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	Weapons of mass destruction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Weapons of mass destruction can be high explosives or nuclear, biological, chemical, and radiological weapons, but exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible part of the weapon.
		Weapons of mass destruction, especially nuclear weapons, are rarely used because their use is essentially an "invitation" for a WMD retaliation, which in turn could escalate into a war so destructive it could easily destroy huge segments of the world's population.
		Weapons of mass destruction are used to justify the Bush Doctrine of pre-emptive strikes against "rogue states" thought to be in danger of possessing or developing them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction (3379 words)

	Nuclear Weapons Programs - Brazil
		Brazil was faced with a technical dilemma: it could switch to natural uranium technology, which could be pursued independently; or it could continue to pursue the more costly and advanced enriched uranium technology, but with external assistance.
		The operation of pressurized light water reactors (PWR) adopted by Brazil for the generation of nuclear power in the Country use uranium that should be slightly enriched, that is, the light isotope uranium 235 that occurs in natural uranium with a proportion of 0.72%, should be enriched by 3.5%.
		Some observers have argued that Brazil is still seeking the technological capability to produce a nuclear bomb, despite the 1991 quadripartite agreement, the full ratification of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, and a provision in Brazil's 1988 constitution that bars the development of nuclear energy for anything but peaceful purposes.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/brazil/nuke.htm (3628 words)

	NTI: Glossary
		Chemical weapon (CW): Gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical substances with toxic properties that are delivered using munitions and dispersal devices to cause death or severe harm to humans, animals, and plants.
		Nuclear weapon: A device that releases nuclear energy in an explosive manner as the result of nuclear chain reactions involving the fission or fusion or both, of atomic nuclei.
		Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD): Nuclear, biological or chemical weapons.
	www.nti.org /e_research/e6_glossary.html (9770 words)

	Greenpeace finds WMDs \| Greenpeace International
		UN Weapons Inspectors and citizen weapons inspectors are welcome to use our map to check up on just where those elusive Weapons of Mass Destruction have been hiding.
		Greenpeace activists dressed as missiles appeared at the missions of the nuclear weapons states in Geneva as the meeting began to demand "inspectors" symbolically dismantle the cardboard arsenals.
		All nuclear weapon states should commit to the goal of eliminating their illegal nuclear arsenals and halting the development of new nuclear weapons or the "refurbishment" of existing ones.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/news/greenpeace-finds-wmds (771 words)

	Weapons of mass destruction \| Greenpeace International
		There is a need for global disarmament and the elimination of weapons of mass destruction, including by all five permanent members of the Security Council and any other countries that possess them.
		Funding the safeguarding and destruction of nuclear weapons and materials in the countries of the former Soviet Union by the United States is crucial if the proliferation of nuclear weapons is to be curtailed.
		Coupled with Bush's planning for the possible use of nuclear weapons against Iraq (or any other possible aggressor), and his plans to build new nuclear weapons, this shows that the US is in material breach of the NPT as well as other international nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament treaties.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/campaigns/abolish-nuclear-weapons/say-no-to-war/war-on-iraq/weapons-of-mass-destruction (680 words)

	Weapons of mass destruction - SourceWatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		"Weapons of mass destruction (WMD)--nuclear, biological, and chemical--in the possession of hostile states and terrorists represent one of the greatest security challenges facing the United States." Also included in this category are missiles capable of reaching both the United States and U.S. interests abroad.
		Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East (http://cns.miis.edu/research/wmdme/), Monterey Institute of International Studies, September 2001.
		John Steinbach, Israeli Weapons of Mass Destruction: a Threat to Peace (http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/02.03/0331steinbachisraeli.htm), DC Iraq Coalition/Centre for Research on Globalisation (CRG), globalresearch.ca, March 3, 2002.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Weapons_of_mass_destruction (1645 words)

	Nuclear Weapon Design
		The minimum mass of fissile material that can sustain a nuclear chain reaction is called a critical mass and depends on the density, shape, and type of fissile material, as well as the effectiveness of any surrounding material (called a reflector or tamper) at reflecting neutrons back into the fissioning mass.
		The chain reaction in a supercritical mass increases rapidly in intensity until the heat generated by the nuclear reactions causes the mass to expand so greatly that the assembly is no longer critical.
		In the simpler gun-type device, two subcritical masses are brought together by using a mechanism similar to an artillery gun to shoot one mass (the projectile) at the other mass (the target).
	www.fas.org /nuke/intro/nuke/design.htm (3646 words)

	Guile, Gas and Germs: Syria's Ultimate Weapons - Middle East Quarterly - Summer 2002
		Chemical weapons, he argued, could only be eliminated in the context of a total elimination of all WMD.
		Syrian chemical weapons are apparently maintained or exercised adjacent to the Golan.
		[7] Theodore Hotchkiss Clark, "Proliferation of Surface-to-Surface Missiles and Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Emerging Role of Tactical Missile Defense in Israel, Syria and Iran" (Ph.D. diss., Tufts University, 1993), pp.
	www.meforum.org /article/493 (4399 words)

