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Topic: Brazilian Democratic Movement

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	Brazilian Democratic Movement Party PMDB
		The Brazilian Democratic Movement (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro--MDB), the political opposition to the military regime, began mobilizing national support in the late 1970s.
		Like the PTB (Brazilian Labor Party) in the early 1960s, the MDB was on the verge of becoming a mass political party when Congress dissolved it in 1979.
		The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro--PMDB) won nine governorships in 1982 and elected Tancredo Neves in the electoral college of January 1985 in alliance with the PFL.
	www.floridabrasil.com /brazil/about-Brazil-Political-Party-System-Brazilian-Democratic-Movement-Party.htm (327 words)

	Brazilian Democratic Movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Donations are tax-deductible in the U.S. and may be elsewhere.
		The Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) was a centrist political party in Brazil that existed from 1965 to 1979.
		In 1979, in an attempt to split-up the opposition, the military government abolished the two-party system, and the MDB became the Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement"(PMDB).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brazilian_Democratic_Movement (194 words)

	Brazilian Democratic Movement, Party of the -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Brazilian Democratic Movement, Party of the -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB) was founded in 1980 by members of the Brazilian Democratic Movement, which had been created in the mid-1960s as the official opposition to the military government but had dissolved in 1979.
		"Brazilian Democratic Movement, Party of the." Encyclopædia Britannica.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9389400 (93 words)

	Brazil - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Brazilian airmen joined the Allied armies, and a naval squadron was dispatched to European waters to cooperate with the Allied fleets.
		Seen by some as a Brazilian version of Mussolini, Vargas pursued a policy of economic nationalism, together with the centralization of industry, and he set in hand the gradual reduction of the export taxes between the states of the union.
		He was the head of the newly formed Social Democratic Party, one of whose aims was to form a federal democratic republic.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Brazil (3404 words)

	Brazil - Brazzil Magazine - Time for Reform
		Brazilian political parties are best understood as shifting groups of self-interested individuals who find it convenient to come together under a bland banner that usually includes words such as progressive, social, or democratic.
		The military, which saw themselves as the guardians of the Brazilian state, were concerned that groups on the left were exploiting the rising tide of frustration and might actually resort to force to accomplish their reform agenda.
		Brazilian consumers of lamb meat in the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and throughout Brazil are the ones who will benefit the most from a partnership...
	www.brazzil.com /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=8219 (9117 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Western Hemisphere
		Brazilian Government programs to establish reservations for them and to provide other forms of assistance have existed for years but are controversial and often ineffective.
		Consistent with the Brazilian constitution, Vice President Itamar Franco took office and governed for the remainder of his term in office culminating in the 1994 presidential elections, when Fernando Henrique Cardoso was elected President.
		Brazil's major parties are: --Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB): Brazil's largest party, a loosely-knit coalition of politicians from across the political spectrum.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/wha/brazil9503.html (3998 words)

	After the overthrow of the government of Joao Goulart in April of 1964
		Brazilian generals established the National Security Doctrine under which they believed that the military was the only force in Brazil that could win a war against “communism.” The generals ruled be decree and via an alliance with technocrats from the UDN (National Democratic Union Party, a conservative party in Brazil).
		Rebuild the democratic project- This means stressing improving the lives of the poor majority, reorganizing the economy more on the basis of an internal market versus the neoliberal approach of serving the international market, agrarian reform, economic reconstruction through improving infrastructure (roads, bridges, public facilities, hospitals).
		For example, the MST movement of the landless supports a whole new model of agricultural development that goes beyond land reform to address worker education, housing, and grass-roots community governance that might be too radical for many PT members.
	www.intranet.csupomona.edu /~jmvadi/PLS444/Brazil.htm (3579 words)

