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	Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) belongs to a family of at least 3 members (atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP, BNP, C-type natriuretic peptide, CNP) that exert local and humoral effects on blood pressure and extracellular body-fluid volume.
		BNP is a key cardiovascular peptide hormone that is derived mainly from the left ventricle upon increased wall stress (21).
		BNP may be viewed as a counter measure to neurohumoral activation in heart failure or acute coronary syndromes.
	www.endotext.org /adrenal/adrenal25/ch01s03.html (1278 words)

	B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		BNP is predominantly secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to increased pressure.
		BNP levels correlate with end-diastolic pressure and tend to be increased in patients with diminished left ventricular ejection fraction.
		BNP levels have been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of patients with symptoms that are consistent with CHF.
	www.labcorp.com /datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/nf00000990.htm (530 words)

	Brain natriuretic peptide in the management of heart failure : the versatile neurohormone CHEST - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also called B-type natriuretic peptide, is a member of a family of structurally related hormones, the natriuretic peptides.
		Current data suggest that measurement of BNP plasma concentrations is a useful tool in the diagnosis of acute heart failure in patients presenting to an emergency department with acute dyspnea.
		In humans, BNP is mainly secreted from the heart, and mostly from the ventricles in both healthy individuals and patients with congestive heart failure.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_2_125/ai_113852568 (880 words)

	Brain natriuretic peptide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brain natriuretic peptide (also known as B-type natriuretic peptide or "GC-B") is a 32-amino-acid polypeptide secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of myocytes (heart muscles cells) in the ventricles.
		Tests showing elevated levels of BNP or NT-proBNP in the blood are used as a diagnosis of heart failure and may be useful to establish prognosis in heart failure, as both markers are typically higher in patients with worse outcome.
		Brain natriuretic peptide was originally identified in extracts of porcine brain, but in humans it is produced mainly in the cardiac ventricles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptide (282 words)

	Increased circulating pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with ...
		Abbreviations: BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; proBNP, pro-brain natriuretic peptide; ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
		Blunted natriuretic response to low-dose brain natriuretic peptide infusion in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites and avid sodium retention.
		Immunoreactive amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP): a new marker of cardiac impairment.
	gut.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/52/10/1511 (3889 words)

	Plasma N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiotrophin 1 are raised in unstable angina -- Talwar et al. 84 ...
		Plasma N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiotrophin 1 are raised in unstable angina -- Talwar et al.
		Plasma N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiotrophin 1 are raised in unstable angina
		Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesised predominantly in the left ventricle as the prohormone prepro-BNP.
	heart.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/84/4/421 (2493 words)

	Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Test
		A brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test measures the amount of the BNP hormone in your blood.
		A brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test measures the amount of the BNP hormone in the blood.
		BNP values normally increase with age but will stay within a normal range unless heart failure is present.
	www.webmd.com /hw/heart_disease/ux1072.asp (781 words)

	Hormone brain natriuretic peptide can predict pulmonary hypertension
		Measuring levels of a hormone called brain natriuretic peptide in individuals with serious lung disease can predict the presence of pulmonary hypertension and a patient's potential death or survival, regardless of clinical severity or the cause of illness.
		BNP, a hormone produced by the heart, is activated by different cardiovascular diseases.
		The investigators concluded that BNP is a prognostic marker and a screening parameter for significant pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=17083 (507 words)

	Evaluation of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Atrial Granules of Rats with Experimental ...
		and that atrial expression of BNP mRNA is correlated with that
		Abassi Z, Burnett JC, Jr, Grushka E, Hoffman A, Haramati A, Winaver J (1991) Atrial natriuretic peptide and renal cGMP in rats with experimental heart failure.
		Pemberton CJ, Yandle TG, Charles CJ, Rademaker MT, Aitken GD, Espiner EA (1997) Ovine brain natriuretic peptide in cardiac tissues and plasma: effects of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure on tissue concentration and molecular forms.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/49/10/1293 (3947 words)

	The Effects of Pathophysiological Increments in Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction -- ...
		natriuretic peptide (ANP), are increased in acute and chronic
		natriuretic response to natriuretic peptides in cardiac impairment.
		Brain natriuretic factor: regional plasma concentrations and correlations with haemodynamic state in cardiac disease.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/3/398 (4534 words)

	Amino-Terminal Pro-Brain-Type Natriuretic Peptide: Heart or Lung Disease in Pediatric Respiratory Distress? -- Cohen et ...
		Brain natriuretic factor: regional plasma concentrations and correlations with hemodynamic state in cardiac disease.
		Brain natriuretic peptide levels in the umbilical venous plasma are elevated in fetal distress.
		Plasma brain natriuretic peptide in assessment of acute dyspnoea.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/115/5/1347 (2461 words)

	Plasma Concentrations of N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Control Children From the Neonatal to Adolescent ...
		Assessment of the stability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in vitro: implications for assessment of left ventricular dysfunction.
		Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic indicator in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension.
		Brain and atrial natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations in normal healthy children.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/110/6/e76 (3317 words)