	Weapons of mass deception - SourceWatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		An issue at the core of these conflicts, and reflected in many of the claims on all sides about the outcome of events in Iraq, and consequently in most arguments about this conflict, is that of "weapons of mass destruction" or "WMD".
		The term WMD is itself a fascinating conceptual metaphor, as all weapons by definition produce destruction, and more effective weapons do more destruction, also by definition.
		Such weapons as cluster bombs and land mines, in which the U.S. and U.K. lead, are defined as "safe".
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Weapons_of_mass_deception (4050 words)

	UNODC - Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction
		So far, the use of weapons of mass destruction by terrorists has largely been confined to science fiction literature, but today's fiction can become tomorrow's fact if no preventive measures are taken in time.
		Another is that "Terrorists want a lot of people watching, not a lot of people dead", indicating that the risk of terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction is low.
		It was only in the First World War that what we today call weapons of mass destruction were introduced in the form of chemical weapons.
	www.unodc.org /terrorism_weapons_mass_destruction.html (344 words)

	U.S. Urges Adoption of Resolution on Weapons of Mass Destruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The U.S.-sponsored draft resolution on weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is the quickest way to stem the threat that terrorist groups will acquire the deadly weapons, U.S. Ambassador James Cunningham said April 22.
		Terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda have shown their willingness to kill thousands, and they do not hide their desire to acquire weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery in order to increase that number many times over.
		It asks member states to take precautions to ensure that weapons of mass destruction and their technology are properly controlled.
	usinfo.state.gov /xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2004&m=April&x=20040423143805adynned0.7153284&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html (1507 words)

	Wash. Instit.: Missiles and WMDs in Iraq and Iran - 3-23-98
		Nuclear Weapons Iran's known nuclear technology base is at present rather rudimentary, although it is building an extensive civilian nuclear infrastructure that could serve as a stepping stone to a weapons program.
		Experience has shown that American experience in weapons development and employment often has limited utility in providing templates that could be used to gauge the progress of foreign missile and WMD programs, because potential proliferators are likely to take shortcuts or embrace approaches that most Americans would not countenance.
		Because missiles or WMD are rarely tested until used in combat, it is the assumed capabilities of fielded weapons, not their actual capabilities, that are important in shaping the perceptions of publics and decisionmakers in potential target states.
	www.iraqwatch.org /perspectives/winep-miss-wmd-3-23-98.htm (4254 words)

	Brazil
		However, Brazil's president Lula da Silva has criticized the NPT because it favors countries that already have nuclear weapons.
		But last week Brazil announced that in a few months it will start producing enriched uranium, which means it will be able to make nuclear weapons on relatively short notice.
		By announcing that Brazil will produce enriched uranium, Lula was declaring his independence and thumbing his nose at those globalization agencies and at the U.S. It's no longer so clear that Brazil is undoubtedly friendly.
	www.ccmep.org /2004_articles/iraq/1_8_04_Brazil_the.htm (1182 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Americas \| In quotes: US policy on Iraq
		Although we have not found stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction, we were right to go into Iraq...
		We removed a declared enemy of America, who had the capability of producing weapons of mass destruction and could have passed that capability to terrorists bent on acquiring them....
		He claims to have no chemical or biological weapons, yet we know he continues to hide biological and chemical weapons, moving them to different locations as often as every 12 to 24 hours, and placing them in residential neighbourhoods.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/3433613.stm (888 words)

	Disarmament Diplomacy: - Clinton letter on weapons of mass destruction 'emergency'
		The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction continues to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States.
		It will constrain the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons; end the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons; contribute to the prevention of nuclear proliferation and the process of nuclear disarmament; and strengthen international peace and security.
		NSG membership increased to 34 with acceptance of Brazil, the Republic of Korea and Ukraine at the 1996 Buenos Aires Plenary.
	www.acronym.org.uk /dd/dd10/10wmd.htm (1746 words)

	IAEA Iraq Action Team- nwp2
		Iraq's explanation of its progress towards the finalisation of a workable design for its nuclear weapons was considered to be consistent with the resources and time scale indicated by the available programme documentation.
		All known indigenous facilities capable of producing uranium compounds useful to a nuclear programme were destroyed during the Gulf War; IAEA inspected and completed the destruction of facilities; IAEA monitored the sites as part of their OMV activities.
		All known indigenous facilities capable of producing uranium compounds useful for fuel fabrication and for isotopic enrichment were destroyed during the Gulf War; IAEA inspected and completed the destruction of facilities; IAEA monitored the sites as part of their OMV activities.
	www.iaea.or.at /worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/nwp2.html (1310 words)

	Brazil: The Next Nuclear "Threat"?
		As a close presidential election comes down to the wire, one issue dominates: the threat of weapons of mass destruction in.
		And Brazil is a peaceful member of the international community.
		But Brazil "presents the case of an undoubtedly friendly nation." Brazil would never use the weapons, Goodby concludes: "Brazil's nuclear aspirations lie in the fields of economics and status."
	www.commondreams.org /views04/0102-04.htm (1175 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Chilling Survey by Henry Rowen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		With the nuclear weapons legacy from the former Soviet Union to Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, the number of nations possessing nuclear weapons grew to twelve in 1992.
		Argentina and Brazil, both of which have dropped their nascent nuclear weapon programs, are also in relatively benign environments.
		In short, the ability to deliver weapons of mass destruction long distances is inexorably increasing, and although Europe is closer to some possible launch sites than is the United States, the difference in exposure, if any, will not last long.
	www.hooverdigest.org /981/rowen.html (1153 words)

