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	Brazil encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Brazil politics and officials, Brazilian History. Travel to Brazil
		Brazilwood (or Pau-Brasil, sometimes known as Pernambuco) - Chaesalpina echinatais - a dense, orange-red wood (which takes a high shine), and it is the premier wood used for making bows for string instruments from the violin family.
		Brazilwood trees were such a large part of the exports and economy of the land that the country which sprang up in that part of the world took its name from them and is now called Brazil.
		For example, the unsuccessful attempt of a French expedition led by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, vice-admiral of Brittany and corsair under the King, in 1555, to establish a colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro (France Antarctique) was motivated in part by the bounty generated by economic exploitation of brazilwood.
	www.braziliworld.com /wiki-Brazilwood (670 words)

	Logwood and Brazilwood
		The flowers and foliage are similar to brazilwood; however, its shrubby growth form with multiple trunks without dark heartwood suggests that it is C.
		The flattened pods of brazilwood are oval (oblique) and spiny.
		The heartwood of brazilwood (pau-brazil) has been used in the making of violin bows for more than two centuries and is known to bowmakers and musicians as pernambuco wood.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /ecoph4.htm (3297 words)

	Brazilwood Sawdust
		Brazilwood is a common name for several trees of the family Leguminosae (pulse family) whose wood yields a red dye (called brazilin).
		Brazilwood is a common name for several trees of the family Leguminosae (pulse family) whose wood yields a red dye.
		In all these cases the brazil color was mordanted upon the white material, so to speak, dyed with the brazil, and the pigment so formed was different from a mixture of a finished lake with a white pigment.
	www.naturalpigments.com /detail.asp?PRODUCT_ID=455-15S (917 words)

	Brazilwood
		Brazilwood (often known simply as brazil”;) is a tropical hardwood of the family Leguminosae whose core yields a brilliant red pigment ideal for dyeing cloth.
		Brazilwood is a creamy color when first cut, but once it has been reduced to sawdust and soaked in water for several weeks, the dyestuff leeches into the solution and can be used to produce the fashionable red clothing particularly favored in the French court.
		The trans-Atlantic trade in brazilwood climaxed before 1600 and was followed by a sharp decline due to over-harvesting and the decimation of the native population by disease and mistreatment.
	www.bell.lib.umn.edu /Products/BrazilW.html (1079 words)

	Brazilwood
		Brazilwood is a common name for several trees of the family Leguminosae (pulse family) whose wood yields a red dye called brazilein.
		In the 15th and 16th centuries, brazilwood was highly valued in Europe and quite difficult to get.
		For example, the unsuccessful attempt of a French expedition led by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, vice-admiral of Brittany and corsair under the King, in 1555, to establish a colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro (France Antarctique) was motivated in part by the bounty generated by economic exploitation of brazilwood.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/b/br/brazilwood.html (298 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Brazilwood
		In a few years, a hectic and very profitable operation for felling and transporting by shipping all the brazilwood logs they could get was established, as a crown-granted Portuguese monopoly.
		Presently, brazilwood is practically extinct in most parts of the country.
		The trade of brazilwood is therefore likely to be banned in the immediate future, creating a major problem in the bow-making industry which mainly relies on this wood.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Brazilwood (469 words)

	Brazilwood Encyclopedia Information @ Karr.net (Karr Network) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Brazilwood trees were such a large part of the exports and economy of the land that the country which sprang up in that part of the world took its name from them and is now called Brazil.
		Coming from Asia, it was traded in powder form and used as a red dye in the manufacture of luxury textiles, such as velvet, in high demand during the Renaissance.
		The trade of brazilwood is therefore likely to be banned in the immediate future, creating a major problem in the bow-making industry which highly values this wood.
	209.68.55.254 /encyclopedia/Brazilwood (977 words)

	The Newberry Library: Smith Center Publications
		The space and attention devoted to the brazilwood trade on this map is evidence that from a very early date Europeans were well aware of the lucrative commodities which could be extracted from Brazil even as they clung to their dreams of gold, silver and a passage through to the Orient.
		This 1538 portolan chart of the coast of southern Brazil and Rio de la Plata is an early example of the cartography of the Dieppe School.
		In spite of the hint of the tenacious dream of a route to the Pacific, it is again the Amerindians gathering brazilwood which dominate the scene in the interior.
	www.newberry.org /smith/slidesets/ss11.html (3504 words)

