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Topic: Brazilian Communist Party

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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Communist party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Communist Party of the United States was considered within the political mainstream during the 1930s and 1940s, but the advent of the Cold War got it declared illegal for a time and led to McCarthyism, a vigorous anti-Communist political repression movement in America during the 1950s which effectively destroyed the American Communist Party's influence.
		Members of communist parties were persecuted in many countries in the early Cold War period, when anticommunist sentiment was fueled by Western governments as part of their Cold War strategy.
		Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers - Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Communist_party (1489 words)

	Brazilian Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On that day, nine representatives of communist groups from the cities of São Paulo, Santos, Cruzeiro (in countryside São Paulo), Porto Alegre, Recife, Niterói, Juiz de Fora and Rio de Janeiro met and approved the party's statutes and the twenty-one conditions for entering the Communist International.
		The factionalization of the party accelerated after a new Manifesto was passed in 1958, proposing new ways of achieving communist goals.
		The 1982 Congress confirmed the "revisionist" agenda, declaring the PCB "a party of the masses, linking socialist goals to true democracy, which will be constructed based on the values of freedom".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brazilian_Communist_Party (1110 words)

	Communist Party of Brazil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On March 31, 1964, as Brazilian President João Goulart was overthrown by the military in a US-backed coup d'état which started a twenty-year-long military dictatorship, the party advocated the country's return to democracy.
		In September of the same year, it was the first party to ask for the impeachment of president Fernando Collor de Mello, accused of corruption.
		The PCdoB was legally recognized as a political party by Brazilian Electoral Superior Court on June 23, 1988.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil (715 words)

	Communist Parties of the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		(Strana Demokratickej L'avice, SDL'), formerly the Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS)
		(Narodno-Demokratychna Partiya, NDP), Ukraine, one of the successors of the the Communist Party of Ukraine (KPU)
		(Sotsialistychna Partiya Ukrainy, SPU), one of the successors of the the Communist Party of Ukraine (KPU)
	www.broadleft.org /communis.htm (1293 words)

	Guardian \| Apolonio de Carvalho
		The PT was a unique political party, formed out of the radical movements born of the struggle against the dictatorship.
		Carvalho became vice president of a party whose aim was the creation of a principled and forceful instrument of social justice against one of the world's most corrupt and unjust ruling elites.
		He died at a tragic moment in the party's history: activists are having to come to terms with Lula's accommodation with neo-liberal economics and the fact that their party is governing on the basis of systematic corruption.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5297965-111023,00.html (698 words)

	Encyclopedia
		Encouraged by his brother, a member of the banned Brazilian Communist party, he took an active role in the Metalworkers’ Trade Union of São Bernardo do Campo and Diadema, which represented some 100,000 workers in the São Paulo metropolitan region.
		He ran unsuccessfully as the PT candidate for the Brazilian presidency in 1989, 1994, and 1998.
		The first Brazilian president to come from the working class, Lula took office on Jan. 1, 2003, pledging to end hunger, implement land reform, combat corruption, and stimulate economic growth.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..lu101950.a (440 words)

	Cândido Portinari - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Candido Portinari (December 29, 1903 - February 6, 1962) was one of the most important Brazilian painters and also a prominent and influential practitioner of the neo-realism style in painting.
		Born of Italian immigrants in a coffee plantation near Brodowski, in São Paulo Portinari studied at the Escola Nacional de Belas Artes (ENBA) in Rio de Janeiro.
		He joined the Brazilian Communist Party and stood for senator in 1947 but had to flee Brazil for Uruguay due to the persecution of Communists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Candido_Portinari (167 words)

	Marxists Writers Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		German Jew expelled from the COmmunist Party for suporting Leon Trotsky, fled to France and later Norway he was eventually assassinated by a Stalinist agent.
		Founder of Communist Party and in 1935 of the POUM in Spain.
		Expelled from the Communist Party for "right-wing deviation" in 1928 as main theorist for the Brandlerites.
	www.marxists.org /archive (2248 words)

	Socialist and Communist Parties (Brazil) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Typical communist party with a typical communist flag: red with a large hammer and sickle centered and the initials PCB below.
		Another communist party, with a somewhat original communist flag--original in having the hammer and sickle within an oval or circular ring.
		The situation of the Brazilian communist parties is quite confusing, since this party seems to have emanated from the PCB which, however, keeps existing.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/br-pol3.html (793 words)

	Brazilian President party received money from FARC, say documents - Wikinews
		The Workers' Party (PT) is the party of the Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
		PT is one of the biggest left-wing parties in Latin America and at this moment the strongest and more organized party from Brazil.
		Together with hundred of left-wing parties and movements in Latin America (among PT, PSB, PPS and the Brazilian PDT), the FARC is part of Foro de São Paulo.
	en.wikinews.org /wiki/Brazilian_President_party_received_money_from_FARC,_say_documents (2964 words)