	Measurement of Cardiac Natriuretic Hormones (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, Brain Natriuretic Peptide, and Related ...
		natriuretic peptide, the vessel dilator peptide, and the kaliuretic
		The assays of long-acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator
		Immunoradiometric assay of atrial natriuretic peptide in unextracted plasma.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/46/10/1529 (4206 words)

	Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Neutral Endopeptidase Inhibition in Left Ventricular Impairment -- Lainchbury et al. 84 ...
		Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Neutral Endopeptidase Inhibition in Left Ventricular Impairment -- Lainchbury et al.
		1988 Atrial natriuretic peptide in congestive heart failure in the dog: plasma levels, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, ultrastructure of atrial myoendocrine cells, and hemodynamic, hormonal and renal effects.
		1995 The role of kinins and atrial natriuretic peptide on the renal effects of neutral endopeptidase inhibitor in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/84/2/723 (4538 words)

	Plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration: impact of age and gender -- Redfield et al. 40 (5): 976 -- Journal of ...
		BNP increases in response to age-related alterations in cardiac
		Titration of vasodilator therapy in chronic heart failure according to plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration: randomized comparison of the hemodynamic and neuroendocrine effects of tailored versus empirical therapy.
		Evaluation of brain natriuretic peptide as marker of left ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy in the population.
	content.onlinejacc.org /cgi/content/full/40/5/976 (4826 words)

	Brain Natriuretic Peptide in the Management of Heart Failure: The Versatile Neurohormone -- de Denus et al. 125 (2): ...
		Pro-BNP is cleaved by a protease to NT-proBNP (ie, the inactive fragment) and BNP.
		BNP is the biologically active fragment of pro-BNP.
		Yoshimura, M, Yasue, H, Tanaka, H, et al Responses of plasma concentrations of A type natriuretic peptide and B type natriuretic peptide to alacepril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in patients with congestive heart failure.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/125/2/652 (7299 words)

	Reliability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide assay in diagnosis of heart failure: cohort study in ...
		Reliability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide assay in diagnosis of heart failure: cohort study in representative and high risk community populations -- Hobbs et al.
		One potential diagnostic aid is the assessment of patients by assay of brain natriuretic peptide.
		Natriuretic peptides in patients with diastolic dysfunction due to dilated cardiomyopathy.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/324/7352/1498 (4062 words)

	Clearance of Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Rabbits; Effect of the Kidney, the Natriuretic Peptide Clearance ...
		Hobbs RE, Miller LW, Bott-Silverman C, James KB, Rincon G and Grossbard EB (1996) Hemodynamic effects of a single intravenous injection of synthetic human brain natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
		Kenny AJ, Bourne A and Ingram J (1993) Hydrolysis of human and pig brain natriuretic peptides, urodilatin, C-type natriuretic peptide and some C-receptor ligands by endopeptidase-24.11.
		Mills RM, LeJemtel T, Chatterjee K and Liang C (1997) Hemodynamic effects of a 24 hour infusion of B-type natriuretic peptide (Natrecor) in patients with decompensated heart failure.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/289/2/976 (3807 words)

	Brain natriuretic peptide elevation and the development of atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass surgery ...
		Brain natriuretic peptide elevation and the development of atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass surgery -- Cosgrave et al.
		Gene expression of brain natriuretic peptide in isolated atrial and ventricular myocardium; influence of angiotensin II and diastolic fibre length.
		Natriuretic peptide levels in atrial fibrillation: a prospective hormonal and Doppler-echocardiographic study.
	icvts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/5/2/111 (2143 words)

	Monoclonal antibodies against N-Terminus proBNP - Patent 6960472
		The production of antibodies by means of peptide immunization is possible in principle but the affinity regarding the whole molecule generally is too low to reach the necessary sensitivity in a test procedure.
		In addition, there is a danger that when using peptides the antibodies obtained can for example identify the C-terminus of the peptide and can therefore only bind to this fragment of the whole molecule, thus resulting in antibodies which generally cannot bind to the whole molecule, or can do so to only a limited extent.
		A single peptide chain is usually not very immunogenic in experimental animals, and it is generally necessary to couple the peptide to a carrier protein such as KLH or bovine serum albumin.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6960472.html (3572 words)

	Procedure Brain Natriuretic Peptide
		*Interpretation* the BNP test should not be used as absolute evidence for congestive heart failure (CHF).
		The results should be interpreted along with clinical findings and other laboratory test results.
		Blood concentrations of bnp may be elevated in patients who are experiencing a myocardial infarction, in patients that are candidates for renal dialysis, in patients that have had renal dialysis, and in one out of four females patients that are greater than 75 years of age.
	health.ucsd.edu /labref/p741.html (116 words)

	Clinical Trial: Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Pregnancy
		To evaluate the maternal blood concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) during the second and third trimesters of a normal pregnancy.
		The brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a useful marker for volume overload, increased filling pressures and stretching of the myocardium.
		After baseline echocardiogram to detect individuals with asymptomatic structural defects, the participants will submit to 3 blood draws during the second and third trimester and at delivery to determine normal pregnancy values.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00324402 (275 words)

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