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Topic: Breech loading

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	Snipers Paradise
		By 1812 the breech loading mechanism had been improved so as to withstand the force of a heavier powder charge as required for military service.
		Loading a gun from the breech was much easier than doing so from the muzzle, especially while lying on the ground.
		The drop block sealed the breech and greatly reduced the escape of gas and the threat of backflash.
	www.snipersparadise.com /history/sharps.htm (1432 words)

	Loading and Firing the Snider Enfield Rifle of the British Army , 1867
		Open the breech by a sharp turn of the right hand from left to right, then carry the hand to the pouch and take hold of a cartridge at the rim with the forefinger and Thumb.
		To open the breech, place the thumb on the thumb-piece of the breech-lock, and the forefinger along the nipple-lump the remaining fingers to be closed in the hand.
		Put the cartridge into the barrel, pressing it well home with the thumb, and close the breech firmly by canting the breech-block to the left with the fingers; then carry the hand to the small of the butt, and hold it lightly with the fingers behind the trigger-guard, thumb pointing to the muzzle.
	www.militaryheritage.com /snider.htm (1187 words)

	Breech-loading weapon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In field artillery, breech loading allows the crew to reload the muzzle without exposing themselves to enemy fire, and it allows turrets and emplacements to be smaller.
		The Dreyse Zündnadelgewehr or Dreyse needle gun, was a single-shot breech-loader rifle using a rotating bolt to seal the breech.
		The Greene Rifle used rotating bolt-action, and was fed from the breech.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Breech-loading (710 words)

	Ferguson Rifle
		Ferguson's screw breech was a radical departure from the status quo.
		It had a breech plug that passed perpendicularly through the barrel's breech and opened on a smoothly-moving screw thread by a single rotation of the trigger guard.
		Loading though the breech's 7/8-inch vertical opening (C), the sphere rolls forward until stopped by a lip, or venturi shoulder radius, or taper, or by its engaging the barrel's rifling.
	www.11thpa.org /ferguson.html (3899 words)

	Breech Loading Rifled Artillery
		The breech loading gun, dates as far back as the discovery of cannon itself, and fourteen guns of that description were used by the English army at the siege of Orleans, in the year 1428.
		The breech was closed by means of a vent piece, which was dropped into a slot or opening in the top of the breech.
		The idea of loading by the breech was not given up, and not withstanding the objection of the French concerning the breech-loading system, by 1861 they were occupied in finding a mechanism which, without prejudice as to safety and accuracy, would allow them to load it like the Armstrong gun.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/ship/new-navy2.htm (2044 words)

	The Regional Review (1941)
		The piece is equipped with a breech-plug which passes perpendicularly through the breech of the barrel and this, having a quick-traveling screw thread, is lowered or raised by a single revolution of the trigger-guard acting as a lever.
		In loading, the muzzle is held downward and the ball, fitting snugly, is dropped into the opening and permitted to roll forward to the front of the breech-chamber where it is stopped by the lands of the rifling.
		Loading was found to be extremely easy, suggesting that with practice the record set by Major Ferguson might be attained readily.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/regional_review/vol6-1-2g.htm (875 words)

	REME Weapons Collection - Single Shot Breech Loading Rifles
		This breech loading rifle was designed by Antoine Alphonse Chassepot, a foreman at a French artillery arsenal, and introduced into the French Army as Fusil Mod 66.
		His first breech loader, rifled barrel, with an improved breech mechanism, was constructed in 1835 and after thorough testing was adopted by the Prussian Army as a standard weapon in 1840.
		All subsequent successful breech loading systems were based on this design; but for it, even the Mauser Rifle could not have been developed.
	www.rememuseum.org.uk /arms/rifles/armssbar.htm (807 words)

	GUN-BARL-CONSTRUCTION-1
		One standard method for loading the classical type of seagoing muzzle-loading smoothbore required the gunner first to ladle into the breech end of the bore a measured quantity of fl powder (later, a paper- of cloth-wrapped “cartridge” was used), and then to ram down the bore the round shot wrapped in a fabric “patch.”
		Between the mushroom head and the forward face of the breech plug, and bearing against a smooth section of the breech chamber called the gas-check seat, is the gas-check pad.
		In contrast to the sliding-wedge breech mechanisms described above, which are operated through mechanical camming and spring action when the gun housing moves backward and forward in recoil and counter-coil, the breech-mechanism in 6-inch and 8-inch case guns are operated hydraulically.
	www.eugeneleeslover.com /USNAVY/GUN-BARL-CONSTRUCTION-1.html (8124 words)

	History of the Civil War
		The loading and firing of the rifle (refer to letters on drawing at right) was accomplished by: The breechblock "A" was locked by the toggle, by pulling the trigger guard leaver "C" down the toggle "B" was unlocked, which then pulled the breech block straight back.
		The breech loader was soon deemed a necessity for the mounted troops, so it was as a cavalry carbine that this fine weapon saw its most active service.
		A quick firing breech loading firearm, the Sharps introduced a highly intricate firing mechanism using a lever that doubled as a trigger guard.
	www.floridareenactorsonline.com /carbinesetc.htm (3086 words)