	BookRags: Luiz Carlos Prestes Biography
		Prestes and the Communists spoke in the name of the ANL without the authorization of its non-Communist leaders; and when the ANL was outlawed, Prestes led an attempted military insurrection in its name.
		When the group who had run the party while he was in hiding tried to challenge Prestes's control, they were expelled in 1961 and established a rival pro-Chinese Communist party.
		Prestes remained secretary general of the Communist party, although his control was apparently contested by elements opposed to what they conceived to be his inept leadership.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/luiz-carlos-prestes (965 words)

	Brazil - The Political Party System
		The Brazilian Communist Party (Partido Comunista Brasileiro--PCB), led by Luis Carlos Prestes, operated freely from 1945 through 1947, but the STF (Federal Supreme Court) canceled its registry in early 1948.
		In 1985 Congress passed legislation easing the requirements for organizing new parties; thus, the ANC (National Constituent Assembly) seated eleven parties in 1987, nineteen in 1991, and eighteen in 1995.
		The party system suffered considerable fragmentation during the late 1980s and early 1990s, especially because of an exodus from the largest parties--PMDB and PFL (Liberal Front Party)--after 1988, similar to the factionalization in the 1950s and early 1960s.
	countrystudies.us /brazil/90.htm (740 words)

	Neocommunist rise -- excerpts
		Most of the continent's leftist parties are \naffiliated to the São Paulo Forum, the general headquarters of Latin-American \nneo-communism, founded in 1990 by Fidel Castro and Luis Inacio Lula da Silva.
		It is more than obvious \nthat the revelation of the ties between the Workers Party and illegal and \nviolent organizations such as the colombian narcoguerrilla or the Chilean MIR \nwould instantly frustrate Lula's victory, but Serra was decided rather to \ndisgrace his own candidacy than betraying their secret.
		It is more than obvious that the revelation of the ties between the Workers Party and illegal and violent organizations such as the colombian narcoguerrilla or the Chilean MIR would instantly frustrate Lula's victory, but Serra was decided rather to disgrace his own candidacy than betraying their secret.
	www.olavodecarvalho.org /english/texts/neocommunist_rise.htm (2154 words)

	CHNN, No 2, October 1996: Some Recent Books
		Following the path of other communist parties around the world, the majority of the delegates decided to change the name, the symbol and the structure of the party creating a new one.
		The PCB was the most enduring political party in Brazilian political history, even though it faced difficult periods throughout its existence.
		She argues it was really the Brazilian communists with their characteristic self-confidence who, during a meeting in Moscow, had convinced the Comintern of the preeminence of the Brazilian revolution, thus giving a very distorted and inflated perspective of their own possibilities.
	les.man.ac.uk /chnn/CHNN02CCC.html (1550 words)

	Michael Lowy on Brazil's Labor Party -- Logos Spring 2003
		The formation of the Labor party during the years 1979-81 was due to a confluence of diverse currents each of which brought its particular sensibility and contribution to the construction of the party.
		It is also the victory of a mass party, of both the militants and sympathizers that poured into the streets, submerging the streets and the public places of major provincial capitals within Brazil with hundreds of thousands of people dancing, singing and waving red flags with the five-pointed star of the Labor party.
		The Labor party acts as a coalition government where certain key posts have been given to representatives of the dominant élites, but the left wing of the Labor party is not absent.
	www.logosjournal.com /lowy.htm (4373 words)

	Remembering Carlos Marighela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He left the Party in 1967 deeply influenced by the Tricontinental Conference held in Havana in 1966, and the conference of the Organization for Latin American Solidarity, also held in Havana, in 1967, which brought together revolutionaries from all corners of the continent.
		He maintained that the Party was unable to resist the fascist coup since, ideologically, the Party subordinated its policies, and the interests of the working class, to the policies and interests of the bourgeoisie.
		On the contrary, the issue is often a question of the survival of the worker's party, and the survival of the most militant comrades within it.
	bethuneinstitute.org /documents/marighela.html (2077 words)

	Brazil - Brazilian Communist Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1993 the Brazilian Communist Party (Partido Comunista Brasileiro--PCB), in a stormy national convention led by its president, Deputy Roberto Freire, removed Marxist-Leninist doctrine from the party statutes and the hammer and sickle from its flag, and changed its name to the PPS (Popular Socialist Party).
		Prestes presided over the party until the early 1980s, when he was ousted by a renovated Euro-communist faction that had tired of his Stalinist line.
		The Communist Party of Brazil (Partido Comunista do Brasil--PC do B) was created as an underground splinter from the PCB in 1958, following Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's denunciations of Stalinist atrocities.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-1773.html (344 words)