	Untitled Document
		Our Brazilwood bows are made of the finest selected woods, closely matching our Pernambuco bows in aesthetics and strength.
		The fittings are of nickel silver, tip plates are bone (not plastic) and windings are imitation whalebone or sterling silver.
		A grace period of 15 days from the due date will be granted, after which a finance charge of 18% APR will be assessed.
	www.arcosbrasil.com /Products/BrazilWoodBows/brazilwoodbows.html (144 words)

	Maiwa: Craft Supply - Natural Dyes - Brazilwood
		A sawdust shredded from the heartwood of the caesalpinia brasiliensis tree native to Brazil.
		Brazilwood will produce lovely yellow based reds when dyed at a 20% wof, and can achieve startling variations from bright orange to blue reds when the ph level of the dye bath is manipulated.
		We only sell brazilwood obtained from reclaimed wood (no harvested woods).
	www.maiwa.com /stores/supply/nd_brazilwood.html (86 words)

	Brazilwood - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Brazilwood, common name for any of a genus of tropical trees (Legume).
		The hard, red wood is used in cabinetmaking and for violin bows.
		Forests of varied species including palms, coral, mangoes, and brazilwood cover more than one third of Venezuela; environmental concern about...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Brazilwood.html (105 words)

	How To Dye With Brazilwood Natural Dye
		Brazilwood natural dye gives crimsons, purples and pinks on premordanted yarns.
		Put treated Brazilwood into a nylon stocking and add into a heated dyepot for an hour.
		You can re-use the Brazilwood chips in a later dyebath, though they will release less colour.
	www.allfiberarts.com /library/howto/ht00/how_dye_brazilwood.htm (110 words)

	Brazilwood Dye Recipe- To make a Beautiful Colour
		The one drawback is that an extra day is required to prepare the brazilwood.
		The finished dye is somewhat fugative though I've had fantastic results using brazilwood dyed fiber as a base for a madder bath using copper for the morant.
		Let the fiber cool in the bath, rinse then squeeze gently to remove excess water and hang to dry or while still wet, use the fiber immediately.
	pages.sbcglobal.net /gcarnegie/article/art1brazil.html (341 words)

	Dyed eggs for easter
		Sue Grierson says, "There are reports of the use of onion skins for dyeing in classical Greece, in Persia, and the Middle East, and by primitive tribes of Africa" and also notes, unfortunately without dating her reference, "In central Europe they were used as a dye for Easter eggs, linen, wool, and especially cotton." p.
		Modern brazilwood is probably the South American tree, but sappan and brazilwood seem to be considered near-identical by dyers.
		One cold-water brazilwood red egg (with significant dye splotching) was dipped in lard and the cover scratched off in the shape of a stripe around the middle, following existing poor dye coverage.This egg was soaked in white distilled vinegar overnight.
	www.gallowglass.org /jadwiga/SCA/eggs/eggdyes.html (4222 words)

	determining what type of wood a bow is made from
		Brazilwood bows have a darker look and typically have none of the gold highlights seen n the Pernambuco wood.
		While it is true that on average pernambuco is denser than "brazilwood" it is not a fixed value.
		To further compound the problem of identification, I have red that in fact "pernamuco" and "brazilwood" are in fact often the same species--merely a distinction based on the age and/or growing environment of the trees.
	www.violinist.com /discussion/response.cfm?ID=7704 (2573 words)

	Upright Bass Bows - plus more Upright Bass, Guitar, Acoustic Musical Instrument Pickups, Preamps, Amplifiers, and ...
		They are the same nice quality as the Brazilwood bows, with the same ebony detailing.
		I recently purchased one of your French style Brazilwood Bass bows and I just wanted to say that I am extremely pleased with it.
		My old bow just died and I need to practice, and every string shop (or so it seems) is closed in Australia over the new year/christmas season (2 weeks!) The bow came in almost no time at all, well packed..
	www.urbbob.com /bows.html (2616 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Brazilwood"
		Brazilwood (or Pau-Brasil, sometimes known as Pernambuco) is a dense, orange-red wood (which takes a high shine), and it is the premier wood used for making bows for string instruments from the violin family.
		The wood also yields a red dye called brazilin, which oxidizes to brazilein.
		Excessive exploitation (it has been estimated that in the last two centuries, more than 50 million trees were destroyed) finally led to a steep decrease in the number of brazilwood trees in the 18th century, causing the collapse of this economic activity.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=brazilwood (614 words)

