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Topic: Breeches roles

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	Breeches role - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A breeches role (also pants role or trouser role) is a role in which an actress appears in male clothing (breeches being tight-fitting knee-length pants, the standard male garment at the time breeches roles were introduced).
		In the case of a woman playing the role of a young man, the part is often filled by a mezzo soprano or contralto.
		Breeches roles remained an attraction on the British stage for centuries, but their fascination gradually declined as the difference in real-life male and female clothing became less extreme.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Breeches_role (1139 words)

	Gender of Pants
		Roles keep women "in their place." Any talk of roles brings ugly images of oppression, that women want to break away from.
		The apparel made for man complimented his nature and allowed him to perform his duties, whereas the woman, arrayed in her modest apparel, hinders her from filling in for a man, yet totally empowering her to be queen of her domain.
		The word 'breeches' according to Webster means "pants" and Dictionary.com says, "it is a garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs." In fact, the term:"TO WEAR THE BREECHES" means "To usurp the authority of the husband; -- said of a wife."(Collegiate Dictionary).
	www.centurionministry.org /body/pants.htm (2097 words)

	Gender, Race, and Celebrity: Entertainment in Antebellum America by Patrick Folz
		The role that women were expected to play during the antebellum era of American history was one which men felt the need to govern, criticize, and in all tense and purposes, control.
		Breeches are knee high socks that were popular among men of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
		The breeches were for men what the petticoat was to women, a way for each of them to express their masculinity and femininity respectfully.
	mgagnon.myweb.uga.edu /students/Folz.html (2362 words)

	Undergraduate Research Journal Page 2
		Charke played a number of male roles and breeches parts, roles in which a "male" character was played by a woman.
		The underlying motivation behind Charke's casting of herself in these roles is fundamentally theatrical, and the manner in which she approaches each role is like that of an actress approaching a dramatic challenge.
		It is often the case that scholars of Charke refer to her in pathological terms, ascribe her male roles to the intention of asserting an abnormal masculinity, or deem her the celebrated example of early lesbian subjectivity.
	www.urop.uci.edu /journal/journal98/PriyaShah/Body2.html (855 words)

	The Patriot Volunteers: Historical Reenactors of America's 18th Century Heritage
		In military terms they had unique strengths and vulnerabilities which meant that their role on a tactical level was generally different from those of the Continental Line or the militia.
		Breeches: For the Revolutionary War drop-front is the more common style though fly-front is still used.
		Breeches should be of wool, heavy linen, heavy cotton or a linen/cotton blend.
	www.wemakehistory.com /SEA/Patriot.htm (2653 words)

	Breech Of Contract -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A Breech birth (also known as breech presentation) refers to the position of the baby in the uterus such that it will be delivered buttocks first as opposed to the normal head first position.
		This is because the weight of the baby's head encourages a head down position, and because as the baby grows and takes up more room in the uterus, she or he is less able to move about freely.
		Frank breech - the baby's bottom comes first, and his or her legs are flexed at the hip and extended at the knees (with feet near the ears).
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/22/breech-of-contract.html (582 words)

	Books \| Girls and boys come out to play
		Female-to-male cross-dressed parts (or "breeches" roles) became famously popular to the extent that nearly one quarter of all plays produced between 1660 and 1700 contained at least one breeches part.
		Closely fitting breeches offered audiences an unparalleled opportunity to view the female form in a culture where women's shapes from their waist to their feet otherwise remained hidden from view.
		Susannah Mountfort (later Verbruggen) was hugely popular in such roles, having a knack of transforming her appearance and behaviour "into almost another animal", and Thomas Southerne wrote the extremely successful role of the cross-dressing heroine of Sir Anthony Love (1690) especially for her uncanny skills.
	books.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,5357228-110738,00.html (923 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-11182003-224332
		The breeches convention was, of course, not new when Cushman first portrayed Romeo in 1837.
		Breeches roles were popular because the bodily display of the performer fulfilled heterosexual desire.
		In contrast, Menken's breeches depictions were not purposely realistic as the coquettish Menken often underscored her feminine appeal in the play Mazeppa.
	etd.lib.fsu.edu /theses/available/etd-11182003-224332 (486 words)

	USLSS
		After the messenger line was affixed to the mast by crewmen posing as shipwrecked mariners, they then draw out a hawser bent around a block (pulley) and lashed the block to the mast.
		The keeper and crew now had control of both ends of the hawser and could attach a breeches buoy, a ring-shaped float with a seat in it, to the hawser and send it out to the "ship" by pulling on one end of the hawser.
		Crew could be taken from the ship by getting into the breeches buoy and letting the surfmen pull them to shore, repeating the process for each mariner to be rescued.
	www.rogersstreet.com /uslss.htm (663 words)

	Undergraduate Research Journal Page 7 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The conventional domestic roles of women are a hindrance to Charke's survival, and indeed, Charke celebrates her ability to succeed (to various degrees) in the unconventional roles she pursues.
		Indeed, by stressing the theatricality inherent in her attitude towards the roles of physician, grocer, waiter, etc., Charke is able to play off the unconventionality of her creating or taking such positions.
		Breeches were not reserved for boyish or asexual characters; rather, many actresses in breeches played leading masculine roles.
	www.urop.uci.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /journal/journal98/PriyaShah/Body7.html (842 words)

