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Topic: Brain size and intelligence

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	Creationist Arguments: Brain Sizes
		Because the brain does not fill the cranial cavity, the brain size is smaller than the cranial capacity, but the latter value is, obviously, the only one that can be determined from a skull.
		Figures for the average brain size of modern humans tend to vary between sources, but a typical value is 1350 or 1400 cc (cubic centimetres).
		Chimpanzees have a brain size between 300 and 500 cc, with an average of 400 cc.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/homs/a_brains.html (1323 words)

	On brain size and intelligence
		Clearly, body size does not come close to explaining the huge increase in brain size in hominids, and it isn't even necessary to calculate EQ's to see this.
		It is quite simply a myth that brain size and IQ are empirically unrelated in modern populations.
		It is also a myth that brain size has never been shown to relate to behavioral differences in any non-human species.
	pubpages.unh.edu /~jel/brainIQ.html (630 words)

	Brain Size and Intelligence
		If intelligence is defined as the full spectrum of cognitive performance, surely no one would dispute that a human is more intelligent than a mouse, or that this difference is explained in part by the 3000-fold difference in the size of the brains of these species.
		Nineteenth-century enthusiasm for brain size as a simple measure of human performance was championed by some remarkably astute scientists (including Darwin's cousin Francis Galton and the French neurologist Paul Broca), as well as others whose motives and methods are now suspect (see Gould, 1978, 1981 for a fascinating and authoritative commentary).
		The implications of this analogy for the brain are straightforward.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?rid=neurosci.box.1833 (887 words)

	Brudirect.com - World Report
		Interest in the relationship between brain size and intelligence grew in the 1830s, when German anatomist Frederick Tiedmann wrote that he believed there was "an indisputable connection between the size of the brain and the mental energy displayed by the individual man."
		The relationship between brain size was stronger in women than men, and in adults than children, McDaniel notes in the journal Intelligence.
		McDaniel insisted that the relationship between brain size and intelligence is not a "perfect" one.
	www.brudirect.com /DailyInfo/News/Archive/June05/240605/wn03.htm (339 words)

	MEDNEPAL.com :: Brain Size Influences Intellectual Ability, News Details.
		The study involved testing of intelligence in 100 neurologically normal, terminally ill volunteers, who agreed that their brains be measured after death.
		In women, verbal intelligence was clearly correlated with brain size, accounting for 36 percent of the verbal IQ score.
		It may be that the size or structure of the localized brain regions which underlie spatial skills in men is related to spatial intelligence, as was shown in previous research in Witelson's lab on the brain of Albert Einstein.
	www.mednepal.com /news/news_details.php?id=144 (499 words)

	intelligence-99 perspectives
		Unlikenesses of this kind appear when we contrast the larger brained races with the smaller brained races--when from the comparatively judicical intellect of the civilized man, we pass to the intellect of the uncivilized man, sudden inferences, incapable of balancing evidence, and adhering obstinately to first impressions.
		Intelligence is the general apparatus that governs one's adaption to one's environment by generating structures (schemes, concepts) in interaction with that environment.
		Intelligence aids the child in constructing the concepts fundamental to knowledge of the world out of basic sensorimotor reflexes and interactions with the world.
	pubpages.unh.edu /~jel/512/intelligence98.html (2656 words)

	Brain Size and Cognition in Primates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Brain size is pretty much comparable to humans- ours is 5% of body weight and it takes 20% of our metabolic output.
		Howlers and spider monkeys, for instance, live in the same habitat and are roughly the same size, but one is folivorous and the other is frugivorous, and they have different brain sizes.
		If you live in a complex society, then you're going to have a brain that can grasp who's who and who's with you and who's against you and what they're going to do tomorrow and whether their friends are there.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~phyl/anthro/cognition.html (1849 words)