	Social Research: Puzzles of women's rights in Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Brazilian women's capabilities and opportunities--in terms of life expectancy, literacy, and labor force participation--have steadily increased.
		Other Brazilian feminist NGOs have, among other activities, worked to educate women on their legal rights, have provided family planning and sex education services, and have trained police officers and judges to better handle cases of violence against women.
		Brazilians are now less likely to see domestic violence as a matter of family privacy (Linhares Barsted, 1994).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2267/is_3_69/ai_94227139 (1314 words)

	Election Resources on the Internet: Federal Elections in Brazil
		The 1988 constitution stipulates that the Federative Republic of Brazil is a legal democratic state, in which all power emanates from the people, who exercise it by means of elected representatives or directly.
		The conservative Democratic Social Party (PDS) emerged as a successor of the governmental National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), while the opposition Brazilian Democratic Movement reconstituted itself as the PMDB.
		Two groups sought to re-establish the Brazilian Labour Party (PTB) of the late president Getúlio Vargas, who ruled Brazil as a dictator from 1930 to 1945, and as a democratically elected president from 1951 until 1954, when he committed suicide.
	electionresources.org /br (1601 words)

	Socialism Today - Lula election victory
		It brought together in one single political movement of the left urban movements influenced by the rank-and-file of the progressive Catholic Church, the rural workers’ movements, left intellectuals, and the remnants of old left organisations, splits from the Communist Party and the armed resistance to the dictatorship.
		The October 1980 founding manifesto declared that "the PT is born of the political will of the workers, who are tired of being manipulated by the politicians and parties committed to maintaining the present economic, social and political order".
		The absence of a clear socialist project and the pressure exerted by the positions the PT had won within the bourgeois state, caused a turn to the right that was a feature of the PT during most of the 1990s.
	www.socialismtoday.org /71/lula.html (4350 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Western Hemisphere
		Brazilian agriculture is highly diversified, and the country is largely self-sufficient in food.
		Four major groups make up the Brazilian population: the Portuguese, who colonized in the 16th century; Africans brought to Brazil as slaves; various other European, Middle Eastern, and Asian immigrant groups who have settled in Brazil since the mid-19th century; and indigenous people of Tupi and Guarani language stock.
		Brazilian Government programs to establish reservations and to provide other forms of assistance have existed for years but are controversial and often ineffective.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/wha/brazil9707.html (4105 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Betting on Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cardoso had promised a painful economic reform plan if re-elected: the country is in the grip of a recession, with a staggering $300 billion internal debt; the budget deficit is ballooning and currently stands at more than $60 billion; and unemployment is rampant, with an estimated 15 million unemployed people.
		The Brazilian electorate, it seems, has a lot of faith in the magic of Cardoso's Plano Real, the economic reform programme that slashed Brazil's 2,400 per cent inflation.
		The Brazilian Progressive Party (PPB) led by Paulo Maluf, a Brazilian of Lebanese descent, won 53 seats in the lower house of parliament -- the Chamber of Deputies -- and only one seat in the Federal Senate -- the upper house of the Brazilian parliament.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1998/398/in1.htm (1314 words)

	Brazil - Major Parties in Congress
		The Progressive Renewal Party (Partido Progressista Renovador--PPR) was organized by the fusion of the PDS (Democratic Social Party) and the Christian Democratic Party (Partido Democrático Cristão--PDC) in April 1993.
		The Brazilian Labor Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro--PTB), a pre-1964 leftist party, was resurrected as center-rightist in 1980.
		A center-left group of the PMDB (Brazilian Democratic Movement Party) organized the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira--PSDB) in June 1988.
	countrystudies.us /brazil/91.htm (1772 words)

	Brazil - MSN Encarta
		The military regime dissolved the existing parties in 1965 and created a two-party structure consisting of the government-sponsored party, the National Renovating Alliance, and an opposition, the Brazilian Democratic Movement.
		The major parties to emerge were the Brazilian Social Democratic Party and the Democratic Workers’ Party on the center-left; the centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement Party; the Liberal Front Party and the Brazilian Labor Party on the center-right; and the right-wing Progressive Party.
		The Brazilian government first established a social security provision in 1911.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554342_9/Brazil.html (728 words)

