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	Brazilian literature. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Brazilian literature began with the letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha announcing the discovery to the king of Portugal.
		The two major Brazilian romantic poets were Antônio Gonçalves Dias, who glorified the indigenous people and the native soil, and Antônio de Castro Alves, a leader in the fight for the abolition of slavery.
		The works of the man generally considered the greatest of Brazilian writers, Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, were in the same realist vein.
	www.bartleby.com /65/br/Brazilia.html (735 words)

	Brazilian literature term paper
		Its processes reflect scenes of the drama of Brazilian society of 1961 to 1964 and reveal passions of that historical period, especially the intense belief in the role of art in what some thought to be a (pre-) revolutionary stage.
		Brazilians were trying to institute locally a validation of a concept of literature stressing content and political rhetoric In doing so, poets were answering to a declared necessity for the involvement of middle-class intellectuals and students with the working class and peasants.
		In the early sixties, concerned Brazilian artists faced a fundamental problem with respect to commitment: compulsions to involve others and to denounce had to be weighed against freedom of expression; in effect, individual perceptions had to be balanced with "correct" positions.
	www.superiorpapers.com /brazilian_literature_sam.php (547 words)

	BRAZIL -Literature
		Machado de Assis (1839-1908), widely acclaimed as the greatest Brazilian writer of the 19th century and beyond, was unique because of the universality of his novels and essays.
		At the turn of the century the Brazilian literary imagination was drawn to Symbolism, represented by poets Cruz e Souza (1861-1893) and Alphonsus de Guimarães (1870-1921).
		Gilberto Freyre(1900-1987), a master of style and a pioneer of the new school of Brazilian sociologists, is the author of Casa Grande andSenzala (The Masters and The Slaves) a perceptive study of Brazilian society.
	www.un.int /brazil/brasil/brazil-literature.htm (918 words)

	NEH Summer Seminar - Project Narrative
		Literature C—the specific cultural production of concern to this seminar— is a crucial source of social, historical, and political knowledge, which explains why works of fiction routinely figure in scholarly sources of Latin American social scientists.
		In conformance with the spirit of the NEH Summer Seminars, the five novels chosen are major and canonical texts of Brazilian literature, and the seminar involves the in-depth examination of these texts with a recognized academic expert.
		Machado founded the Brazilian Academy of Letters and was one of the first Brazilian authors to "write the city." Machado's texts are complex examinations of the emergence of an urban middle class in what was then the country's capital, Rio de Janeiro.
	www.public.asu.edu /~atdwf/neh_summer/narrative.html (4523 words)

	Brasilian Literature
		The history of Brazilian literature parallels that of other Latin American literatures; influenced by European thought and culture, it is readily divided into two periods, the colonial and the national.
		Continental literary tendencies continued to be reflected in 19th-century Brazilian literature, even as it came to grips with its own national preoccupations, the sertão and the selva (the Amazon jungle).
		The probing of Brazilian society continues to be a main task of the novelist in the 20th century, whether it be the analysis of country life, as in Plantation Boy (1932; trans.
	www.culturabrasil.pro.br /brazilianliterature.htm (1406 words)

	Brown University Department of Comparative Literature
		Brazilian narrative of the 19th and 20th centuries, with special emphasis on José de Alencar, João Guimarães Rosa, João Ubaldo Ribeiro, Euclides da Cunha, and Lima Barreto; 2.
		Active in a variety of professional and scholarly organizations, Professor Valente is a former President of the Northeastern Association of Brazilianists and Delegate to the General Assembly of the MLA (representing the Division of Luso-Brazilian Literature), and is currently on the Executive Committee of the Brazilian Studies Association.
		Brazilian narrative of the 19th and 20th centuries, with special emphasis on José de Alencar, Euclides da Cunha, Lima Barreto and João Guimarães Rosa; 2.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Comparative_Literature/people/facultypage.php?id=10397 (552 words)

	Topics on brazilian literature
		Brazilian writers began to emphasize individual freedom, subjectivism, and a concern for social issues.
		The so-called "Parnassian Triad" of Brazilian poets - Olavo Bilac (1865-1918), Raimundo Correa (1860-1911), and Alberto de Oliveira (1859-1937) - wrote refined poetry in which the poet's personality and interest in social issues were obliterated.
		Gilberto Freyre (1900-1987), a master of style and a pioneer of the new school of Brazilian sociologists, is the author of Casa Grande and Senzala (The Masters and The Slaves) a perceptive study of Brazilian society.
	www.culturabrasil.pro.br /brazilianliterature1.htm (978 words)