	Human brains enjoy ongoing evolution - brain - 09 September 2005 - New Scientist
		But it is not apparent whether the new genetic adaptations discovered in human brains have any effect on brain size, or intelligence.
		Both regulate brain size - people carrying a non-functioning mutant copy of these genes suffer microcephaly, where they have a normally structured brain that is much smaller than usual.
		This distinctive mutation is now in the brains of about 70% of humans, and half of this group carry completely identical versions of the gene.
	www.newscientist.com /channel/being-human/brain/dn7974 (633 words)

	The Science of Big Heads
		exists “an indisputable connection between the size of the brain and the mental
		on average, intelligence increases with increasing brain volume.
		I mean, quite literally, that his head was considerably larger than average for a man of his size.
	www.bigheadcaps.com /science.html (743 words)

	Neuroscience and intelligence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brain size is a rudimentary indicator of the intelligence of a brain, and many other factors affect the intelligence of a brain.
		Surprisingly, epidemiological studies have shown that intelligence is positively correlated with body height in human populations.
		A related study has reported that the correlation between brain size (reported to have a heritability of 0.85) and g is 0.4, and that correlation is mediated entirely by genetic factors (Posthuma et al 2002).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brain_size_and_intelligence (583 words)

	Science Netlinks: Science Updates
		Even though head size also depends on factors such as the muscularity of the head and thickness of the bone, it's very likely that a bigger head means a bigger brain.
		The most we can say about brain size and intelligence is that by and large, all other things being equal, people who have larger brains tend to have slightly higher I.Q.'s than people with smaller brains.
		Overall, though, many factors besides mere size probably contribute to how well a brain functions, including the way it's organized, how many nerve cells are packed in per square inch, the quality of nutrition and environmental stimulation that you get while your brain is developing, and a host of other issues.
	www.sciencenetlinks.org /sci_update.cfm?DocID=166 (872 words)

	Psycoloquy 10(012): Human Evolution Expanded Brains to Increase Motivational Ability,
		Skoyles (1999) considers the relationship between brain size and intelligence and proposes that the increase in brain weight from Homo erectus to modern Homo sapiens sapiens was associated with the capacity to develop expertise.
		Moreover, the brain size increase during the transition from Homo erectus cannot have been associated only with expertise capacity because there were also changes in the brain systems responsible for language, bipedal locomotion and self-control.
		Evolution selected the individuals with the brains that had the greatest ability to construct and maintain social motivational processes because the advantage of the ability presumably outweighed the handicaps relating to brain size.
	www.cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk /cgi/psyc/newpsy?10.012 (1922 words)

	Brain & Nervous System > Study Shows Big-Brained People Are Smarter
		Ever since German anatomist and physiologist Frederick Tiedmann wrote in 1836 that there exists "an indisputable connection between the size of the brain and the mental energy displayed by the individual man," scientists have been searching for biological evidence to prove his claim.
		Intelligence was measured with standardized intelligence tests, which have important consequences on peoples' lives, such as where they'll go to college or what kind of job they get.
		"But when intelligence is correlated with a biological reality such as brain volume, it becomes harder to argue that human intelligence can't be measured or that the scores do not reflect something meaningful," said McDaniel.
	www.emaxhealth.com /85/5287.html (423 words)

	Intelligence Linked to Child Brain Growth Patterns - Healthy Kids and Pediatrics - health and medical information ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In contrast, individuals of average intelligence underwent one of two patterns: a steady, but slower cortical thickness decline throughout childhood, or a short increase that peaked by age seven or eight, followed by a steady decline in thickness.
		The brain's frontal cortex is most directly related to the development of intellectual activity -- functions such as abstract reasoning, planning and other complex thought processes.
		Shaw's team conclude that intelligence is related to cortical growth patterns during childhood and adolescence, rather than to the quantity of gray matter a child has at any particular age.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=60800 (732 words)

	[No title]
		Both of these genes regulate brain size and therefore, said Lahn, were good candidates to look for signatures of selection.
		Although, on average, a man’s brain is 3 to 4 percent larger than a woman’s, both sexes score similarly on IQ tests.
		It might be that for the next two brain size genes we find, the variants favored by selection will have a higher frequency in Asians or Africans.
	www.perceptions.couk.com /brainsize.txt (1164 words)