	Susanna Verbruggen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		She was a successful and popular comedienne, known especially for her breeches roles.
		Her greatest success was as the main character Lucia in Thomas Southerne's Sir Anthony Love, where Lucia partakes of the freedom of the roistering Restoration rake by disguising herself as "Sir Anthony".
		She was one of the leading actresses at the United Company, but when the company split in two in 1695 (see Restoration comedy) she was, however, not offered a share in the actors' cooperative, but merely a salary.
	www.godseye.com /stat/en/s/u/s/Susanna_Verbruggen_04ba.html (272 words)

	Dream- An All-Female Cast... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		However, we do know that Shakespeare created many breeches roles or roles in which female characters are required to disguise themselves as men including Rosalind in As You Like It and Viola in Twelfth Night.
		In these breeches roles, the female characters dress and credibly pass as men.
		On the other hand, if women are cast into traditionally male roles the choice is frequently questioned immediately and directors are asked to justify and explain their choice.
	www.colorado.edu /TheatreDance/productions/archive/0102/midsummer/midcast.html (478 words)

	Glossary
		Male roles played by females, particularly popular in Restoration and eighteenth-century English theater.
		Roles of both sexes are performed by men in a highly theatrical, nonrealistic style.
		In Japanese kabuki, women's roles played by male actors.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0072831820/student_view0/glossary.html (5963 words)

	boys clothes : 16th century
		By the 16th century the hose were divided into trunk hose or hauts-de-chausses, which consisted of a number of rings or puffs of material passing horizontally around the thigh; and stockings or bas-de-chausses.
		They were called trunk hose and were padded breeches, often padded and blouced out to the extreme.
		Young boys were dressed in the same gowns an dresses that girls wore and did not begin wearing breeches until about 5-6 years of age, although this varied.
	histclo.com /chron/c1500.html (2543 words)

	small spiral notebook
		By the time Charlotte was in her mid-twenties, she had made a name for herself in London's theaters, specializing in what were known as "breecher parts," roles in which female actors wore men's clothing and played male characters as part of the plot.
		It was at this point that Charlotte took the breecher roles she had made famous into real life.
		She began to dress and, in some instances, act like a man. In two of the jobs she held, as a waiter and as a valet, she initially passed as a man. When she worked as an actor in traveling theater troupes, she often performed under the name Charles Brown.
	www.smallspiralnotebook.com /reviews/charlotte.shtml (697 words)

	Bears Breeches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Breeches role 1: ngth pants, the standard male garment at the time breeches roles were introduced).
		It can also refer, in o 3: retending to be a man andndash; is not considered a breeches role.
		Tom Jones (singer) 4: n exuberant live act which included wearing tight breeches and billowing shirts, in an Edwardian periodEd The Towering Inferno (movie) 11: er''); escape by helicopter fails, but escapes by breeches buoy and "Scenic Elevator" are more successful.
	www.vermontreview.com /edge/2473-bears%20breeches.html (511 words)

	glbtq >> arts >> Cushman, Charlotte
		Her interpretation of the role was much more energetic and powerful than was customary at the time.
		Early on, Cushman seems to have realized the value of publicity, particularly the sort that would identify her as a member of genteel society and offset the general suspicion that actresses were not virtuous women.
		Her approach to the role was creative and risky: Cushman's Meg Merrilies was a physically unattractive yet powerful old crone.
	www.glbtq.com /arts/cushman_c.html (806 words)

	Charlotte Charke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		She acted on the stage from the age of 17, mainly in breeches roles, and took to wearing male clothing off the stage.
		In July of that year she made her first appearance in a breeches role as Tragedo in the same play and followed that the next year with Roderigo in Othello.
		In 1758, Catherine and her husband moved to America, and in 1759 Charke attempted to return to the stage in the breeches role of Marplot in Susanna Centlivre's The Busybody.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charlotte_Charke (1889 words)

	CJ625 Student Paper
		The concepts of insider and the threat of insider security breech are examined from the perspective of scope, definition, and the complexity of access, knowledge of controls and authorized use of systems.
		The role of insider (verses outsider) is not as clear as it once was.
		An example would be an employee who role changes to a consultant in a contract position while they still perform much the same work (as is becoming more common with retiree "double dipping" for example).
	abyss.usask.ca /~roebuck/threats.HTML (8198 words)

	About Charlotte Cushman
		Charlotte developed the role over the years from the costume of rags to the expertly applied makeup.
		Charlotte is also very well known for the male roles she played.
		In her private life off the stage, Charlotte Cushman was involved in a number of what were then referred to as romantic female friendships.
	library.rmwc.edu /cushman/new_page_3.htm (603 words)

