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	The Brehon Laws
		Brehon law is the usual term for Irish native law, as administered in Ireland down to almost the middle of the seventeenth century, and in fact amongst the native Irish until the final consummation of the English conquest.
		The law of primogeniture did not obtain in Ireland, and the selection was made of the man who being of the chieftain's near blood could best defend the tribe and lead it in both war and peace.
		It is also likely that much of the law relating to the alienation of land, all the land belonging originally to the tribe, was influenced by the Church, and indeed the Church seems to have been the grantee primarily contemplated in these regulations.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/brehon_laws.html (3320 words)

	Brehon Laws - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Brehon Laws were statutes that governed everyday life and politics in Ireland until the Norman invasion of 1171 (the word "Brehon" is an Anglicisation of breitheamh (earlier brithem), the Irish word for a judge).
		The laws were a civil rather than a criminal code, concerned with the payment of compensation for harm done and the regulation of property, inheritance and contracts: the concept of state-administered punishment for crime was foreign to Ireland's early lawmakers.
		Due to this, the Brehon Laws would never be readopted on an official basis, although some modernized concepts survive in the laws of the Republic of Ireland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brehon_Laws (982 words)

	A (much) smaller Social History of Ancient Ireland - Chapter VI - The Brehon Laws
		The brehons had collections of laws in volumes or tracts, all in the Irish language, by which they regulated their judgements, and which those of them who kept law-schools expounded to their scholars ; each tract treating of one subject or one group of subjects.
		The Brehon Law was vehemently condemned by English writers ; and in several acts of parliament it was made treason for the English settlers to use it.
		Everywhere in the literature, especially in the laws, the féine or free farming classes are spoken of as a most important part of the community - as the foundation of society, and as the ultimate source of law and authority.
	www.alia.ie /tirnanog/sochis/iv.html (5015 words)

	Brehon Law, Ireland
		Law was important in public and private life in ancient Ireland and the native legal system was in existence before the ninth century.
		The brehon's fee (fola) was one twelfth, of the property in dispute, or of the fine in the case of an action for damages.
		These law collections were all written in the oldest Irish dialect called the Bérla Feini, and this was so difficult that even some of those destined to become brehons had to be specially instructed in the language.
	www.from-ireland.net /history/brehon.htm (605 words)

	BREHON LAWS - Online Information article about BREHON LAWS
		Warriors, statesmen, Brehons, 011amhs, physicians, poets, and even eminent workers in the more important arts, were, in different degrees, rewarded with free lands for their respective public services.
		In these circumstances the law held the criminal's life forfeit, and he might be slain or taken as a prisoner or slave.
		arrest, it was lawful to maim or slay him according to the magnitude of the attempted crime.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BOS_BRI/BREHON_LAWS.html (6512 words)

	BREHON LAW
		The Brehons being Druids were regarded as somewhat mysterious, godly people who were god(dess)-inspired, with a higher power keeping watch of their decisions and pronouncing them guilty of a malfeasance of duty by punishing them for wrong judgements.
		The brehons had collections of laws in volumes or tracts, all in the Irish language, by which they regulated their judgements, and which those of them who kept law-schools expounded to their scholars; each tract treating of one subject or one group of subjects.
		In each court, besides the brehon who sat in judgement, there were one or more professional lawyers, advocates, or pleaders, called, in Cormac 's Glossary, dálaige [dawlee] and dai who conducted the cases for their clients; and the presiding brehon judge had to hear the pleadings for both sides before coming to a decision.
	www.angelfire.com /realm3/brehonlaws (12501 words)

	Customary Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Brehon Laws and the Laws of Hywell Dda stem from a time before the concept of the "Irish" or "Welsh", instead they derived from a complex set of customs and practices that were handed down from generation to generation of what then were the Celtic tribes.
		The Brehon Laws were written down first, from the 5th - 8th centuries, whereas the Law of Hywell Dda was first written down much later and already shows outside influences which must be stripped away to find the Celtic root of the laws.
		Of course even the Brehon Laws were not without their outside influences, in their case that of the Church.
	cornellia.fws1.com /customary_laws.htm (733 words)