	FuturePundit: Higher Intelligence Caused By Slower Brain Development
		Modern studies using MRI imaging shows a weak to moderate correlation between brain size and IQ (Harvey, Persaud, Ron, Baker, and Murray, 1994) and have shown that brain size correlates with IQ by a factor of approximately.40 among adults (McDaniel, 2005).
		It seems this is especially a concern in the brains of the children with the highest IQs; as I understand it, brain is "metabolically expensive" tissue.
		Whether a more intelligent woman is likely to contribute to a more intelligent child probably depends on whether the genes that make her more intelligent are paired like recessives or whether the intelligent set "won the draw" during the disabling of the set on one X chromosome.
	www.futurepundit.com /archives/003342.html (3135 words)

	Number 2 Pencil: Intelligence Category Archives
		An intelligence test given to Rosales in January put his IQ at 73 and other tests determined he is mildly retarded, according to his appeal.
		Regarding health, general intelligence may be a major cause of that difference, she contends.
		For instance, she says, the higher people are on the socioeconomic ladder, the higher they tend to score on tests of general intelligence, or g — a mental agility that includes skills such as reasoning and learning in all sorts of situations.
	www.kimberlyswygert.com /archives/cat_intelligence.html (4754 words)

	Brain & Mind Magazine: The Evolution of Human Intelligence (Renato M.E. Sabbatini)
		The appearance of intelligence, alongside with language (and both are inextricably intertwined, as we shall see later on) has been a spectacular step in animal evolution.
		Intelligence is a multifactorial entity, involving things such as language, thought, memory, imagination, reasoning, conscience (the perception of self), capacity for learning and integration of several sensory modalities.
		He proposes that intelligence is made of three integrated and interdependent aspects: the internal world, the relationships to the external world, and experiences which interrelates the internal and external worlds.
	www.cerebromente.org.br /n12/mente/evolution/evolution_i.html (1060 words)

	The question of intelligence
		Many people are interested in the relationship between body size and brain size.
		Second, if there is a general relationship between body and brain size, then we need to factor it out when talking about brain size and intelligence (or cognition)...
		There are multiple methods for studying the brain and its relationship to behavioral complexity.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/kinser/Int1.html (205 words)

	Mind Matters » Brain Research
		Larger animals generally tend to have larger brains but part of the reason was assumed to be the need to control their larger bodies.
		Although the researchers concluded that it is not always necessary to adjust for the correlation between body size and brain size in comparing intelligence across species, they do allow that body size cannot always be dismissed as a factor - larger bodies may need larger brains to accomodate greater neural traffic.
		Brain scans of the participants were also taken at the start of the study.
	www.brainboomer.com /category/brain-research (2021 words)

	the race/intelligence/IQ debate
		Such MRI studies, which construct three-dimensional models of the brain in vivo, show a correlation of about 0.40 between brain size and IQ, as replicable a set of results as can be found in the social and behavioral sciences.
		It follows that even if the difference in brain size is valid as an anthropometric trait, then while we would have an association between measured IQ and brain size, this would lead to a spurious association between "innate intelligence" and brain size.
		Thus the different populations were selected for various traits like brain size and intelligence and reductions in sex hormones (and twinning rates) as they diverged north and east.
	danny.oz.au /communities/anthro-l/debates/race-iq (4721 words)

	FSU anthropologist leads incredible journey through 'hobbit' brain
		Findings from "The Brain of LB1, Homo Floresiensis" appear in the March 3 edition of Science Express, the online version of the journal Science, and will be featured in a March 13 special edition of Explorer on the National Geographic Channel at 8 p.m.
		Given the hobbit's small brain, Falk, a paleoneurologist, was intrigued by the sophisticated tools and evidence of fire that archaeologists uncovered near the remains.
		The brain study supports the notion that the evolution of Homo floresiensis, a new species but closely related to Homo erectus, either reflected island dwarfing in response to limited food supplies or indicated that the two species may have shared an unknown, small-bodied and small-brained ancestor.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-03/fsu-fal030205.php (614 words)

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