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	BrdU - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		BrdU, also known as 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine, is a base analog of thymidine, with the thymine substituted by bromouracil.
		BrdU is a common chemical used in the detection of proliferating cells in living tissues.
		Antibodies specific for BrdU can then be used to detect the incorporated chemical (see immunohistochemistry), thus indicating cells that were actively replicating its DNA (proliferating).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/BrdU (479 words)

	Systemic exposure to BrdU in fish
		The intraocular injection procedure carries with it risk of exposure of the investigator to the injected chemicals (which may be cytotoxins), as well as considerations for the health of the animal recovering from the injection.
		BrdU is prepared as a 5 mM solution in aquarium water, along with 0.03 g tetracycline/L, and fish are maintained for up to 9 days in 1 L of this solution, held in 2 L beakers (to avoid splashing).
		The BrdU exposure is done in a fume hood, and the fume hood is clearly marked so that lab personnel are aware of potential hazard.
	www.uro.uidaho.edu /default.aspx?pid=31992 (446 words)

	Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus - Nature Medicine
		Using immunofluorescent labeling for BrdU and for one of the neuronal markers, NeuN, calbindin or neuron specific enolase (NSE), we demonstrate that new neurons, as defined by these markers, are generated from dividing progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of adult humans.
		The majority of the NeuN-positive neurons that double-labeled with BrdU were located within or near the granule cell layer and had the morphological characteristics of granule cell neurons: round or oval nuclei with small- to medium-sized cell bodies (Fig.
		The BrdU was given to the patients to assess the proliferative activity of the tumor cells, expressed as BrdU-labeling index.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v4/n11/full/nm1198_1313.html (3679 words)

	Whikehart, Mol Vis 2005; 11:816-824. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		BrdU staining (using alkaline phosphatase bound secondary antibody) was performed on whole corneas plus scleral rims exposed to BrdU antibodies on the endothelial side whereas BrdU fluorescence (using fluorescein bound secondary antibody) was obtained from transverse sections of the these tissues by the same procedure.
		When BrdU fluorescence assays were made on corneal transverse sections with fluorescein, fluorescence occurred in an area just at and adjacent to the trabecular meshwork, but was not seen at the corneal endothelium.
		BrdU fluorescence assays (F-BrdU assays) were undertaken to clarify the uncertainty of the alkaline phosphatase results since positive fluorescence could only be interpreted as coming from BrdU, that is, incorporation of new DNA into dividing cells.
	www.molvis.org /molvis/v11/a97 (5305 words)

	Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Increases BrdU-Positive Cells After Forebrain Ischemia ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Newborn neuron (arrow) is doubly immunopositive for BrdU in the nucleus (red) and NeuN in the nucleus and cytoplasm (brown).
		D, Dentate gyrus; a newborn neuron (arrow) doubly immunopositive for BrdU in the nucleus (red) and NeuN in the nucleus and cytoplasm (brown) is dark brown.
		E, Dentate gyrus; a newborn glial cell (arrow) is doubly immunopositive for BrdU in the nucleus (red) and GFAP in the cytoplasm (brown).
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/34/6/1519 (3458 words)

	Host DNA Replication Is Induced by Geminivirus Infection of Differentiated Plant Cells -- Nagar et al. 14 (12): 2995 -- ...
		BrdU (green) is shown in the top row, DAPI (blue) is shown in the second row, TGMV DNA (red) is shown in the third row, and three-color overlays are shown in the bottom row.
		BrdU (green) is shown in the top row, TGMV AL1 (blue) is shown in the second row, TGMV DNA (red) is shown in the third row, and three-color overlays are shown in the fourth row.
		For (E) to (P), BrdU (green) is shown in the top row, DAPI-stained host chromatin (blue) is shown in the second row, TGMV DNA (red) is shown in the third row, and three-color overlays are shown in the fourth row except for (D), which was imaged using a triple cube.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/14/12/2995 (6322 words)