	Great People in Brazilian Literature. Writers, Poets, Artists
		Critics and literary historians generally agree that the Brazilian Joaquim Maria MACHADO DE ASSIS was the outstanding Latin American novelist of the 19th century.
		Machado was the first major Brazilian writer to experiment with language and structure, beginning a tradition of openness to the avant-garde that continues to this day.
		Colonial Period The literature of the colonial period is rich in historical and geographical descriptions.
	www.brazilbrazil.com /literary.html (3727 words)

	Consulate General of Brazil - Literature
		Brazilian fiction, poetry, and drama account for about half the literary output of Latin America, calculated by the number of titles of individual books.
		Important literary movements during the National Period can be linked to the country's political and social development: The Romantic Movement in literature coincided roughly with the 57 years of the Empire; the Parnassians and the Realists flourished during the early decades of the Republic, followed, around the turn of the century, by the Symbolists.
		Gilberto Freyre (1900-1987), a master of style and a pioneer of the new school of Brazilian sociologists, is the author of Casa Grange and Senzala (The Masters and The Slaves) a perceptive study of Brazilian society.
	www.brazilsf.org /culture_literature_eng.htm (1223 words)

	Brazilian literature — Infoplease.com
		Brazilian literature: The Colonial Period - The Colonial Period Upon the discovery of Brazil, the Portuguese began to describe the wonders of...
		Brazilian literature: The Twentieth Century - The Twentieth Century In 1902 Euclides da Cunha wrote his masterly description of an uprising in...
		Brazilian literature: Independence and Nineteenth-Century Literary Movements - Independence and Nineteenth-Century Literary Movements Independence from Portugal in 1822 fostered...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/ent/A0808784.html (198 words)

	UF Romance Languages: Portuguese
		The primary aim of this course is to advance students' proficiency in speaking and aural comprehension of Brazilian Portuguese.
		To introduce the principal trends of the Brazilian novel since 1925, with emphasis on the decade of the l930s.
		The topical emphasis this semester is the cultural heritage of the Brazilian Northeast.
	www.rll.ufl.edu /CoursePr/portugue.html (1248 words)

	Brazil - Brasil - BRAZZIL - News from Brazil - A Conversation with Deonisio da Silva - Brazilian Literature - March 2004
		He is certainly well deserved of such honor not only for the caliber of his literature but also for what he represents for Brazilian letters today.
		Brazilian poetry is going through an extraordinary phase, perhaps similar to the short story boom lived in the seventies and eighties.
		Glauco Ortolano is a poet, novelist, essayist, translator, and scholar who is currently teaching Brazilian language, literature, and film in the Centre International des Langues at the University of Nantes.
	www.brazzillog.com /2004/html/articles/mar04/p104mar04.htm (2092 words)

	Brazil - Brazzil Magazine - Brazil: Of Best-Sellers and Better Reads
		In literature, as in the visual arts and architecture, in popular music, in cinema and in theater, the free circulation of ideas, the high level of instruction at the universities, the economic euphoria, made up a backdrop indispensable to the manifestation of creativity.
		Brazilian fiction, which had been making giant strides forward since the modernist rupture in the twenties, had exhausted its regionalist sources and had become, in the novels of the thirties and forties—with José Lins do Rego, Jorge Amado, Érico Veríssimo and principally Graciliano Ramos—a fulcrum for social thinking on a national scale.
		There were convictions: the importance of literature, the seriousness of the subject matter, the greatness of the writer, the necessity of culture, of technical and stylistic improvement.
	www.brazzil.com /content/view/1775/2 (2924 words)

	University Press of Florida: Jewish Voices in Brazilian Literature
		Vieira demonstrates that the dynamic writing done today by Jewish writers in Brazil is part of a vibrant literature that extends far beyond the Brazilian tradition of naturalism.
		Nelson H. Vieira is professor of Portuguese and Brazilian studies and fellow in Judaic studies at Brown University.
		He is the coeditor of the literary journal Brasil/Brazil and the author or editor of many articles and books, including Roads to Today's Portugal: Essays on Contemporary Portuguese Literature, Art and Culture and Brasil e Portugal, A Imagem Reciproca: O Mito e a Realidade na Expressao Literaria.
	www.upf.com /book.asp?id=VIEIRS96 (385 words)

