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Topic: Breastmilk

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	How breastmilk protects babies Mothering - Find Articles
		Breastmilk bridges the gap between relatively unprotected newborns-who are faced with organisms they have never before encountered-and older children, who can defend themselves relatively well against most infectious agents.
		It is also interesting to note that breastmilk, by protecting the infant against infection, also protects the mother, since whatever the baby catches will usually be passed on to her.
		The major antibody in breastmilk (secretory IgA) is formed by the mother in response to specific bacteria and viruses to which she is exposed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0838/is_n82/ai_19052407 (810 words)

	Food and nutrition bulletin - Volume 17, Number 4, December 1996
		Secretory IgA is the principal immunoglobulin of breastmilk.
		The composition of breastmilk is not uniform, and the concentrations of many of its constituents change during the lactation period and differ between individual mothers.
		Breastmilk fat and protein concentrations were increased slightly by the supplement, but lactose levels fell, resulting in only a marginal effect on total breastmilk energy.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/food/8F174e/8F174E04.htm (3216 words)

	Breastmilk: Nature's Ideal First Food
		Breastmilk is made up of a complex composition of important proteins, fatty acids, sugars, amino acids, iron and many other nutrients which are tailored to meet your baby's specific and changing needs.
		Even if you have decided to use formula rather than breastmilk, you may wish to breastfeed your newborn for at least a few days after birth, so that he or she can receive the antibody protection and nutritional benefits offered by colostrum.
		Stored breastmilk can be used by a babysitter when you're unavailable, or by a partner who wishes to share in feeding your baby.
	www.drpaul.com /breastfeeding/breastmilk.html (1037 words)

	Breastfeeding: Breastmilk jaundice
		True breastmilk jaundice, also referred to as late onset jaundice, is relatively rare, in the range of 0.5 to 4 percent of births.
		Breastmilk jaundice is defined as serum bilirubin greater than 10 mg/dl in the third week of life, when other organic and functional causes have been ruled out.
		Because this type of jaundice is often associated with a less than adequate intake of milk, it is not possible to diagnose breastmilk jaundice until it is established that the baby is feeding well.
	parenting.ivillage.com /baby/bbreastfeed/0,,7fzp,00.html (638 words)

	Everything Surrogacy.com - Different Ways Children Born Through Surrogacy May Receive Breastmilk
		Breastmilk contains the protein CD14 which works to develop B cells which are immunity cells that are needed in the production of antibodies in an infant to build the babies immunity system.
		These women may be surrogate and adoptive mothers whom wish to pump and ship their breastmilk but whose intended parents did not wish to use it, women who's children recently weaned away form the breast but wish to continue producing breastmilk, or women whom produce an unwanted abundant supply of milk.
		Requesting a letter from her child's pediatrician stating that she is a good candidate for donating breastmilk because her child has thrived and developed normally on her milk and her child will not suffer as a result of her donating is appropriate.
	www.everythingsurrogacy.com /cgi-bin/main.cgi?Section6 (4378 words)

	Guidelines for Preparation of Formula and Breastmilk in Health Care Facilities
		To prevent errors in breastmilk delivery, human milk supplied to the facility must be labeled with complete and accurate information, including infant’s name, medical record number, and date and time of pumping.
		Breastmilk remaining in a bottle after feeding an infant should be discarded.
		All formulas, expressed breastmilk, feeding additives, and supplies should be stored on the patient unit in a secured or limited-access area and under the proper storage conditions.
	www.eatright.org /cps/rde/xchg/ada/hs.xsl/nutrition_1562_ENU_HTML.htm (3174 words)

	Breastmilk storage 101: Answers to your 7 most-asked questions
		Studies have shown that freshly expressed breastmilk can be stored at room temperature, (79 degrees F), for up to six hours, (Hamosh 1996) or at 66 to 72 degrees for up to 10 hours (Barger and Bull 1987).
		Breastmilk varies from mother to mother, and room temperature is often a subjective measure that varies over time.
		Frozen breastmilk can be stored three to six months, depending on the temperature of the freezer and frequency of freezer door openings.
	parenting.ivillage.com /newborn/nbreastfeed/0,,484b,00.html (886 words)

	Goodness of Breastmilk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is recommended that all infants should be fed exclusively on breastmilk until they are six months of age and continued to be breastfed till 2 years or beyond.
		Breastmilk is clean, free from bacteria and has anti-infective properties.
		“Breastmilk is all that the baby needs for the first six months.” Breastmilk is an ideal food for your baby because it contains all the nutrients that a baby needs for first 6 months of life.
	www.bpni.org /cgi1/goodness.asp (875 words)

