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Topic: Brazilian Empire

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	Brazil - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Brazilian Empire was theoretically a democracy in the British style, although in practice, the emperor-premier-parliament balance of power more closely resembled the autocratic Austrian Empire.
		Brazilian democracy was replaced by dictatorships three times — 1930–1934 and 1937–1945 under Getúlio Vargas, and 1964–1985, under a succession of generals appointed by the military.
		The dominant ancestry among Brazilians is Portuguese through the descendants of the early Portuguese colonists (from the 16th century onwards) and later Portuguese immigrants (19th and 20th centuries).
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Brazil (4455 words)

	Brazilian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Empire of Brazil was a political entity that comprised present-day Brazil under the rule of Emperors Pedro I and his son Pedro II.
		Paraguay reacted by seizing Brazilian vessels on the Rio Paraguai and by attacking the province of Mato Grosso.
		Brazilian society was, and still is, one in which a person could not advance without friends and family; hence, the continued importance of kinship networks (parentelas) and military school classes (turmas).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empire_of_Brazil (6608 words)

	Brazil - MSN Encarta
		Members of the Brazilian elite were dissatisfied with Pedro for a number of reasons.
		The war was unpopular with many Brazilians, especially after Brazil suffered a major military defeat at the hands of the Argentines in 1827.
		In 1839 the discovery of vulcanization—a process that stabilizes products manufactured from rubber—caused rapid financial growth in the frontier towns of the Brazilian forests, where rubber was harvested from the sap of trees native to the area.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554342_11/brazil.html (2385 words)

	Empire Adrift: The Portuguese Court in Rio de Janeiro by Patrick Wilcken
		Patrick Wilcken's Empire Adrift takes as its subject another remarkable episode in Portuguese imperial history: a time of dislocation in the early 19th century, when the royal family, the Braganças, confronting the prospect of invasion by the French, fled to South America by sea, remaining there for more than a decade.
		And in Rio, to the bemusement of the colonial population, the royal party proceeded to re-establish the European imperial court in all its archaic magnificence, with the ritual trappings and hierarchies of an absolutist state.
		Empire Adrift is a model of historical writing, erudite yet lively, maintaining narrative vigour while accurately rendering complex events at different times in different continents.
	www.arlindo-correia.com /100605.html (3232 words)

	Empire of Brazil, 1822-1889
		The flag for the Brazilian Empire (1822-1889) was a green field, with a large yellow rhombus that stretches itself to the edges of the flag (unlike the current Brazilian flag).
		This coat of arms is similarly shaped to the Portuguese one (we may remember that the Brazilian Empire was ruled by the Portuguese royal dynasty that fled from Portugal during the Napoleonic invasions, but its badge is green.
		Brazilian Boy Scouts site, the lozenge on the imperial national flag, and by extension on the modern flag, was inspired by the designer's familiarity with French military colors of the period (the designer was the French painter Jean-Baptiste Debret).
	www.fotw.us /flags/br_emp.html (942 words)

	History of Brazil
		By 1500, when the Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral reached the Brazilian coast, all parts of those lands were inhabited by semi-nomadic tribes, who subsisted on a combination of fishing, hunting, gathering, and agriculture.
		Their influence was lessened (but by no means abolished) after the revolution of 1930, when the state began to assert itself as a power on its own, drawing support from the emerging industrial sector and through control of industrial worker unions.
		Nevertheless, in spite of all changes of regime, Brazilian politics has continued to be dominated by the same relatively small elite, and founded on the same conservative principles, which have resulted in one of the most unequal income distributions of the Western world.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/h/hi/history_of_brazil.html (2060 words)

	Felipe Chaimovich
		Brazilian empire demanded a local art production adjusted with the European use of art as representation of the state and its official religion.
		Brazilian art after 1945 develops as part of a nationality pact founded on a cultural pact.
		But Brazilian pact was torn down during the 80's and the 90's, during the reforms to bring the country to its position in contemporary global system.
	www.apexart.org /conference/Chaimovich.htm (2262 words)

	Latin primer - Council on Foreign Relations
		The successful Haitian rebellion of 1792 terrified Brazilian slave-owners, calmed the republican ardour of the country's elites and made them quite happy to preserve a smoother relationship with the colonial power.
		British pressure to curb the slave trade was ignored by Brazilian elites, who abandoned slavery only at the end of the 19th century.
		Brazilian military rule in the 1960s and 1970s was neither as demonic as that of Argentina nor as ruthlessly repressive as that of Chile.
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=6644 (1368 words)

