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	Brain drain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brain drain can occur either when individuals who study abroad and complete their education do not return to their home country, or when individuals educated in their home country emigrate for higher wages or better opportunities.
		In Canada, brain drain to the United States, although an unproven phenomenon, is occasionally a domestic political issue.
		Brain drain is a social index that is difficult to measure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brain_drain (1948 words)

	ParaPundit: Immigration Brain Drain Archives
		While medical brain draining of Africa is a tragedy that gets a lot of continuing press what is less remarked upon is the brain draining of Eastern Europe.
		I've been watching "Brain Drain" stories in the world press daily for months now using Google News (just click on the previous link to get a sense of it) and there is on big recurring theme: fear of the loss of the most talented members of a society.
		There are even fears of brain wars in Europe as richer countries buy up the talent of poorer countries and raise the specter that the gap between the countries in living standards could become permanent.
	www.parapundit.com /archives/cat_immigration_brain_drain.html (3835 words)

	UNESCO - Studying Abroad
		Brain Drain, the massive emigration of skilled professionals, is a priority addressed in the UNESCO Strategy for South East Europe.
		The 'Alleviating Brain Drain in Bosnia, Croatia and Yugoslavia' Project, is one of fourteen pilot activities of this Strategy which highlights priority areas for UNESCO's co-operation and identifies flagship projects to be implemented in the 2002-2003 biennium.
		The main idea behind the Brain Drain Project, organized by Education Forum, a Serbian non- governmental organization, is to treat brain drain as an opportunity for positive economic change and stabilization of South East Europe and a catalyst for Yugoslavia's successful integration into the European and global communities.
	www.unesco.org /education/studyingabroad/highlights/brain_drain.shtml (851 words)

	cric.ca - Canada's Portal - Quick Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Brain drain and brain gain: The migration of knowledge workers from and to Canada, John Zhao, Doug Drew and T. Scott Murray, Statistics Canada, Spring 2000.
		Brain drain and brain gain: The migration of knowledge workers into and out of Canada, Statistics Canada, The Daily, June 24, 2000.
		Brain Drain Questionnaire - Undertaken by the UBC Alumni Association in an effort to compile a database with which to beter gauge the scope of the brain drain issue.
	www.cric.ca /en_html/guide/brain/brain.html (615 words)

	Migration Information Source - Reassessing the Impacts of Brain Drain on Developing Countries
		Indeed, the very notion of "brain drain" may be outdated and simplistic, wrongly implying that the impacts of the movement of highly skilled people are always and everywhere a bad thing.
		Finally, it is also worth remembering that, while brain drain may aggravate the shortage of skilled workers in some sectors in some countries, emigration may not be the fundamental reason for actual or anticipated shortages in the first place.
		Identifying brain strain hotspots — particularly where brain drain is undermining efforts to attain Millenium Development Goals or achieve poverty reduction in the world's poorest countries — will be critical for policymakers in sending and receiving countries who seek appropriate interventions.
	www.migrationinformation.org /Feature/display.cfm?id=324 (2427 words)

	Finance & Development, June 1999 - How Extensive Is the Brain Drain?
		One important implication of the brain drain is that investment in education in a developing country may not lead to faster economic growth if a large number of its highly educated people leave the country.
		In South America, the country with by far the largest brain drain is Guyana, from which more than 70 percent of individuals with a tertiary education have moved to the United States; for the rest of the region, the immigration rates for this educational group are much lower.
		Among the remaining countries, the extent of the brain drain to all OECD members is substantial—and it increases significantly compared with the U.S. data—for the Islamic Republic of Iran, Korea, and, to a lesser extent, the Philippines.
	www.imf.org /external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm (2528 words)

	Brain Drain
		Brain Drain outside european countries has received an extensive coverage from media and has been the subject of many discussions.
		More than brain drain, entrepreneurship drain is a central point which could hurt long term innovation and prevent a competitive development of local high tech companies and the creation of jobs for young scientist.
		Being the "brain" as well as having an entrepreneur spirit may also be an asset but it is clearly not the most specific.
	www.swiss-list.com /news/brain.shtml (730 words)

	Brain Drain
		While the brain drain is portrayed as a relatively recent phenomenon, it is actually not a new problem.
		Much of the discussion about brain drain, if not most of it, has been driven by a signal lack of any significant empirical data that would account for what appears to be the hysterical approach that has been brought to bear upon this very delicate subject.
		It was a technical drain of resources that contributed something to Panama, and subsequently, to much of Central America, because if you were to go to Cuba and to Costa Rica, you would find the offspring of all of those Barbadians and Jamaicans who went to Panama in quest of opportunity.
	www.maytree.com /HTMLFiles/brain_drain.htm (8689 words)