	Breastmilk: A Critical Source of Vitamin A for Infants and Young Children - Rehydration Project
		Breastmilk is a hygienic source of energy, essential nutrients, water, immune factors, and many other components that are beneficial for infants and young children.
		Breastmilk is generally higher in nutritional value than alternative foods and liquids fed to children in developing countries.
		Breastmilk is richer in fat than most complementary foods and may be essential to facilitate the utilization of vitamin A present in these foods.
	www.rehydrate.org /breastfeed/facts-breastmilk.htm (3090 words)

	Medical References: Breastfeeding
		Breastmilk contains all the nutrients a baby needs for healthy growth and development during the first six months of life, as well as substances that help protect a baby from many illnesses.
		Breastmilk is easy for a baby to digest, so the baby may have less gas and discomfort than a formula-fed baby.
		The breastmilk of a mother of a premature baby is different from that of a mother of a full-term baby and is designed to meet her baby’s needs at his specific stage of development.
	www.marchofdimes.com /681_9148.asp (1742 words)

	Exclusively pumping breastmilk
		In regard to the differences between breastmilk provided by breastfeeding and expressed breastmilk, we have learned through research that some of the immune components, vitamins and fat may be lost during the storage and handling of expressed milk.
		To compensate for the loss of some of the components through storage and the changes that occur in the composition of breastmilk related to the age of the baby and time of day, it’s a good idea to try to provide some freshly-pumped milk as often as it is reasonable.
		While pumped breastmilk, provided by bottle, is not exactly the same as breastmilk directly taken through breastfeeding, it is certainly as close to breastfeeding as one can get.
	parenting.ivillage.com /newborn/nbreastfeed/0,,98xx-p,00.html (1697 words)

	Storage of human breastmilk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Breastmilk may be stored in a refrigerator three to five days.
		Breastmilk can be thawed in a pan of luke warm water in just a few minutes or held under luke warm running water.
		Studies have shown that freshly pumped breastmilk keeps well at room temperature for several hours (some studies say up to 8 hours) so if chilling your breastmilk is difficult, it can be stored at room temperature for several hours, and then refrigerated as soon as possible.
	www.leron-line.com /handouts/Storage.htm (324 words)

	In August 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Breastmilk is superior nutrition for babies; superior in every sense because it is a living substance.
		The Breastmilk Bank is managed by Penny Reimers and was made possible through funding from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
		The Breastmilk Bank keeps records of all donations and is monitoring provision of breastmilk to assess what expressing patterns are better.
	www.ithembalethu.org.za /breastmilk.htm (646 words)

	[No title]
		Think about the loss of work, the exposure to antibiotics, the midnight purchases of medicine for fever and rehydration solutions, and visits to me that could be avoided if more families chose to breastfeed their infants.
		You see, infection fighting cells of the body are present in abundance in breastmilk and are not found at all in formula.
		So let's say they get all the ingredients in breastmilk (all the white blood cells, antibodies, anti-inflammatory cells, and biologically active compounds that are so important to our children's' health in formula...
	www.got-breastmilk.org /whatBMhas.shtml (892 words)

	Breastmilk Collection - Breastfeeding Express
		If you do not intend to use expressed breastmilk within a few days, freeze it immediately in the coldest section of your freezer, being careful not to let the container touch the inside self-defrosting walls of the freezer.
		When you freeze your breastmilk, be sure to leave additional space at the top of the container.
		Breastmilk is not homogenized and cream may rise to the top of the container.
	www.breastfeedingexpress.com /information/breastmilk_collection1.htm (792 words)

	Raising Children Network \| About breastmilk
		Breastmilk has developed over millions of years to be exactly suited to your baby's needs.
		Breastmilk is easy to digest and provides all the nutrients that your baby needs in a form that is readily absorbed into his system.
		The taste of breastmilk changes with whatever you have eaten, which means that a breastfed baby is likely to be accepting of new tastes when he starts to eat solids.
	raisingchildren.net.au /articles/about_breastmilk.html (568 words)

	Breast Milk, Breastmilk, Breastfeeding, Breast Feeding - Rehydration Project
		Breastmilk is a perfect food that cannot be duplicated.
		It is important for health workers to work with local communities to identify and encourage safe weaning practices and to improve infants' nutrition to increase their resistance to infections such as diarrhoea.
		Breastmilk, when fed directly from the breast, is immediately available with no wait and is at body temperature.
	www.rehydrate.org /breastfeed/index.html (7229 words)

	IndiaParenting.com - Breastmilk FAQs
		In fact, it is allegedly preferable to store breastmilk in the refrigerator rather than in the freezer, as certain studies suggest that anti-microbial properties of breastmilk are lost when the milk is frozen.
		Breastmilk should be gently stirred before giving it to your child, or if you are adding fortifiers.
		However, the amount of alcohol in your breastmilk depends upon the amount of alcohol present in your bloodstream at the time of feeding, and not on the amount of alcohol you have consumed.
	www.indiaparenting.com /diet/data/diet21_01.shtml (558 words)