	New Neurons: Extraordinary Evidence or Extraordinary Conclusion? -- Nowakowski et al. 288 (5467): 771 -- Science
		From estimates of a ~5-hour S phase and ~27-hour cell cycle in fetal monkey neocortex at embryonic day 80 (9), which means that a single BrdU injection would label <20% (i.e., 5/27) of the cells produced.
		First, Nowakowski and Hayes state that BrdU may label cells that are not dividing but instead are undergoing DNA repair.
		By 9 weeks after BrdU labeling, the number of labeled cells in both structures was substantially diminished, which suggests that many of these new cells ultimately died (*p <0.05 compared with 2 hours, 9 weeks; ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc comparisons; n=2 monkeys per time point).
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/288/5467/771a (2819 words)

	BrdU Cell Proliferation Kit: 2750
		BrdU is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA strands of actively proliferating cells.
		With CHEMICON®’s BrdU Cell Proliferation Assay Kit, mouse monoclonal antibody is used to detect the BrdU in a sample.
		The CHEMICON® BrdU Cell Proliferation Assay Kit is a non-isotopic assay for the in vitro quantitative detection of newly synthesized DNA of actively proliferating cells.
	www.chemicon.com /Product/ProductDataSheet.asp?ProductItem=2750 (456 words)

	More BrdU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		I would like to diskuss a topic that recently came up here, concerning the use of brdu.
		Several publications point to the effect of brdu on cell and especially neuronal -differentiation.
		(Teratology 35 (1):63-75, 1987) "indicate, that brdu incorporation into DNA of primordial cells (of rats) significantly affects neurogenesis and differentation of neurites from neuroblasts which is a specific cytodifferentation characteristic of neuronal cells".
	zebra.biol.sc.edu /methods/brdu2.html (168 words)

	BrdU
		Dechorionate embryo of desired age, and place in 10mM BrdU, made up in Embryo Medium with 15% DMSO at 6 to 8 degrees for 20 minutes (I do this with petri dish resting on top of ice).
		The embryos in fix were placed on a rotator at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours, and rinsed three times with RNase-free 1XPBS (first rinse fast, last two rinses five minutes on a rotator).
		Embryos were then rinsed three times five minutes each in 100% MeOH and stored at 0 C. Dechorionated embryos were manipulated on solidified 2% agar in Ringer's in either 30 ml dishes or in 1.5 ml eppendorf tubes (for BrdU* exposure) to avoid rupture of the embryos upon contact with a plastic surface.
	zebra.biol.sc.edu /methods/brdu.html (950 words)

	The Element(s) at the Nontranscribed Xist Locus of the Active X Chromosome Controls Chromosomal Replication Timing in ...
		Following exposure of actively growing cultures to BrdU for 4.5 hr, mitotic chromosome spreads were prepared and immunostained using anti-BrdU (red), hybridized to X chromosome paint (green), and counterstained using DAPI (blue).
		Above the chromosome is a graph representing the hypothetical intensities of BrdU signal along the X chromosome from a replication-timing assay where BrdU had been incorporated into the chromosomal DNA late in the S phase and then subjected to red fluorescent immunostaining in the following mitosis.
		Following exposure of cultures to BrdU for 4.5 hr, mitotic chromosome spreads were prepared and immunostained using anti-BrdU (red), hybridized to X chromosome paint (green), and counterstained using DAPI (blue).
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/171/2/663 (5146 words)

	The Effects of Prolonged Administration of 5-Bromodeoxyuridine on Cells of the Immune System -- Reome et al. 165 (8): ...
		the presence of BrdU as in the absence, and the Ag-specific effectors
		A group of mice was irradiated with 5 Gy whole body irradiation and placed on BrdU in the drinking water at 1 mg/ml for the entire time of the experiment.
		Half of the mice were placed on BrdU in the drinking water at 1 mg/ml, and the other half served as controls.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/165/8/4226 (4303 words)