	World Immigration: Brain drain.
		A brain drain or human capital flight is an emigration of trained and talented individuals for other nations or jurisdictions, due to conflict or lack of opportunity or health hazards where they are living.
		Spokesmen for the Royal Society first coined the expression “brain drain” to describe the outflow of scientists and technologists to the United States and Canada in the early 1950s.
		An opposite situation, in which many trained and talented individuals seek entrance into a country, can be called a brain gain; this may create a brain drain in the nations that the individuals are leaving.
	www.visa2003.com /world-immigration/brain-drain.htm (461 words)

	AUT - The Brain Drain
		The Brain Drain - academic and skilled migration to the UK and its impacts on Africa has now been published to promote debate about how to provide support and compensation to African nations which export some of their finest staff to work in UK universities.
		The 'brain drain' report gathers together data, opinions and observations from dozens of published sources.
		The Brain Drain - academic and skilled migration to the UK and its impacts on Africa (.pdf)
	www.aut.org.uk /braindrain (367 words)

	USATODAY.com - Reverse brain drain threatens U.S. economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Until recently, if Americans heard the words "brain drain," they knew clearly what that meant: Bright, talented scientists, engineers and other techies from all over the world were migrating to the United States.
		Today, while many of these conditions still apply, Americans are starting to hear a new term: "reverse brain drain." What it suggests is the United States is pursuing government and private-sector policies that, over the long run, could lead to a significant shift in the world's balance of brainpower.
		Finally, the problem of a reverse brain drain is exacerbated by the continuing crisis in American education.
	www.usatoday.com /news/opinion/editorials/2004-02-23-economy-edit_x.htm (1103 words)

	Battling Brain Drain
		A massive exodus of skilled workers to the West, often called "brain drain," is depriving many poor countries of the expertise necessary to train new generations and join the ranks of the industrialized world.
		Most analysts agree that the brain drain siphons off significant human capital and at least some of the potential for economic growth in developing countries.
		In an effort to stem the brain drain, some experts suggest that developed countries sponsor a type of circular migration that lets skilled immigrants work for them for a time and then go back to their homelands for a few years to share their expertise and help train future generations.
	www.voanews.com /english/NewsAnalysis/BrainDrain2006-05-18-voa55.cfm (1109 words)

	Brain Drain \| Christianpost.com- Christian News Online , Christian World News
		Your brain is made up of an intricate network of wires (neurons) that connect with each other via chemical messengers.
		There are many factors involved, such as the integrity of the fatty coating (myelin sheath) around each neuron (this coating insulates the neurons and aids in signal transmission) or the chemical messenger levels in the end of one neuron and the receptor endings on another.
		The components of the communication process in the brain are also affected by different vitamins, nutrients and amino acids, and the presence of glucose is also crucial.
	www.christianpost.com /article/life/2631/section/brain.drain/1.htm (644 words)

	Reversing Africa's 'brain drain': New initiatives tap skills of African expatriates
		A brain drain is said to occur when a country becomes short of skills when people with such expertise emigrate.
		Other programmes to counter the brain drain involve the physical relocation of expatriate Africans either to their home countries or elsewhere on the continent.
		Given the international nature of the brain drain and the covert support it receives from developed countries in need of skilled personnel, measures in African countries to contain it will only succeed with the support of destination countries, notes the Union for African Population Studies, a scientific, pan-African non-profit organization.
	www.un.org /ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol17no2/172brain.htm (3126 words)

	BRAIN DRAIN MIGRATION
		Although officially forming only 13 per cent of the brain drain, health personnel are certainly leaving in greater numbers than this percentage suggests.
		There are a number of general solutions to a brain drain, all of which are worth considering in the South African case.
		The significance of the brain drain varies by occupational sector and it is not necessarily the case that the higher the number, the more salient the loss.
	www.queensu.ca /samp/transform/Cohen1.htm (2122 words)

	SciDev.Net
		But while some countries suffer the consequences of the so-called "brain drain", others are beginning to reap its potential benefits.
		A recent shift in thinking from “brain drain” to “brain circulation” suggests that the process is a normal one, and that the real challenge is not to block it, but to manage it as effectively as possible.
		Summaries of significant publications about brain drain and links to key organisations.
	www.scidev.net /braindrain (225 words)

	Brain Drain of Workers from Poor to Rich Countries - Global Issues
		âBrain drainâ is the phenomena whereby nations lose skilled labor because there are better paid jobs elsewhere.
		, the term âBrain drainâ originated in the 1960s, âwhen many British scientists and intellectuals emigrated to the United States for a better working climate.â In recent years, however, the problem of âbrain drainâ has been acute for poorer countries that lose workers to wealthier countries.
		At that time, concerns were raised in India that this was a form of brain drain as highly skilled workers were being lost.
	www.globalissues.org /TradeRelated/Development/braindrain (1106 words)

	Brain drain and brain gain (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Brain drain and brain gain: The migration of knowledge workers from and to Canada
		During the 1990s Canada suffered a net loss of skilled workers to the United States in several economically important occupations, although the numbers involved have remained small in an historical sense and small relative to the supply of workers in these occupations.
		The number of master's and doctoral graduates alone entering Canada from the rest of the world is equal to the number of university graduates at all levels leaving Canada for the United States.
	www.statcan.ca.cob-web.org:8888 /english/indepth/81-003/feature/eqhi2000006003s1a01.htm (253 words)