	HIDDEN SENSATIONS OF STRENGTH IN AFRO-BRAZILIAN WRITINGS:
		This apparent disinterest in their literature by the existing establishment is a form of institutional discrimination, a silencing, since their writings inevitably deal with issues that foreground their lives.
		The fl Brazilian woman is not born into joy, she has to learn to become political and create joy in her life.
		What dominates is the silence of the Brazilian woman, a silence that comes from a profound inner sense of inferiority and lack of value, together with a socially imposed position of indignity and unimportance.
	www.lehman.cuny.edu /ciberletras/v01n02/Duke.htm (7097 words)

	CR: PB/0061 (sec 1) Modern Brazilian Literature and Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		She met the course goal, which was to allow students to better understand Brazilian literature and to explore Brazilian society through literature.
		Students commented that the professor was energetic and had plenty of enthusiasm to discuss about the literary materials and the historical context of each piece of literature.
		However, a few students added that it seemed a bit awkward to be asked to critique pieces of Portuguese literature when they did not yet speak the language fluently.
	www.brown.edu /Students/Critical_Review/2000.2001.1/PB0061_1STA.html (338 words)

	Modern Languages and Linguistics Library
		It also includes a historical chronology of Brazilian history, Brazilian literature and foreign literature, an introductory essay with bibliographical references, and an index.
		A history of Brazilian literature and in its various forms presented as a compilation of scholarly essays on various genres and time periods.
		A multivolume history of Brazilian literature from Medieval Portuguese literature and its influences on the early Brazilian colonizers to the time of publication.
	www.library.uiuc.edu /mdx/bibliogs/Portuguese/brazillit.html (998 words)

	Portuguese Literature Courses
		Portuguese 60: Portuguese Literature I: Middle Ages to the Early Nineteenth Century.
		Portuguese 61: Brazilian Literature I: Sixteenth to Early Nineteenth Centuries.
		Portuguese 62: Portuguese Literature II: Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Not offered in the period from 04F through 06S. The course begins by studying Realismo through the great writer Eça de Queirós in his famous novel O Primo Basílio, and moves on to Antero de Quental’s philosophical poetry.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~spanport/study/portlit.html (449 words)

	Portuguese and Brazilian Literature: Library and Internet Research Guide for Junior Essay and Senior Thesis Writers - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Moser, Gerald M. A new bibliography of the lusophone literatures of Africa = Nova bibliografia das literaturas africanas de expressão portuguesa / Gerald Moser and Manuel Ferreira.
		Chapters devoted to history, literature, political and economic topics, the arts, etc. A bibliographies section of more general works is included.
		General references followed by chapters on the literatures of various countries: long survey articles with bibliographies appended to each article.
	hcl.harvard.edu /research/guides/port_brazil/junior/bibl.html (1067 words)

	Francisco Lopes, Brazilian literature-cinema scholar, dies at 39 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He was a visiting professor in 1985-86 at Universidade Classica de Lisboa, a tenured associate professor in 1984-85 at Colegio Brigadeiro Newton Braga and a teaching fellow from 1974 to 1976 at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
		He earned two doctorates, one in Luso-Brazilian literatures from Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro in 1989 and one in Luso-Brazilian and Latin American literatures from the University of Pittsburgh in 1988.
		His course on Brazilian cinema was very popular, and it was the final course he taught at Stanford.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/pr/94/940329Arc4361.html (512 words)

	Portuguese and Brazilian Literature: Library and Internet Research Guide for Junior Essay and Senior Thesis Writers - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Produced by Tozzer Library, Anthropological Literature (AL) indexes articles in periodicals, monograph series, and edited works in archaeology, biological and physical anthropology, cultural and social anthropology and linguistics, and selectively in such related fields as: art, botany, demography, economics, ethnohistory, folklore, genetics, geography, geology, history, music, mythology, political science, pyschology, religion, sociology.
		Also: Theses and Dissertations of 18 Brazilian universities and libraries are available on-line at the IBICT site Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações.
		The introduction to HLAS states that it is a “bibliography on Latin America consisting of works selected and annotated by scholars.” Edited by the Hispanic Division of the Library of Congress, the multidisciplinary Handbook alternates annually between the social sciences and the humanities.
	hcl.harvard.edu /research/guides/port_brazil/junior/journals.html (1423 words)