	An Interview with H.E. Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of the Federal Republic of Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Brazilian Democratic Movement -MDP- in 1978 and the second as a representative for the Party
		For two successive terms, Cardoso was elected as a senator; the first as a representative for the Brazilian Democratic Movement -MDP- in 1978 and the second as a representative for the Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement -PMDB- in 1986.
		He established the Democratic Communist Party at the beginning of 1988 and led the representatives of the party in the Senate.
	www.siyassa.org.eg /esiyassa/ahram/2002/4/1/INTE1.HTM (5025 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Brazil's president faces accusations that aide solicited illegal ...
		BRASILIA, Brazil – Brazilian President Luiz Inacio da Silva faces the first major scandal of his administration with allegations that an aide solicited illegal campaign contributions from the boss of an illegal lottery.
		On Monday, the opposition Social Democrats began circulating petitions in both houses of Brazil's Congress seeking the creation of a committee to investigate the allegations.
		The powerful Brazilian Democratic Movement joined the coalition in January, delivering its 77 Chamber of Deputies votes and 22 senators.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20040217-0607-brazil-scandal.html (738 words)

	SouthWestern Bell Worldroom at the International Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		President Cardoso was elected with the support of a heterodox alliance of his own center-left Social Democratic Party, the PSDB, and two center-right parties, the Liberal Front Party (PFL) and the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB).
		Brazil's largest party, the centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), joined Cardoso's governing coalition after the election, as did the center-right PPB, the Brazilian Progressive Party, in 1996, after its formation from three conservative parties the previous year.
		Because of the mandatory revenue allocation to states and municipalities provided for in the 1988 Constitution, Brazilian governors and mayors have exercised considerable power since 1989.
	worldroom.tamu.edu /develop/GA_Braz.htm (469 words)

	Brazil's Current Events
		With the AIDS breakout nearly everywhere, the Brazilian government has been producing a generic drug to help slow the process of the spreading of the virus within the body.
		The argument Brazilian health officials state is a logical one, “Once you’ve got the disease you need the drug to survive longer; you cant prevent it from happening to you.
		Brazilians say it’s a hoax and the Canadians are more concerned with a conflict in the making of aircraft carriers.
	minerva.stkate.edu /Academic/Web/poscnews.nsf/49d59fbacce386d886256a030054e88a/ed645d38f6f54ad7862569fc006456a0?OpenDocument (876 words)

	National Alliance of Gang Investigators' Associations
		Brazilian Government programs to establish reservations and to provide other forms of assistance have existed for years but are controversial and often ineffective.
		Agriculture is a major sector of the Brazilian economy, and is key for economic growth and foreign exchange.
		The largest financial firms are Brazilian (and the two largest banks are government-owned), but U.S. and other foreign firms have an important share of the market.
	www.nagia.org /international/Brazil.htm (4319 words)

	Fernando Henrique Cardoso (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cardoso founded the Party of the Brazilian Social Democracy (PSDB), in 1988 and lead this party in the Senate until October 1992.
		FHC (as he was sometimes called) was elected with the support of a heterodox alliance of his own center-left Social Democratic Party, the PSDB, and two center-right parties, the Liberal Front Party (PFL) and the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB).
		Before, he was elected Senator of the state of So Paulo for the former MDB, Movimento Democrtico Brasileiro (Brazilian Democratic Movement), in 1978.
	www.enlightenweb.net /f/fe/fernando_henrique_cardoso.html (455 words)

	Brazil (02/07)
		Six major groups make up the Brazilian population: the Portuguese, who colonized Brazil in the 16th century; Africans brought to Brazil as slaves; various other European, Middle Eastern, and Asian immigrant groups who have settled in Brazil since the mid-19th century; and indigenous peoples of Tupi and Guarani language stock.
		About three quarters of all Brazilians belong to the Roman Catholic Church; most others are Protestant, members of a growing evangelical movement, or follow practices derived from African religions.
		Lula’s electoral victory came despite a series of corruption scandals that resulted in the resignation of senior PT officials and the electoral defeat of several congressmen from parties allied to the PT.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35640.htm (4237 words)