	Pravda.RU The Double Standards of the Weapons of Mass Destruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction, if he’s still got them, will be peanuts by comparison with the stuff Israel or America could hurl at him at five minutes’ notice.”
		Weapons of mass destruction have been saved all over the world.
		The biological weapons was launched in January of 1952, when the USA dropped cans of infected insects on the deployment sites of Chinese troops in Korea.
	english.pravda.ru /main/2003/01/25/42536.html (3671 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission Established
		The Commission is expected to present realistic proposals aimed at the greatest possible reduction of the dangers of weapons of mass destruction, including both short-term and long-term approaches and both non-proliferation and disarmament aspects.
		Outside substantive contributions about future measures to reduce the danger of weapons of mass destruction are welcome from institutions as well as civil society and governments.
		During the 1980's and 1990's, several international commissions focussed partly or entirely on the issues of weapons of mass destruction, i.e.
	www.opcw.org /cdq/html/cdq5/cdq5_art4.html (845 words)

	Small arms are weapons of mass destruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Small arms are weapons of mass destruction, killing hundreds of thousands of people around the world each year.
		These lethal weapons are relatively cheap, highly portable, easily concealable, long lasting, and so easy to operate that a child as young as eight years old can carry and use them.
		The term ‘small arms and light weapons’ refers to weapons that can be carried by a single person, either for military or civilian use.
	www.iansa.org /media/wmd.htm (1006 words)

	Ex-spy fingers Russians on WMD - The Washington Times: Editorials/OP-ED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Soviet Union and all its bloc states always had a standard operating procedure for deep sixing weapons of mass destruction — in Romanian it was codenamed "Sarindar, meaning "emergency exit."Iimplemented it in Libya.
		Chemical weapons, especially those produced in Third Worldcountries,which lack sophisticated production facilities, often do not retainlethal properties after a few months on the shelf and are routinely dumped anyway.
		The Cold War was fought over the reluctance to use weapons of mass destruction, yet now this logic is something only senior citizens seem to recall.
	www.washtimes.com /op-ed/20030820-081256-6822r.htm (1384 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction — Not! - by Gordon Prather
		The scare-monger battle cry is that terrorists are planning to use various weapons of mass destruction on each and everyone of you.
		Contrary to what the scare-mongers have told you, an RDD is in no sense a weapon of mass destruction.
		It does not contain a critical mass of fissile material – such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239.
	www.antiwar.com /prather?articleid=5927 (856 words)

	Environmental Issues \| GM Food \| Nuclear Power \| GREENPEACE UK
		Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are a real and growing threat, however war is an ineffective way to deal with WMD.
		A strengthened framework of international treaties on nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, backed up by legally-binding verification regimes, properly resourced and implemented fairly, could provide a stable basis for controlling the spread of weapons of mass destruction - and disarming those nations that already have them.
		Export controls must be strengthened to ensure that dual use technologies are not transferred to countries that are not in full compliance with the NPT, the CWC and the BWC.
	www.greenpeace.org.uk /contentlookup.cfm?ucidparam=20030307104626&Menupoint=D-J&CFID=411677&CFTOKEN=1370621 (160 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction
		Given the history of Saddam Hussein's use of chemical weapons in Iraq, he said, "we have to be extremely careful" to comply with treaties and the rules of war.
		Hussein's use of chemical weapons in the 1980's and the use of white phosphorus by the American-led forces.
		IAEA nuclear inspectors have not found any evidence of a weapons program but several serious questions about the scale, scope and history of the program remain unanswered and have fueled suspicion that Iran is concealing information.
	homelandsecurity.osu.edu /focusareas/weapons.html (15526 words)

	Wayne Madsen: When Lying Pays Off
		After being caught lying about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction to prove their flimsy case that Iraq was a world class threat, the neo-cons now are planting fabricated documents in the rubble of Iraqi intelligence and secret police facilities.
		They first said the war was to rid the world of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear, chemical, and biological.
		When no nuclear weapons were found and after a document purporting that Iraq purchased uranium from the West African nation of Niger was shown to be fake, the list of reasons for the war was pared down to the chem-bio weapons.
	www.counterpunch.org /madsen05092003.html (1650 words)

	Beyond Iraq — The Scourge of Weapons of Mass Destruction by The Globalist - The Globalist > > Global Security
		The ousting of Saddam Hussein has all but eclipsed the fact that Iraq is far from the only country where weapons of mass destruction capability are of great concern to the global community.
		"In the Cold War, weapons of mass destruction were considered weapons of last resort.
		"We keep hearing about 'weapons of mass destruction' — but this is not an accurate description of biological weapons.
	www.theglobalist.com /DBWeb/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=3124 (953 words)

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