	BrDU Immunoperoxidase Staining
		Use lower BrdU dose (30 mg/kg) for prolonged labelling to avoid chemotherapy-like toxcity.
		Lower doses of BrdU also effects the intensity of staining and indirectly the number of cells that will be deemed "positive".
		This is a "no antigen" control and is superior to using "no primary antibody" as a negative control to accurately judge the level of background staining.
	www.fhcrc.org /science/labs/fero/Protocols/BrDUstaining.html?&&printfriendly=yes (496 words)

	Infusion of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor into the Lateral Ventricle of the Adult Rat Leads to New Neurons in the ...
		The newly generated cells (bright orange) are identified in 20 µm coronal sections with an antibody to BrdU and visualized with a rhodamine-conjugated secondary antibody.
		For each structure analyzed, the gradient of the cell density is plotted from the wall of the ventricle (corresponding to the origin of axes) to 2.25 mm into the parenchyma.
		The absence of the TrkB receptor from the membrane of the BrdU
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/21/17/6706 (8710 words)

	Monitoring S phase progression globally and locally using BrdU incorporation in TK+ yeast strains -- Lengronne et al. ...
		BrdU is incorporated into chromosomal DNA during S phase.
		Quantification of BrdU indicates that 20% of the genome
		For each time point the relative amount of incorporated BrdU was determined and normalized to genomic DNA as described in Materials and Methods.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/7/1433 (6992 words)

	Chronic Antidepressant Treatment Increases Neurogenesis in Adult Rat Hippocampus -- Malberg et al. 20 (24): 9104 -- ...
		Rats received injections of BrdU 4 d after the last ECS (10 d) or drug (14-21 d) treatment and were killed 24 hr after the last BrdU injection.
		Rats were administered fluoxetine for 1, 5, 14, or 28 d and were then given BrdU for analysis of cell proliferation, as described in Figure 1.
		Rats received BrdU injections 4 d after the last ECS (10 d) or fluoxetine (14 d) treatment and were killed 4 weeks later.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/24/9104 (5750 words)

	New GABAergic interneurons in the adult neocortex and striatum are generated from different precursors -- Dayer et al. ...
		The location of the cell shown in A is circled in the small diagram of a coronal section from the appropriate rostrocaudal level (Bregma 1.2); the analyzed region of cortex is shown in yellow on the diagram, and the subcortical white matter, used as a boundary for the analysis, is shown in blue.
		A pair of BrdU+ cells is shown in G2; the strong NG2 staining of the cell on the left nearly obscures its green nucleus.
		BrdU, indicating that colabeling was not an artifact of BrdU
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/168/3/415 (6693 words)

	Effect of Fixation and Epitope Retrieval on BrdU Indices in Mammary Carcinomas -- McGinley et al. 48 (3): 355 -- ...
		BrdU is a halogenated nucleotide analogue of thymidine that
		Pulse-labeling of DNA with BrdU and subsequent immunohistochemical
		Proliferating cells are marked by dark brown nuclei and counterstained with light hematoxylin.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/48/3/355 (3604 words)

	Sheep anti BrdU
		BrdU is used for nucleotide substitution to replace thymidine with uridine in the DNA structure of dividing cells of various types.
		Denature DNA sample first so that bases are accessable to BrdU antibody.
		First use a fixation step in cold methanol for 30 minutes followed by immersion in 0.007 M NaOH for 10-15 seconds allows BrdU staining with the simultaneous detection of nuclear cytoplasmic and membrane components as well as preservation of morphological detail.
	www.capralogics.com /P00013.htm (564 words)

	Very Slow Turnover of {beta}-Cells in Aged Adult Mice -- Teta et al. 54 (9): 2557 -- Diabetes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A: BrdU proliferation analysis of pancreatic tissues harvested from mice after various periods of continuous BrdU labeling.
		The panel shows 5-day-old data from a short-term BrdU labeling study (see text), 16- and 70-day-old data from a cohort with the same mixed genetic background as the mice in this study (10), and 365-day-old data from a long-term labeling study (see text).
		B: Representative islets of various sizes from a 1-year-old mouse treated with BrdU for 16 weeks that were immunostained with antibodies against insulin (green) and BrdU (red), counterstained with DAPI (blue), and photographed with a 100
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/9/2557 (4902 words)

