words)

	The Gift of a Lifetime: Understanding Death Before Donation
		These are usually patients who suffer an injury to the brain resulting from a trauma, stroke or lack of oxygen and are rushed to the hospital, where doctors aggressively work to save their lives but cannot.
		Brain death can be confusing for families who are confronted with the sudden death of someone they love.
		Brain death is a clinical, measurable condition whose formal definition emerged after the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Issues in Medicine embraced brain death in 1981, when Ronald Reagan was president.
	www.organtransplants.org /understanding/death (1019 words)

	Skipped Heart Beats -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Brain-stem dead donors, however, lead to better results as the organs were perfused with oxygenated blood until the point of perfusion and cooling at organ retrieval, and so non-heart beating donors were generally no longer used except in Japan, where brain-stem death was not legally (until very recently) or culturally (still) recognised.
		However, a growing discrepancy between demand for organs and their availability from brain-stem dead donors has lead to a re-examination of using non-heart beating donors, and many centres are now using such donors to expand their potential pool of organs.
		Category III donors are patients on intensive care units with non-survivable injuries who have treatment withdrawn; where such patients wished in life to be organ donors, the transplant team can attend at the time of treatment withdrawal and retrieve organs after cardiac arrest has occurred.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/133/skipped-heart-beats.html (594 words)

	Boyes, M (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Donors take part in some research during life including clinical and neuropsychological assessments, so that when the tissue becomes available after death, it will be well-characterised, and not dependent on a retrospective medical record review.
		When a prospective donor dies, rapid notification procedures ensure that the donor’s brain tissue can be removed and the donor’s body returned to the family’s funeral director.
		Donors are told that should the family want viewing at the funeral, the marks left by the removal of the brain are easily concealed, and the donation will not interfere with funeral plans.
	www.cs.nsw.gov.au /mhealth/symposium/2004wintsym02.htm (2722 words)

	Karger Publishers
		While brain-dead organ donors represent the majority of the organ donor pool, it appears that graft survival is adversely affected by brain death itself.
		Brain death has been shown to cause severe disturbances in the hormonal, hemodynamic and immunological homeostasis, which could in part be responsible for the inferior outcome of organs originating from brain-dead donors compared to living donors.
		Recent studies have shown that brain death upregulates multiple lymphocyte- and macrophage-derived cytokines and the injured brain itself may be the source of proinflammatory factors such as S100B.
	content.karger.com /ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowFulltext&ProduktNr=223997&Ausgabe=229789&ArtikelNr=74935 (379 words)

	Oxidant Stress in Urine from Cadaveric and Living Kidney Donors as Markers of Renal Injury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Introduction: The preoperative assessment of marginal extended cadaveric donors is based upon the imprecise parameters of clinical history and serum creatinine (Cr).
		Poor donors were defined as those with a serum creatinine >2.0mg/dl and/or pathologic changes on renal biospy which precluded use for transplantation.
		Conclusion: Decreased total antioxidant capacity of urine from renal donors correlates with pre-existing renal injury and is predictive of delayed graft function in the recipient.
	www.a-s-t.org /library/abstracts99/277.htm (380 words)

	The Chronicle: 6/28/2002: 5,455 Brains and Counting
		It's her job to talk to prospective brain donors and their families as well as to coordinate, when donors die, the addition of their brains to the collection of more than 5,400.
		The 12 staff members of the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, as the brain bank is formally known, would like to have more brains of people who suffered from psychiatric diseases so that researchers can study the tissue to tease out the causes of mental illness.
		The sooner a brain gets cut up and frozen or chemically fixed, the more lifelike it will be for researchers who study it, because less degeneration will have occurred.
	chronicle.com /free/v48/i42/42a04001.htm (1260 words)

	CNADC - Information for Research Participants
		In order to assure that arrangements are in place well in advance, we ask brain donors and family members to be familiar with the contact procedures and to sign the necessary forms so that we have them on file and can activate them when needed.
		The brain autopsy is done by experienced staff of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine for the purpose of obtaining tissue for research.
		Certain diagnostic criteria may preclude brain donation at the time of death, in which case the family will be notified by the autopsy coordinator.
	www.brain.northwestern.edu /mdad/participants.html (621 words)