	Brain Drain - Medilinks
		The brain drain is an emotive subject and one which comes up all the time.
		The brain drain has been around probably for as long as man has existed and is a normal consequence of human migration.
		There is a also an internal brain drain, despite the fact that the vast majority of people depend on health delivered by public means.
	medilinkz.org /Features/Articles/braindrain.htm (2517 words)

	AnnaLee Saxenian: Speeches: Brain Drain or Brain Circulation? The Silicon Valley-Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Rather, she suggested that the expression "brain circulation" would be more evocative of more recent trends whereby immigrants, particularly from Asia, study and work in the U.S. for a certain amount of time and then return or commute regularly between their Asian homes and the Silicon Valley.
		Instead of draining their native economies of human skills and resources, this new breed of "circulating" immigrants has brought back valuable experience and know-how to their local economies.
		First, she planned to examine evidence of "brain drain" in the Silicon Valley, documenting both the scale of foreign-born Asian presence there and assessing its contributions to the local economy.
	www.ischool.berkeley.edu /~anno/speeches/braindrain.html (2531 words)

	BAM: Brain Drain, Under the Elms, May/June 2005
		“And we have found that in people with Alzheimer’s disease, the amount of insulin in the brain is markedly reduced, and insulin receptor cells are also reduced,” which means the brain cells that normally respond to insulin have died.
		The result is insulin resistance, a kind of “brain diabetes” that precedes, and may cause, Alzheimer’s-type changes in the brain, she says.
		“ We were seeing brain degeneration and plaques caused by alcohol-related insulin resistance, and they looked just like the kind of damage caused by Alzheimer’s disease.” That observation led her to study the role insulin might play in Alzheimer’s.
	www.brownalumnimagazine.com /storydetail.cfm?ID=2719 (488 words)

	Braindrain debate
		Brain Drain Debate - The Council for Canadian Unity.
		Drain your Brain - forum for Canadians on both side of the border.
		Canada, A Nation of Losers debates as to whether the brain drain to the US is living behind only the second best employees in terms of education and job skills.
	www.angelfire.com /il3/CanadianGoose/brain_drain_debate.html (743 words)

	Damming the 'Brain Drain'
		Indiana’s brain drain was quantified in 1999 when the Human Capital Retention Project done by Indiana’s Fiscal Policy Institute showed the state retaining nearly 30 percent fewer college graduates than the national average.
		As part of Purdue’s pledge to be engaged throughout Indiana solving problems and creating economic opportunities, the University has begun work on a three-year, $3.5 million program supported by Lilly Endowment Inc. to cork the brain drain and begin building a lasting reservoir.
		"The state is producing larger numbers of talented graduates than many states, but the brain drain has less to do with the supply of graduates than the supply of good jobs.
	news.uns.purdue.edu /html3month/2004/0407.Persp.braindrain.html (714 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| South Africa's brain drain dilemma
		Reducing the brain drain will, in the long term reduce economically motivated crime.
		The minister has said that 'South Africa faces an enormous drain of human resources, attracted out of the country by favourable exchange rates, and different social environments'.
		I submit that he has erroneously omitted to mention the minor fact that by emigrating the threat of being mugged, attacked, carjacked, shot at and robbed diminishes a thousand-fold.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/3629657.stm (1954 words)

	High Canadian Taxes and the Brain Drain
		Go to the IRPP home page and do a search on "brain drain" to see 10 articles on the brain drain.
		Canada's "Brain Drain" a trickle, not a flood: New StatsCan report on immigration/emigration shows we gain as much brain as we drain
		It constitutes Canada's research university without walls, creating communities of scholars from different places and divergent fields who are working at the frontier of knowledge and generating new insights.
	www.canadiansocialresearch.net /hightax.htm (1136 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| Brain drain costs Africa billions
		But some professionals suggested that political persecution was often a factor driving the best brains away.
		Nearly 40 African ministers are attending the conference in Nairobi which is intended to shape Africa's agenda for the summit.
		The Natal University report is the latest contribution to the African brain drain debate.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/1605242.stm (324 words)

	Study shows state's 'brain drain' unabated - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
		Pennsylvania's "brain drain" -- the loss of its brightest young people to other states -- shows little sign of slowing down, according to a new statewide study of the problem.
		"Pennsylvania's brain drain migration has a corrosive effect on the economic and social well-being of the state," De Jong wrote at the time, "and it is time for public policy to address the issue."
		De Jong, a professor of sociology and demography at Penn State's Population Research Institute, offered a simpler though potentially more expensive solution to the statewide problem of college graduate retention: a tuition loan forgiveness program in exchange for several years of full-time employment in Pennsylvania.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/tribune-review/news/s_144446.html (1375 words)

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