	Early determination and long-term persistence of adult-generated new neurons in the hippocampus of mice -- Kempermann ...
		A valid estimate of the size of the proliferating population is not possible.
		BrdU was given once a day for 12 consecutive days.
		Furthermore, NeuN cannot be detected in cells that express intermediate filament nestin as a marker of stem or progenitor cells.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/2/391 (5893 words)

	The renal papilla is a niche for adult kidney stem cells -- Oliver et al. 114 (6): 795 -- Journal of Clinical ...
		We administered BrdU to 3-day-old rat pups for a period of 3.5
		Then, 36 hours after the ischemia, the kidneys were harvested and 5-µm sections of their papillae were examined for BrdU (FITC fluorescin) and the Ki-67 antigen (rhodamine).
		BrdU was detected with a FITC fluorescin–coupled mouse
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/114/6/795 (7613 words)

	Bromodeoxyuridine (BRDU) antibodies from RDI Divison of Fitzgerald Industries Intl
		SPECIFICITY BrdU incorporation during in vitro growth has been found in all systems tested so far: mammalian cell lines, e.g.
		Incorporation of 5'-Bromo-2'Desoxyuridin (BrdU) into DNA 5'-bromo-2'-desoxyuridin (BrdU) is incorporated into the DNA of S-Phase (DNA-synthesizing) cells.
		BrdU is added to the culture medium at a final concentration of 10-20uM together with 2'-desoxycytidine (20-50uM).
	www.researchd.com /tumorabs/pro61015.htm (524 words)

	Evaluation of Cell Proliferation in Rat Tissues with BrdU, PCNA, Ki-67(MIB-5) Immunohistochemistry and In Situ ...
		Evaluation of Cell Proliferation in Rat Tissues with BrdU, PCNA, Ki-67(MIB-5) Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization for Histone mRNA -- Muskhelishvili et al.
		BrdU IHC has proved useful for identifying S-phase cells.
		BrdU, MIB-5, PCNA IHC, and ISH for histone mRNA were performed
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/51/12/1681 (3470 words)

	Invitrogen - Molecular Probes - Catalog of Cell Biology Products - DNA Fragmentation
		DNA strand breaks that occur during apoptosis are often identified using the TUNEL assay, which employs a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) to add BrdUTP to the fragmented DNA ends.
		The BrdU is then detected with an anti-BrdU antibody.
		In addition to buffers and reagents to carry out the BrdU incorporation, the kit contains an Alexa Fluor 488 dye–labeled anti-BrdU antibody and samples of fixed cells that serve as both positive and negative controls.
	probes.invitrogen.com /lit/catalog/3/sections/3890.html (775 words)

	Bromodeoxyuridine antibodies (polyclonal) from Research Diagnostics Inc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The antibody was tested using immunoprecipitation against 5-Methyl Cytosine (5-MeC) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or control (no anitgen) and assayed by A405 spectrophotometry.
		Nearly complete immunoprecipitation of BrdU was obtained at a concentration of 100 to 500ug/ml.
		The product has also been tested for utility for staining of brdU incorporated into DNA of replicating cells.
	www.researchd.com /tumorabs/brduabs.htm (394 words)

	BrdU double staining - BioForum
		I tried to do double staining using BrdU antibody and antibody for cardiomyocyte marker protein with DAPI nucleus counter-staining.
		The problem is if I use HCl treatment BrdU signal is excellent, but other signals are gone!!.
		I usually do BrdU staining along with DAPI and GFAP with any problem, even with the acid hydrolysis.
	www.protocol-online.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=8321 (227 words)

	Brdu for DNA synthesis - BioForum
		Then process after whatever amount of time is called for inthe experiment we are doing.
		Anyways, the biotin labeled BrdU is for my slide sections.
		And for the BrdU, I recomend Sigma's,but I'm sure lots of other company's sell it.
	www.protocol-online.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=514 (251 words)

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