	Brazilian Fiction: Novels And Stories From Brazil
		In this witty, charming, and highly original novel, the Brazilian author Jô Soares boldly reimagines Conan Doyle's legendary sleuth, introducing a very distracted and debauched Sherlock Holmes, one who trades cocaine for "Indian cigarettes" and falls head over heels for a sultry actress.
		Overflowing with suspense and historical erudition, A Samba for Sherlock is a novel that combines the authenticity of The Alienist with the exuberant fantasy of carnaval.
		A Brazilian countess is recruited as a spy during the American Civial War.
	www.thebraziliansound.com /booksfic.htm (210 words)

	BCA - Brazilian Contemporary Arts
		It will analyse how fl Brazilians were depicted in the country’s literature during the times of slave-trade, and at the implications of fl Brazilians being referred to as ‘citizens’ in the literature produced after abolition was decreed.
		She is a Bachelor in Brazilian Literature, and holds a Masters degree in the subject.
		She presently works for the Embassy of Brazil in London, and is researching for her PhD in Literature at King’s College.
	www.brazilian.org.uk /cutting_edge/event-04.php (382 words)

	History of Portuguese Literature
		It is difficult to understand Portuguese literature without establishing its clear links with Provençal lyricism, in the Middle Ages (12-15C), and understanding the latter’s connections with the Galician-Portuguese form of cultural expression.
		During the classical period (16-18C), it is equally important to understand the influence of the Italian Renaissance, the Spanish Baroque and the French Enlightenment, which gave rise to the specific Mannerism of Camões and the peculiarity of our travel literature.
		In the nineteenth century, Portuguese literature is best understood in connection with Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism and other European aesthetic tendencies; whilst in the twentieth century, there is the influence of Modernism and other vanguard movements, as well as post-modernism.
	www.instituto-camoes.pt /cvc/literatura/eng/historialit.htm (422 words)

	Tulane University \| Brazilian Studies Program
		The interdisciplinary study of Brazil is an area of strength within the broader field of Latin American Studies at Tulane University.
		Students have the option of getting a minor in Brazilian Studies that may combine with a major in Portuguese, Latin American Studies, or any other discipline.
		Students who are interested in pursuing a minor in Brazilian Studies should consult with the Director of Brazilian Studies, Christopher Dunn, or with the Director of Undergraduate Studies of Latin American Studies, Edith Wolfe.
	www.tulane.edu /~braz/students.htm (227 words)

	Adherents.com - Religion in Literature (esp. Science Fiction)
		Much of the literature currently indexed was chosen simply because it was available at the local library.
		This is not necessarily a reflection of the religious groups, but of the nature of the writers and of mainstream literature.
		All works of literature are influenced by the religious beliefs and culture of the author.
	www.adherents.com /lit (2025 words)

	index
		The Program recognizes that students come from a variety of countries and backgrounds and wishes to encourage all to tailor a course of study that reflects their own interests and orientation all the while meeting the basic requirements for a degree.
		Because each of the thirty professors on the Comparative Literature doctoral faculty has a joint appointment with another doctoral program at The Graduate Center, seminars and tutorials cover a broad variety of subjects and methodologies ranging from the visual arts, music, and theatre, to history, anthropology, philosophy, and other disciplines.
		While the majority of students tend to emphasize modernism in their coursework and dissertations, a significant number are pursuing studies in other periods, especially in Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque literature as well as in Romantic literature and the literatures of the Americas.
	web.gc.cuny.edu /Complit (590 words)

	Latin American Collection at Yale University
		Brazilian Literature: a research bibliography (David William Foster.
		A biographical sketch and critical assessment are followed by bibliographies and often accompanied by portraits.
		The principal index to the journal literature on Latin America, the MLA bibliography became international in scope in 1956.
	www.library.yale.edu /latinamerica/reference_lit.html (2690 words)

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