	Potato Gun Breech Loader Modification - PVC Ballistics
		This barrel modification is used primarily in conjunction with the PSR-01.
		This device allows for easy breech loading of small bore projectiles into the pneumatic launcher or air cannon, and operates exactly like other breech loading rifles.
		The section is about 1 1/2" from one end, and runs the length of the breech for 8 1/2".
	members.aol.com /sph911/spud/breech.html (403 words)

	The Ferguson Rifle
		That part of the barrel acts as receiver (A) with vertical breech (B) [plug] are heat treated, case hardened steel.
		The vertical breech does not - repeat, does not - serve the same purpose as does a cartridge rifle's breech bolt.
		There is no stress or pressure from ignition [that threatens] to blow the breech bolt from the mechanism.
	www.scottlangley.net /the_ferguson_rifle.htm (791 words)

	Reversion to muzzle loaders
		On 18 August 1865 the Committee reported thus: "The many-grooved system of rifling with its lead-coated projectiles and complicated (!) breech-loading arrangements is far inferior for the general purpose of war to the muzzle-loading system and has the disadvantage of being more expensive in both original cost and ammunition.
		A gun rifled on the system designed in 1842 by Colonel Treuille de Beaulieu of the French Army, which had adopted it in 1856, was also tested, but with the number of grooves reduced from six to three.
		The Committee eventually decided to adopt the three-groove version for the RML system about to be introduced as it proved the most accurate and the easiest to load.
	riv.co.nz /rnza/hist/gun/rifled4.htm (654 words)

	Guns & Gunleather - The Coming Of Breechloaders & Repeaters
		In loading, the front end of the block was lifted by releasing a spring, and the charge was inserted.
		In loading with a cartridge, the trigger guard acted as a lever which lowered the breech block and exposed the chamber.
		Furthermore gas escaped from the breech as with other breechloaders, and sometimes all chambers in the cylinder accidentally fired at once, blowing off a shooter's left hand not to mention the waste of powder and ball.
	www.jcs-group.com /oldwest/guns/rifle1.html (2462 words)

	Breechloading Cannons
		It is in very good condition and a breech block is included with this cannon.
		This type of cannon almost NEVER has the breech block with it as they are lost over the years.
		This breech loader is decorated around the breech area and has a very large and beautiful stylized and intricately designed raised aiming sight.
	bronzecannon.net /breechloading_cannons.htm (469 words)

	Breech Mechanisms - The Gun by WL Ruffell
		Breech mechanisms of the BL 6-inch and 8-inch coast guns installed in New Zealand during the 1880s were of the type illustrated.
		The Mk 8 gun was identical to the Mk 7 except that the breech opoened to the left, ie it was designed to be 'twinned' with a Mk 7 in a Naval turret.
		Guns designated 'BLC' were those converted by having their breeches and breech mechanisms modified from long-screw four-motion to short-screw single-motoin.
	riv.co.nz /rnza/hist/gun/rifled13.htm (898 words)

	History of the Civil War
		A screw-type breech slid in a key-way and forced copper sleeves into a counterbored chamber for a gas-tight seal.
		Simultaneously, a steel chamber containing a.58 caliber paper cartridge (early model) in each breech was loaded from a hopper at the top, and each one was fired when it was at the bottommost position.
		On the same axle as the breech cam is another cam that cocks the hammer and drops it just as the breech block is closed.
	www.floridareenactorsonline.com /machinegun.htm (1767 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Loading is a major factor in the accuracy of a barrel, but this is another matter.
		The practice of funneling the muzzle of a muzzle loading rifle for easier loading does not appear to affect the accuracy, if properly done, but the muzzle of a fl powder cartridge rifle should never be funneled.
		When ordering a muzzle loading barrel, a good rule to remember is the larger the ball the slower the twist.
	blackpowderonline.com /MARCH04TheRflBr.htm (995 words)

	Loading a Muzzleloader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		All muzzle loading firearms made elsewhere than the United States will have undergone proof testing to determine that the firearm is safe to shoot with service charges.
		Loading through Choke Tubes: This is a problem that never existed in the muzzle loading era.
		Choke boring was not widely used until 1875, which was well into the breech loading era, where you did have to worry about getting down past the choke with the wads.
	www.circlefly.com /html/body_loading_a_muzzleloader.html (1195 words)

	November 1995 - Civil War Carbines
		Loading and using muskets with 40 inch barrels, especially in cavalry formations on horseback, proved very cumbersome.
		The French Army was the first to arm their mounted troops with short barreled long arms, and the word "carbine" is actually a slang expression from the French word "escarrabin" meaning, loosely, one who associates with dung beetles.
		I was even using my deer load this summer at some of the skirmishes, and it moves out accurately and quickly.
	www.civilwarguns.com /9511.html (1132 words)