	Choosing Sides \| TIME
		The opposition Brazilian Democratic Movement Party gathered in a building in the heart of the city, but apart from the crowded parking lot, it was hard to tell that a meeting was even taking place.
		The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party chose as its candidate Tancredo Neves, 74, a moderate, avuncular lawyer and governor of Minas Gerais state.
		The Social Democratic candidate is Paulo Salim Maluf, 52, a conservative, wealthy businessman and former governor of São Paulo state, whose victory was the result of patient and persistent back-room politicking among convention delegates.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,926819-1,00.html (757 words)

	[No title]
		Contradictions between the party, the movement, and the government are normal, given the conditions we find ourselves in,” argues Ubiratan de Souza, a member of the DS current [and an official of the RS Budget and Finance Department].
		The Brazilian workers’ government might borrow from the experience of the RS Participatory Budget, but it would be separated from it by a crucial event: the Brazilian socialist revolution.
		The next most important lesson is the form the Brazilian upsurge took: a CIO-type union upsurge drawing in all the struggles of the exploited and the oppressed and generalizing itself in the formation of a mass workers’ party.
	www.laborstandard.org /New_Postings/Brazil_by_Johnson.htm (4755 words)

	Brazil (07/02)
		Four major groups make up the Brazilian population: the Portuguese, who colonized Brazil in the 16th century; Africans brought to Brazil as slaves; various other European, Middle Eastern, and Asian immigrant groups who have settled in Brazil since the mid-19th century; and indigenous people of Tupi and Guarani language stock.
		His proposals to Congress include constitutional amendments to open the Brazilian economy to greater foreign participation and to implement sweeping reforms--including social security, government administration, and taxation--to reduce excessive public sector spending and improve government efficiency.
		Brazilian agriculture is well diversified, and the country is largely self-sufficient in food.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/b/21162.htm (3472 words)

	Brazil Reference Information - Politics and Power - Political Parties
		The Brazilian Congress is an amalgam of many different parties, most tiny and weak, ranging from hard core communists to right-wing fundamentalist Christians.
		The party is considered the most coherent force of the Brazilian political landscape.
		Founded in 1980, the centrist PMDB is the largest Brazilian party and is considered to lack coherent leadership.
	www.latin-focus.com /statetrust/factsheets/brazil/brafact_pol_parties.htm (258 words)

	THE WORLD; Centrists Win in Brazil - New York Times
		The centrist party that for two decades led the opposition to Brazil's military regime won a landslide victory last week in the first national elections since the return of civilian rule in 1985.
		It was the most sweeping victory in the country's electoral history, giving the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party control of the governorships in all 23 states.
		In Rio de Janeiro, the gubernatorial race with perhaps the greatest national significance, the Brazilian Democratic Movement candidate, Wellington Moreira Franco, defeated Leonel Brizola of the Democratic Labor Party.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE2DF1238F930A15752C1A960948260 (151 words)

	Brazil and the Art of Politics - Forum on Democracy :::::: Safe Democracy Foundation
		Since the colonial era --which was a much more relaxed period in comparison to the rigid Spanish bureaucracy that had to ensure the safe arrival of its mining wealth-- Brazil has based itself upon the art of negotiation and agreement among the powerful of the region.
		In Brazil, everything is negotiable, from the power of a far away town hall to the vote on every resolution the Brazilian Parliament; from who enters and who exits the favelas, to who goes first through an intersection after the sun has gone down and the traffic lights have grown indifferent.
		The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party won 89 seats, the most of any single party in Parliament, without having presented a candidate for the Presidency.
	english.safe-democracy.org /2006/10/12/brazil-and-the-art-of-politics (1346 words)

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