	Breastmilk: A World Resource....breastfeeding and the environment, how formula pollutes.
		However, breastmilk is threatened by social attitudes towards breastfeeding and, more significantly, by the promotional tactics of baby milk companies.
		Breastmilk produces no waste: it is produced in the right amounts for the baby's needs.
		Breastmilk does not have to be shipped around the world (but a mother has a ready supply wherever she goes).
	www.parentingweb.com /lounge/WABA_enviro.htm (1707 words)

	Your Questions Answered! A Q&A Forum with Dr. Jane Morton
		The truth is that breastmilk remains uncontaminated for a longer period of time than processed milk, primarily because of all of the antibacterial factors.
		This may be absolutely fine, but because the average baby (average birthweight 7.5 pounds) gains 26 ounces at a month, I'd suggest double checking with your pediatrician to make sure some of this milk you are putting in the refrigerator shouldn't be given to your baby.
		Breastmilk from a bottle seems to be her favorite.
	www.breastfeeding.com /all_about/morton_answers5.html (2095 words)

	Berkeley Parents Network: Gross tasting frozen breastmilk
		Breastmilk is very prone to picking up odors, or at least mine was.
		In any case, scalded breastmilk still retains all the wonderful nutritional qualities even if some of the immunological benefits are diminished, and it's better than having baby refuse to drink the breastmilk at all.
		If so, keep your breastmilk at least an inch from the sides, back, and door of the freezer, or it could defrost and refreeze everytime the freezer goes through a defrosting cycle (which I think is pretty often).
	parents.berkeley.edu /advice/nursing/grosstasting.html (1832 words)

	Breastmilk & It's Many Uses
		As breastmilk is “clean” and has anti-bacterial and healing properties, have you considered other great uses for it?
		If the baby/child doesn’t allow you to squirt breastmilk into his eye, then do it while they are sleeping.
		His mouth was too sore to nurse directly from the breast, but drinking expressed breastmilk from a cup helped heal the sores in a day.
	members.tripod.com /~bmsg/breastmilkuses.htm (290 words)

	Storage and Handling of Breastmilk
		Freshly expressed breastmilk may be kept at room temperature for up to 10 hours (colostrum or milk expressed within 6 days of delivery can be stored 12 hours at room temperature).
		Freshly expressed breastmilk may be kept in a self-contained freezer unit of a refrigerator for up to 3-6 months, depending upon how often the door is opened.
		While it was originally thought that a mother had to cool her fresh breastmilk before combining it with previously expressed cooled milk, the latest research now shows that you may pump directly into already refrigerated or cooled milk as long as the milk is added within 24 hours of the first milk expressed.
	breastfeeding.hypermart.net /storagehandling.html (1758 words)

	Why Promote Breastmilk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Breastmilk is specifically designed through millennia of evolution to provide perfect nutrition for a growing human infant.
		Breastmilk contains chemicals from the mother’s immune system that helps her infant recognize and fight disease organisms.
		There are a number of studies that show a possible protective effect of human milk feeding against sudden infant death syndrome, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, lymphoma, allergic diseases, and other chronic digestive diseases.
	www.teachspace.org /lauren/nestle/breastmilk.html (482 words)

	Breastmilk
		The other is counseled about the benefits of giving a baby only breastmilk, told only about adoptive mothers who claimed full milk supplies and told that, if she works hard, she can probably have a full milk supply too.
		Her adopted baby is likely to continue to be nurtured at the breast, and receive enough breastmilk to help keep him healthy, for a long while.
		The mother who was told mainly of the benefits of complete breastmilk feeding, and that if she worked hard she could probably have a full milk supply, is depressed and feels like a failure.
	www.fourfriends.com /abrw/Darillyn's/breastmilkdc.htm (850 words)

	kellymom.com :: Reusing expressed breastmilk
		Breastmilk can safely stand at room temperature for 6 to 8 hours and need not be discarded if the first feeding attempt is incomplete.
		When infants do not finish a bottle of expressed breastmilk, doctors recommend unfinished portions be thrown away.
		This study examined bacterial levels in expressed, partially consumed breastmilk that was stored for 48 hours at 4-6° C. A portion of unconsumed milk was examined as a control.
	www.kellymom.com /bf/pumping/reusing-expressedmilk.html (529 words)

	Give the Gift of Life: Donate your Breastmilk - Breastfeeding
		Because it is so important to support breastmilk donation, I applaud every breastfeeding mom who donates her breastmilk.
		Donor moms must also agree to be meticulous with collecting breastmilk to assure minimal contamination with bacteria that could be harmful to premature and sick babies.
		Once processed, the breastmilk is packaged into 2 ounce containers, refrozen, and it is then ready to be shipped to the recipient of the donor breastmilk.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art28114.asp (592 words)

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