	Brazilian_Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although war is a political and military triumph, it exposes financial and military weaknesses and produces political dissent.
		Empire gains support of abolitionists and Afro-Brazilian population after passage of the Golden Law (May 13, l888)--e.
		Positivist ideology in the Brazilian context challenged elitism in politics through the advocacy of a republic, in economics through the abolition of slavery, and in education by favoring the teaching of sciences and the scientific point of view which emphasized discovering "facts." Positivists also favored "whitening" the population through European immigration (and continued miscegenation).
	isc.temple.edu /evanson/brazilhistory/Empire.htm (667 words)

	Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Generally, an empire is defined as a state that extends dominion over areas and populations that are culturally and ethnically distinct from the culture at the center of power.
		Empires predate the Romans by several hundred years: Egypt, for example, created an empire in the 16th century BC by invading and then incorporating Nubia and the ancient city-states of the Levant.
		Empires cannot reliably be explained as a result of the cost/benefit analysis of the elites.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Empire (2377 words)

	Brazilian Meat Production
		While the majority of Brazilian meat exports still originate from these four States, the Cerrado region, a 1.5 million square kilometer expanse located around the central plateaus of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás and Minas Gerais, is the new frontier for largescale agricultural development.
		Brazilian President Luis Inacio Lula da Silva is often quick to note that Brazil is not content with just exporting raw material and minerals, but rather expects to expand trade in high-tech and high value-added products.
		For 2004, total Brazilian poultry exports are expected to increase by 10 percent from 2003, to 2.225 million tons.
	www.thepoultrysite.com /articles/191/brazilian-meat-production (921 words)

	Royalty.nu - Royalty in Brazil - Brazilian Royal History
		Revises notions of the nature of the Brazilian state, the role of the monarch, and elite politics of the era.
		Tropical Versailles: Empire, Monarchy, and the Portuguese Royal Court in Rio de Janeiro, 1808-1821 by Kirsten Schultz.
		The Brazilian Empire: Myths and Histories by Emilia Viotti Da Costa.
	www.royalty.nu /America/Brazil.html (1008 words)

	Snakes in Paradise - Council on Foreign Relations
		In an age in which the tendency has been to explore the history of imperialism from the bottom upward, he has been resolute in his determination to ensure that an approach all too easily dismissed as "elitist," because it is concerned with the exercise of political power, has a prominent place.
		This allowed them to construct a prosperous transatlantic empire built on the export of sugar produced on Brazilian plantations that were worked by African slaves.
		A Brazilian historian of the South Atlantic slave trade has recently traced in detail how Angola's trading connection with central-southern Brazil over the best part of three centuries was integral both to the internal development of Brazil and to the working of the Luso-Brazilian Atlantic system that lies at the heart of Maxwell's historical writing.[11]
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=6513 (2677 words)

	Brazil - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Then prince-regent Dom Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal declared independence on 7 September 1822, establishing the independent Empire of Brazil.
		The Brazilian Empire was theoretically a democracy in the British style, though in practice the emperor-premier-parlament ballance of power resembled more the autocratic Austrian Empire.
		However, Brazilian economy seems to have detached itself from politics and after a GDP increase of 0.5% in 2003, Brazil has enjoyed a robust growth in 2004 and prospects for 2005 and 2006 indicate moderate growth.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/b/r/a/Brazil.html (1754 words)

	Foreign Military Studies Office Publications - The Brazilian Amazon: Controlling the Hydra
		The detachment was at an outpost on the Traíra, 400 kilometers north of the Brazilian Army's Frontier Command headquarters at Tabatinga.
		Brazilian President Cardoso unfolded a vision for national security and development that depends on a "ring of peace" around the Amazon and the rest of the country.
		The army's role "to protect the Brazilian Amazon Region with the support of all of society and by utilizing the military presence" requires reassessing its force structure and operational concepts for defending the jungle patrimony.
	fmso.leavenworth.army.mil /documents/hydra/hydra.htm (5784 words)

	Brazil - Brazzil Magazine - Brazil Empire Lives On (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Brazilian police have arrested a man who attacked a woman in her own house, and then tried to dominate and rape her, but ended up letting her go after...
		Brazilian aircraft maker Embraer had net revenues of US$ 894.1 million in the third quarter of this year, against 1.064 billion in the same period of last year, according to...
		The Brazilian Justice seems to have had enough with all the secrecy involving the investigation around the Boeing 737 that crashed in the Amazon jungle after colliding with a small...
	www.brazzil.com /content/view/3521/2 (2314 words)