	AdvancedSpuds - Breech Loading - Spud Guns - Your source for spudgun information! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Breech loading is awesome, it is much faster to load.
		I think it took me about 40 seconds to load a spud with the ramrod method, and now it takes me 5-10 seconds.
		This method is not quite as fast to load as the cam lever coupling method, but still does a nice job.
	www.advancedspuds.com /breech.htm (446 words)

	Trial of Breech Loading Rifles for the Army
		The reason assigned by the Board for this test is that cavalry carry their carbines with the muzzle down, and it is liable to become filled with mud.
		In reply to this, Governor Jackson says that if the muzzle is closed with mud, the barrel will burst, whatever the strength of the breech; he has tried the experiment of closing the muzzle with a cork, and the gun always bursts at the muzzle.
		The inventors present seemed all to agree that no good shooting could be done by fastening the gun in a clamp; the proper way being to have a good double rest, and fire from the shoulder.
	www.researchpress.co.uk /firearms/usa/armstrials/bltussa18660609.htm (1320 words)

	HMS Warrior (1860): Armament
		The Armstrong 110 pdr breech loading guns were a new design - and were mounted in Warrior as a trial for the fleet.
		Although these were heavier 68 pounder cannon, they remained muzzle loading and were serviced and fired as cannon had been for centuries - but with the technical improvement of a percussion cap firing lock instead of a flint lock or 'match' smouldering rope end.
		The loaded gun could now be run out, manually hauled up to the gun port using blocks and tackle, and slewed (if required) by the use of a strong metal spike, worked between the deck and the bottom of the gun truck.
	www.stvincent.ac.uk /Heritage/Warrior/guns.html (1550 words)

	The .50-70 Government: America's First Big-Bore Centerfire
		By the end of the war between the states, a foregone conclusion was that muzzle loading rifles were obsolete and a hindrance on the battlefield.
		The progression of the development of breech loading rifles before and during the war ensured that the replacement for the 1863 Springfield rifled musket would be a breech loader using self-contained metal cartridges.
		All of the loads tested were based on the suggested minimum starting loads, as is prudent in any loading situation, especially with vintage rifles.
	www.shootmagazine.com /articles/firearms/50-70_govt.htm (2507 words)

	Historic Firearm of the Month, August 2000
		The OSC carefully considered the requirements and parameters of the new breech loading arms giving special attention to the questions of barrel length, caliber, weights of both rifle and ammunition, the nature of the cartridge and the mode of ignition, and the system of rifling and the rate of twist.
		The breech is sealed by a block which swings on a pin passing through the upper rear of the body.
		A lever in the back of the trigger acts upon the breech block by means of two horns, so that when the lever is lowered the block falls and strikes the lower arm of the extractor, ejecting the spent case.
	www.cruffler.com /historic-september00.html (3091 words)

	Tau 7 breech loading latch - AirGunForum
		I've taken the habit of checking the breech is locked each time I reload, and as I said, I've had no problems at all.
		This stopped the breech from closing properly as it was offset by the angled pin.
		Try to include the secure closing of the breech into your re-loading regime by pressing down on it fairly hard on it with your thumb before cocking the action.
	www.airgunforum.net /agf/index.php?showtopic=1299 (769 words)

	Breech loading rifles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The advantages of this invention are the extreme facility, quickness, and great additional safety in loading, the increased rapidity or sharpness and strength of shooting, absence of foulness, recoil, and less liability to be affected by wet or damp.
		Take out the exploded cartridges with the thumb, or should they be rather tight (which is rarely the case,) tap the pin with a loaded cartridge, or draw them out with the small instrument made expressly for the purpose.
		For cleaning, on returning from shooting, wipe out the barrels with dry towel, then grease them slightly with an oiled rag, taking care not to bruise the breech end of the barrels by placing them on stones, as the nicety of fitting may be destroyed.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Boys_Own_Book_of_Outdoor_Sports/breechloa_c.html (252 words)

	The American Revolution: The Ferguson Rifle
		By pulling the guard handle to the side, then giving it a half to three quarter turn, the screw plug was rotated downward leaving a hole in the barrel into which the ball and powder were inserted.
		Unlike earlier breech-loading designs which had the opening at the bottom of the barrel in the front of the breech, Ferguson's opened so that the hole was in the top of the barrel at the back of the breech.
		Also, his plug mechanism was constructed so that it stopped when it reached the bottom of the bore, thus it could never be accidentally screwed out of the gun and fall during the heat of the battle.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~ieahcweb/revtest/guns/ferguson.rifle.html (1169 words)

	The Ellsworth Gun
		The Ellsworth guns were one of only 2 types of breech- loading artillery purchased by the Union army during the American Civil War.
		The guns that they sent were four feet long, six inches in diameter at the breech and three and a half inches at the muzzle.
		It also has a breech-block which travels through the breech portion of the gun and is of 1.5” caliber.
	home.comcast.net /~leeannhubbard/index.html (2713 words)

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