	DVD Talk > Reviews > Brain Donors
		Yet Brain Donors, for all its retrograde reliance on the past, is a delight.
		Brain Donors is funny — it is not sophisticated funny, or sophomoric funny or even spoof-goofy funny.
		Indeed, Brain Donors feels ahead of its time, a film that functions as a clever combination of the types of wit from all the generations that came before it.
	www.dvdtalk.com /reviews/read.php?ID=12852 (2614 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Chandigarh Stories
		Doctors say that kidney and liver transplants (which are yet to begin at the PGI) are preferred when the donor is “brain dead’’ as the trauma of donating ornans inflicted on the living donor is eliminated.
		Brain death is that state when the person’s brain is dead but his all other organs including heart, lungs and kidneys are functional on life-support systems.
		While the USA began to recognise the concept of brain death in 1970s, India only accepted the concept in 1994, when the law regarding this was passed in the Parliament.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2005/20050419/cth3.htm (1298 words)

	DVD Verdict Review - Brain Donors
		Brain Donors (originally titled "Lame Ducks," then inexplicably changed before its theatrical release) is not a comedy for those who like Frasier or Annie Hall.
		To discuss the plot of Brain Donors is beside the point—I can easily promise you that this won't be a movie you'll watch for sharp character arcs.
		Brain Donors is a film that I've been waiting for on DVD for a long time—I've had to slug through old VHS copies of the film for the past decade or so.
	www.dvdverdict.com /reviews/braindonors.php (872 words)

	University of Pittsburgh receives two grants to try to increase organ donation/procurement
		About half of all organ donors in the United States are deceased donors, the vast majority of whom are declared brain dead before their organs are donated and removed.
		Compared to brain-dead donors, donors after cardiac death represent a very small subset of the total number of deceased donors.
		The study also may help to identify the real and perceived obstacles to increasing the number of donors after cardiac death and provide a method that will allow transplant outcomes using organs from these donors to be compared in a more uniform and meaningful fashion.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-09/uopm-uop090403.php (672 words)

	ACCELERATED RATE OF ACUTE REJECTION OF RENAL ALLOGRAFTS FROM BRAIN DEAD DONORS. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Introduction: The observation that the results of engrafted organs from living donors, regardless of relationship to the host, are consistently superior to those of cadavers suggest an impact of brain death (BD) on organ quality.
		To examine this hypothesis and to define the influences of this central injury on the early course of transplantation, we compared the early behavior of kidney allografts from BD and normal anaesthetized F344 donors transplanted into Lewis rats.
		Results: Kidneys from BD donors were rejected faster (17_7 days, mean_sem) than those from normal anaesthetized donors (23_8 days, mean_sem).
	www.a-s-t.org /abstracts98/abs437.htm (401 words)

	Retrieving organs from non-heart-beating organ donors: a review of medical and ethical issues: [Prelevement d'organes ...
		from donors that have died from cessation of cardiac activity.
		donor and the family/patient are approached for consent.
		Ethical assessments of brain death and organ procurement policies: a survey of transplant personnel in the United States.
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/50/10/1069 (3802 words)

	Brain Death and Transplantation: The Japanese
		Fear regarding the process of brain death determination, the lack of information shared by physicians, and the possibility that doctors might threaten families that refused to donate the organs of brain-dead relatives led patientsandapos; rights advocates to press for a more open-door policy.
		Death as cessation of brain function separate from other bodily functions is inconsistent with the Japanese perspective of death of the whole person.^[12] Within the Western perspective, in general, the mind and body are perceived as separate, and personal identity is thought to reside within the brain.
		Several factors contribute to this position, including distrust of physicians, past improprieties in determining brain death, insufficient resources (ie, staff and technology) to adequately apply brain death criteria, and traditional cultural beliefs concerning life and death.
	www.medscape.com /content/2000/00/40/87/408769/408769.xml (846 words)

	Strategies to increase limited donor resources -- de Perrot et al. 23 (3): 477 -- European Respiratory Journal
		Vasopressin deficiency and pressor hypersensitivity in hemodynamically unstable organ donors.
		The pathophysiological effects of brain death on potential donor organs, with particular reference to the heart.
		Influence of high donor serum sodium levels on early postoperative graft function in human liver transplantation: effect of correction of donor hypernatremia.
	erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/full/23/3/477 (3680 words)