	Communist Party of Ireland
		Speech by Seán Edwards, member of the National Executive Committee, CPI, at an international gathering of communist and workers’ parties in Istanbul jointly organised by the Communist Party of Turkey and the Communist Party of Greece.
		Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia [Czech Republic]
		Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
	www.communistpartyofireland.ie /idirnais-en.html (212 words)

	Background Notes: Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Brazilian government programs to establish reservations and to provide other forms of assistance have been in effect for years but are increasingly controversial.
		In the presidential elections, the PC do B was one of three parties in the Brazilian Popular Front (PF) coalition formed to support the PT candidacy of Lula.
		Brazilian trade practices, including prohibition of some imports and difficult import licensing procedures, market reserve requirements on computer products, and the lack of intellectual property protection (especially patents in certain areas)--led to frictions with the United States and other major trading partners.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/wha/brazil9010.html (5091 words)

	The Brazilian 2002 Elections: A Stacked Deck? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Communist and socialist parties worldwide are recasting themselves and rethinking their unpopular ways.
		Cyro Gomes represents the People’s Socialist Party, the former Brazilian Communist Party.
		Anthony Garotinho is from the Socialist Party of Brazil.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/732654/posts (1283 words)

	[No title]
		Contradictions between the party, the movement, and the government are normal, given the conditions we find ourselves in,” argues Ubiratan de Souza, a member of the DS current [and an official of the RS Budget and Finance Department].
		The Brazilian workers’ government might borrow from the experience of the RS Participatory Budget, but it would be separated from it by a crucial event: the Brazilian socialist revolution.
		The next most important lesson is the form the Brazilian upsurge took: a CIO-type union upsurge drawing in all the struggles of the exploited and the oppressed and generalizing itself in the formation of a mass workers’ party.
	www.laborstandard.org /New_Postings/Brazil_by_Johnson.htm (4755 words)

	CNN - Cardoso favored for re-election in Sunday's Brazilian ballot - October 3, 1998
		Also up for grabs Sunday are the governorships of Brazil's 27 states, all 513 seats in the lower house of Congress, a third of the 81 Senate seats and 1,045 posts in state assemblies.
		His candidacy is supported by a number of other left and left-of-center parties, including the Democratic Labor Party, the Brazilian Socialist Party, the Communist Party of Brazil and the Brazilian Communist Party.
		He is supported by the conservative Liberal Front Party and also by the Brazilian Labor Party, the Brazilian Progressive Party and the Social Democratic Party.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/americas/9810/03/brazil.election/index.html (835 words)

	Communist Parties and Groups (Brazil) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The PCB is the remnant left behind when the main portion of the old (pro-USSR) Brazilian Communist Party became the Popular Socialist Party (PPS) in 1993.
		The flag is defined in Article 5 of the party statute: "red with the symbol of the hammer and sickle and the initials PCB in yellow." The PCB failed to elect any federal deputies or senators in the 2002 election.
		During the Brazilian presidential election campaign of 2002, I found a number of photos of the PCdoB flag, all with the ring around the hammer and sickle and the initials in an inverted arc at the bottom, all in white.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/br}comm.html (634 words)

	Marxist May Win the Presidency in Brazil This Fall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Even though his party is a fairly recent offshoot of the Brazilian Communist Party, Gomes, is invariably mischaracterized in the liberal "mainstream" press as a "center-left" candidate.
		The Brazilian right, whose candidate bowed out of the race amid corruption allegations, is badly fractured and has divided most of its support between Serra and Gomes.
		Constantine Mendes, a senior fellow with the Hudson Institute has characterized Gomes as "the Communist candidate." In fact, Gomes was a member of the largest centrist party of Brazil until a few years ago and is a fairly recent convert to socialism.
	www.american-partisan.com /cols/2002/pyne/qtr3/0829.htm (1162 words)

	Brazil - Minor Parties in Congress
		Dubbed the businessman's Workers' Party, the Liberal Party rapidly supplanted the Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal--PFL) in São Paulo.
		After Collor's election, the party increased its congressional delegation in 1990, but had a dismal performance in the October 3 elections that year: forty deputies and only 7 percent of the vote, and no governors.
		Resurrected in 1986 from the pre-1964 Socialist Party, the left-wing Brazilian Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Brasileiro--PSB) elected seven representatives to the ANC (National Constituent Assembly).
	countrystudies.us /brazil/92.htm (659 words)

	Statement of Communist and Workers’ Parties
		As communist and workers' parties struggling for peace, social justice, progress and socialism, we support the legitimate right of the Iraqi people to resist occupation.
		We demand the immediate withdrawal of all occupation forces as a prerequisite for a democratic and sovereign Iraq, legal action against the crimes of the invaders and full compensation for the damage they caused.
		Communist Workers' Party of Russia — Party of the Russian Communists
	journals.aol.com /bloomingtoncp/news/entries/2006/03/28/-statement-of-communist-and-workers-parties-/2484 (240 words)

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