	Fairy Extravaganzas
		Vestris assumed a breeches role as the young man whom Puss befriends, and Bland was again a king.
		His art blossomed with the addition of Horton to the company, for she was a fine singer and a gifted mimic, whose breeches roles became amusing parodies of male behavior, rather than the elegant sex appeal of Vestris' portrayals.
		The role was entertaining, but seemed to remove Robson from his niche as a grotesque and unhappy man who becomes a villain because of rejection.
	www-personal.umd.umich.edu /~nainjaun/fairy.html (1687 words)

	NGA-Toulouse-Lautrec's Chilperic
		The beautiful Marcelle Lender played an important role and she was dressed, or rather undressed, in such a fashion that every muscle of her back could be scrutinized by the opera glasses.
		In a mock-heroic tableau the star performer Albert Brasseur in the role of Chilpéric, has just arrived onstage, jauntily perched astride a dispirited white nag, to the accompaniment of a troop of buff oonish soldiers, their mouths open in song.
		The pages in Chilpéric were breeches roles filled by young women, performers chosen for their shapeliness, as Lautrec recognized in his depictions.
	www.ibiblio.org /nga/chilperic.html (5052 words)

	LMA Learning Zone > Theatreland > Images
		Women appeared on stage for the first time after the Restoration, and quickly came to play an important role in the theatre, both as performers and writers.
		‘Breeches roles’, in which actresses played the parts of men, became very popular, and in the second half of the 17 th century it has been estimated that as many as a quarter of all plays produced in London contained one or more roles for actresses in men’s clothes.
		Many of the most celebrated actresses of the time were known for their skill in male roles, including Anne Bracegirdle, Susanna Mountford and the theatre manager Eliza Vestris.
	cityoflondon.gov.uk /corporation/lma_learning/theatreland/images.asp (1365 words)

	Sarah Bernhardt Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Her most noted qualities as an actor were her "voice of gold" and her ability to breathe emotional life into classic roles and melodramatic heroines, lifting the former from the stultifying effects of tradition and lending nobility and depth to the latter.
		She also played several "breeches" roles (male parts played by women) throughout her career, such as Hamlet and the title role in Rostand's L'Aiglon (The Eaglet, about Napoleon's son), which was written especially for her.
		However, she continued to perform, even though she was constrained to perform excerpts of her most famous roles lying in a prone position or propped up by an artfully-designed set piece.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/sarah-bernhardt (891 words)

	Out In The Mountains : Columns - Women Like That
		She became well known for playing Romeo, a role she first played at the age of twenty and reprised again and again throughout her career, often playing the Romeo to her Juliets off stage besides.
		It was not unheard of for actresses of this era to take on breeches parts despite the rigid gender roles to which men and women were expected to adhere in regular society.
		It could be argued that the reason for this was that the men in the audience found the novelty of seeing an actress’s legs in male attire titillating, but Charlotte won the hearts of her entire audience.
	mountainpridemedia.org /oitm/issues/2003/05may2003/col05_likethat.htm (1014 words)

	Serjeant-At-Arms
		In the House of Commons, the role of the Serjeant extended to include being the Housekeeper for the Commons.
		Many of the contemporary roles of the Serjeant-at-Arms stem from the historical and traditional aspects of the office – the ceremonial, security and 'housekeeping' roles.
		The main Chamber responsibilities of the Serjeant during the sittings of the House relate to assisting the Speaker to maintain order and are laid down in the Standing Orders (or rules) of the House.
	www.aph.gov.au /house/dept/saa.htm (999 words)

	Breeches role - Everything on Breeches role (information, latest news, articles,...)
		Breeches role - Everything on Breeches role (information, latest news, articles,...)
		It can also refer, in opera, to any male character in the opera that is sung and acted by a female singer — in the case of a woman playing the role of a young man, the part is often filled by a mezzo soprano.
		By contrast, a female opera character who dresses in male clothing to deceive other characters — that is, who plays a woman pretending to be a man — is not considered a breeches role.
	www.spiritus-temporis.com /breeches-role (317 words)

	Burlesque of the 1950s
		The performance was a parody of high drama of the period using contemporary songs, bad puns, and women in "breeches" roles, that is, dressed as men with their legs revealed.
		The performance "came to be characterized as a cultural epidemic of indecency, impudence, and suggestive sexual display."[3] Despite the criticism, Leavitt was able to create a formula for box office success from Ixion which he sent touring across the nation throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century.
		The woman in the breeches role who defined the marquee term "burlesque" in the nineteenth century had a fairly standardized costume of which elements can be found on the person of the 1950s burlesque stripper.
	www.clotheslinejournal.com /burlesque.html (3629 words)

	Polly S. Fields, Ph.D.
		In addition, she undertook the very difficult role of Sir Fopling Flutter, for which she had to play a man playing an effeminate man, which would present about the same level of difficulty as a woman playing a man playing a woman.
		She has established a discreet distance between her role as man and her role as woman, but, in the moment of crisis, allows them to blur and even forgets to be "womanly." The intra-penetration has been generally quite successful in totally blending two genders.
		Cast in leading male roles in his 1736 and 1737 dramas, Charke received thereby public validation of her social defiance, allowing us to view her relationship with Fielding as symbiotic.
	www.lssu.edu /faculty/pfields/charke.php (8807 words)

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