	Brazilian Flag
		The Meaning and History of the Brazilian Flag - Brazil's current flag was inspired by the flag of the former Brazilian Empire
		Brazilian Flag etiquette is very strict and is is essential that Flag protocols and rules are followed correctly
		A Flag of Brazilian, when in such condition that it is no longer a fitting emblem of display, should be destroyed in a dignified way, preferably by burning in private with all due care and respect
	www.flags-flags-flags.org.uk /brazilian-flag.htm (1478 words)

	[No title]
		Not having as yet had experience of political party in the Empire, it struck me as an anomaly that Portuguese should be employed in such numbers to fight their own countrymen, though I afterwards became but too well acquainted with the cause of a proceeding at the time beyond my comprehension.
		To the Brazilian party and the mass of the people generally, the approaching departure of the squadron was a matter for congratulation, but to the Portuguese faction it presented a cause for fear, as tending to destroy their hopes of re-establishing the authority of the mother country.
		Notwithstanding that the Portuguese opinion of the Brazilian squadron, as expressed in the official gazette, is couched in terms of contempt, as compared with the efficiency of their own squadron--yet most inconsistently, they did not venture to attack us.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/4/4/7/14479/14479.txt (11889 words)

	:: Welcome to Born in Blood & Fire - Second Edition - Student Website ::
		João was succeeded on the Brazilian throne by his son, Pedro I, and then by his grandson, Pedro II.
		The Brazilian Empire chalked up a record of stability that contrasted remarkably with the tumultuous political history of the Spanish American republics.
		A paper on the Brazilian Empire should note the stability that characterized Brazilian history of the 1800s in contrast to that of Spanish America.
	www.wwnorton.com /web/chasteen/topics/topic31.htm (407 words)

	Brazil - Brazzil Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As the Roman, Russian/Soviet and Ottoman empires showed, an empire does not have to be scattered across the world but can be land-linked, as was the Brazilian case.
		Even today there is a big Brazilian population in Paraguay, particularly in the Foz de Iguaçu region and it would not surprise me if over the coming decades it increased and the Brazilians started a subtle take over of that part of the country.
		Since Brazilians are incapable of pronouncing a word which ends in a consonant, Bush was referred to as "Bushy" thereby conjuring up the image of a cuddly little soft toy creature rather than a Nazi imperialist.
	www.brazzil.com /content/view/506/35 (3148 words)

	Apolyton Civilization Forums > Civilization III > Civ3-General/Help > Civ3-Stories > Between Two Worlds: ...
		We are fighting for the glory of the Brazilian Empire!" Branco raised his chest and his lower lip pushed out as he said this, "We are showing that this continent is ours.
		The Brazilian horsemen were riding in front to serve as a screen for the approaching army.
		King Joao had realized that prosecuting the war right to the end would be important for Brazilian morale and to prove their supremecy over the continent to the Japanese and the rest of the civilized world.
	apolyton.net /forums/showthread.php?postid=651986 (5725 words)

	Pyramid: The Protectorate-American War, Part III
		Witnessing the signing were representatives from the SUSSR, the Brazilian Empire, the European Economic Community, and the Warlord's Coalition government Republic of China.
		The Brazilian Empire acquired a firm hold on the Panama Canal for nothing more than a pledge to assist the Protectorate in the war, something which the Empire never got around to doing.
		Oh, the Empire did make noises, and succeeded in pulling away submarines from the blockade of Japan by threatening to make a naval move against the Caribbean, but nothing really came of it.
	www.sjgames.com /pyramid/sample.html?id=644 (3104 words)

	MediaChannel.org - A Global Network of More Than 1,000 Media Issues Groups
		Its brand is so omnipresent that many ordinary Brazilians assume that Globo is, in fact, a branch of Time Warner, meant to support that US media giant's interests in Brazil.
		But now, after years of super-sizing its empire with foreign loans, Globo's golden age is coming to an end.
		Four networks have resigned from the Brazilian Association of Television and Radio Broadcasters after the organization began to negotiate with the state- controlled National Bank for Social and Economic Development for help in tiding over Globo.
	www.mediachannel.org /views/dissector/affalert167.shtml (722 words)

	United States and Brazil: For Further Reading / Brasil e Estados Unidos: Leitura Complementar
		Empire in Brazil: New World Experiment with Monarchy.
		Stein, Stanley J. Vassouras, a Brazilian Coffee County, 1850-1900: The Roles of Planter and Slave in a Slave Society.
		The Political Economy of the Brazilian State, 1889-1930.
	international.loc.gov /intldl/brhtml/about/reading.html (146 words)

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