	BRAIN DONORS
		It is the only way that important medical research on the human brain can progress.
		It is not possible to look at the cells of the brain in living people without doing harm and damage.
		To understand how the cells that make up the brain work, or how they are not working, requires looking at brain tissue after death.
	www.braindonors.org (145 words)

	'Brain Donors'
		"Brain Donors" suggests that they are clumsy plagiarists.
		Their new film is basically a direct rip from the Marx Brothers' classic "A Night at the Opera," with its action moved into the world of ballet.
		And "Brain Donors" is no "Night at the Opera."
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/braindonorspgharrington_a0ab29.htm (439 words)

	JAPAN SEEKS GUIDANCE FROM UF ORGAN RECOVERY EXPERTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		All donors must be at least 15 years old and their families must consent.
		In the United States, the legal definition of brain death varies by state, but all recognize it as the irreversible cessation of brain function.
		Physicians found that organ transplantation was more successful in cases where brain death occurs while the donor, though dead, is kept on a ventilator so that circulation and breathing are maintained mechanically until the organs are removed for transplantation, according to UNOS.
	www.napa.ufl.edu /oldnews/Organ.htm (1081 words)

	Brain and Tissue Bank
		The objective of this human tissue repository is to systematically collect, store, and distribute brain and other tissues for research dedicated to the improved understanding, care and treatment of individuals with developmental disorders.
		The Brain and Tissue Bank has extensive experience in arranging for the rapid retrieval of tissue upon the death of individuals who die while at home, in hospitals or hospice care.
		As a special service, the Brain and Tissue Bank is able to assist researchers who are working with patients who intend to donate tissues at the time of their death.
	medschool.umaryland.edu /BTBank (361 words)

	Brain Death Significantly Reduces Isolated Pancreatic Islet Yields and Functionality In Vitro and In Vivo After ...
		Brain Death Significantly Reduces Isolated Pancreatic Islet Yields and Functionality In Vitro and In Vivo After Transplantation in Rats -- Contreras et al.
		Effects of brain death on insulin secretory responses to glucose and arginine in the in situ–perfused pancreas.
		Glucose-stimulated insulin release was assessed by static incubation in islets isolated from brain death or respirated anesthetized rats (6 h) as described in
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/12/2935 (4937 words)

	Donors and Funding Agencies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		During the past 10 to 15 years, a number of lessons have been learnt by NGOs and government agencies supporting small and medium enterprise development.
		SAGA is a membership organisation for the corporate social investment (CSI) and donor community.
		SAGA's members are corporate organisations with social responsibility programmes, international donor organisations, local private foundations, grantmaking non-governmental organisations, community foundations and government funding agencies.
	www.brain.org.za /FINANCING/donors.html (486 words)

	Activation of the Heart by Donor Brain Death Accelerates Acute Rejection After Transplantation -- Wilhelm et al. 102 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		of spontaneous respiration, and absence of brain stem reflexes.
		Herijgers P, Flameng W. The effect of brain death on cardiovascular function in rats, II: the cause of the in vivo haemodynamic changes.
		Effects of explosive brain death on cytokine activation of peripheral organs in the rat.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/102/19/2426 (3547 words)

	Brain donation for schizophrenia research: gift, consent, and meaning -- Boyes and Ward 29 (3): 165 -- Journal of ...
		The brain as an organ for donation is seen by some as having
		Becoming a brain donor gives them a sense of being able to contribute.
		brains as distinct from their other organs, is a question requiring
	jme.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/29/3/165 (3389 words)

	Compare Prices and Read Reviews on Brain Donors at Epinions.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In a world where movie comedies are either poignant, raunchy or just plain bad, it's refreshing to see one which reflects the old style of classic comedy.
		With only the plot somewhat lifted from the old classic comedy "Night At The Opera", Brain Donors shows the spirit and zaniness of the Marx Brothers living on in the bodies of John Tuturro, Mel Smith and Bob Nelson.
		It's nice to see a lost Marx Brothers film, and Brain Donors is as close as anyone will ever get to seeing one.
	www.epinions.com /mvie-review-3759-12BCE33A-38F8995F-prod3 (502 words)

	Brain Donors (1992) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Brain Donors is the funniest movie I have ever seen and I'v seen about 400 movies in my lifetime.
		I have seen this movie and would like to comment on it
		Discuss this movie with other users on IMDb message board for Brain Donors (1992)
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0103872 (286 words)

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