	Dyeing Parchment and Vellum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After quite an extensive tanning process, the skin is further refined to accept ink and pigments in (most commonly) a gum arabic binder.
		This recipe is for information only, I can't be responsible for results, and of course, this is toxic so use care when making this in a kitchen, and use completely separate utensils and pots from those used for food.
		The brazilwood can be dusty and I don't like inhaling it, and the gloves protect from the chemicals, but also from ending up with purple fingers.
	www.laeom.com /parchmentandvellumdyeing.htm (1344 words)

	How to Choose a Bow
		Brazilwood has been the standard wood used in bows for a very long time.
		A student should not be overly concerned with how the grip feels (it can be changed) and be careful not to get a bow too much like the one he or she may already own.
		A good brazilwood stick often plays better than an average pernambuco bow, but a fine stick will have life.
	www.nashvilleviolins.com /articles/howbow.htm (806 words)

	String instruments at Northwest Music
		Outfit includes brazilwood bow (model 100) and canvas covered case from Winter.
		Outfit includes brazilwood bow with horsehair and shaped cordura covered case (Oblong case for the full size instrument).
		High quality brazilwood bow with horsehair, Winter thermoplastic case with aluminum valence, fully lined.
	www.northwestmusic.ca /stringinst.html (934 words)

	04/19/00 -- Brazil's Atlantic Forests at More Risk than Amazon, Ecologists Say
		The plight of the brazilwood is the most salient example of the area's demise.
		The wood was perfect for making furniture or boats, and by the year 1605, more than 2 million brazilwood trees had been cut down and taken back to Europe.
		Despite warnings by the crown and attempts to cut back on exploitation, the Brazilwood was already in danger of becoming extinct.
	forests.org /archive/brazil/bratamec.htm (1256 words)

	FAQ Page
		The Brazilwood of 18th century Europe is what we call today “pernambuco”.
		It is even referred to as brazilwood, but it does not have the dye property of pernambuco.
		If it is not made from pernambuco or brazilwood, you should not waste your time and money.
	telfordviolins.com /FAQPage.html (3680 words)

	Rolin Music Violin Bows
		A round Brazilwood bow with a half-mounted ebony frog and pearl slide.
		An octagonal Brazilwood bow with a half-mounted ebony frog and pearl slide.
		An octagonal Brazilwood bow with a full-mounted ebony frog with Parisian eye.
	www.rolinmusic.com /violinbow.html (137 words)

	Samuel Eastman Bows
		Our entry-level brazilwood bows allow students on a budget to enjoy the advantages of hand-made quality.
		These quality step-up brazilwood bows feature octagonal sticks of select brazilwood, and are beautifully hand-crafted and carefully balanced for playability and tone.
		Attractively mounted with fully nickel-mounted ebony frogs, and leather and imitation whalebone grips, these bows are an excellent choice for the advancing student.
	www.eastmanstrings.com /eastmanstrings/bows/samueleastman.htm (202 words)

	Definition of brazilwood - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "brazilwood" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "brazilwood" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "brazilwood" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=brazilwood (77 words)

	Violins for Intermediate Players
		Brazilwood Bow with Horsehair and Canvas covered, shaped model case included.
		Upgraded Brazilwood Bow with Horsehair and Canvas covered, Oblong model case included.
		As with the Giocoso line, the Antique model of Apassionato instrument is finished to simulate age.
	www.quinnviolins.com /qv_intermediateviolin.shtml (802 words)

	Brazilwood Products
		A Fine Brazilwood Violin Bow with OX Horn #55
		New 4/4 Brazilwood Violin Bow & a set of 4/4 String NR Brand New 15.5" Viola w 2 Brazilwood bows NR!!
		A Fine Brazilwood Violin Bow with Black OX Horn #56
	cameronwinchcombe.com /brazilwood.html (373 words)

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