	Brehon Laws relating to land, ©Jane Lyons
		Laws, II, 195, 197, 199, 203) This was equivalent to thirty-three per cent, per annum for seven years to repay a loan with its interest - a sufficiently exorbitant charge.
		Laws, II, 20, note 2 ; 233 ; III, 19) The number of followers and the time, with the quantity and quality of food and the extent of protection, were regulated by law according to the tenant's amount of daer stock (Br.
		It is evident from the Brehon Law that the fudirs were a most important class on account of their numbers; for as they tended to increase in the disturbed state of the country from the ninth century down, they must ultimately have formed a very large proportion of the population.
	www.from-ireland.net /custetc/brehonlandlaws.htm (4090 words)

	Irish Law: Events
		Brehon law was practiced in Ireland for over 1,000 years, maturing by the eighth century.
		Brehon law is still used today in some fisheries cases and was examined in this context by the Supreme Court of Ireland in (R) Moore v.
		Brehon law was admissible in the Arbitration Courts, which were the dream-child of Arthur Griffith.
	www.ucc.ie /law/irishlaw/events/brehonlaw_jan12142001.shtml (2085 words)

	MacCorkill's Scottish - Brehon Laws of Early Scots
		These laws are probably the oldest in Europe; they were in origin the laws of a pastoral people whose status was measured in the ownership of cattle, and whose legal fines were assessed in units of 'sets' (one set was half the value of a milk cow).
		The interpretation and nforcement of the law was vested in the hands of a specialist group of the Druidh caste known as Brithem, or Brehons.
		Assemblies for the giving of law judgements were held during the sacred festival times and were conducted in a formalised, itualised manner in accordance with ancient tradition.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Parthenon/2897/celtic2.html (2392 words)

	The Brehon Laws: Defining Ethics and Values for Modern Druidry
		Brehons were held in high esteem by landowners and rulers for their knowledge as Irish law, which was extremely complex.
		The practicing Brehon had to be meticulous in his or her study and handling of legal cases as it was believed that the Gods or some Divine force would punish them if they laid a poor judgment.
		The Brehon Laws or Fenechas, although not written down by the Pagan Celts (at least not that we know of), were preserved by their Christian successors and some of those writings are still in existence today, in the Corpus Iuris Hibernici, compiled by Professor D.A. Binchy in 1978.
	www.druidnetwork.org /ethical/articles/athelia_brehon.html (3740 words)

	Dalriada Celtic Heritage Trust: Brehon Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ireland is extremely unique and privileged to have preserved as part of her heritage a large body of ancient law tracts, known collectively as 'Fenechas', the law of the Feine (Freemen), or more commonly, the Brehon Law.
		The Brehon Laws were considered by all to be based on sound principles of justice, so much so that the English settlers of 'The Pale' adopted the Irish laws themselves.
		The interpretation and enforcement of the law was vested in the hands of a specialist group of the Druidh caste known as Brithem, or Brehons.
	www.droitsweb.com /Druids/brehon.html (1297 words)

	Traditional Irish Laws - An introduction
		Passed on orally, from at least the first century BC the Brehon Laws, named for Ireland's wandering jurists, were first set down on parchment in the seventh century AD, using the newly-developed, written Irish language, and continued in use until the beginning of the seventeenth century.
		Although the Irish had been living by the laws since before the time of Julius Caesar, by the time of Elizabeth I the Brehons, along with the Irish poets, were considered a danger to the realm, and the old laws 'lewd', 'unreasonable', and 'barbarous'.
		Although scholars have called the old Irish laws 'gravely defective' in that they were not based on principles or never produced a central organization, Eoin MacNeill wrote in 1934 that even Ireland's enemies in the time of Elizabeth and James I commented on the love of the Irish for justice, and for their laws.
	www.irelandseye.com /irish/traditional/culture/law/introlaw.shtm (639 words)

	Irish Laws
		Passed on orally from at least the 1st century BC the Brehon Laws, named for Ireland's wandering jurists, were first set down on parchment in the 7th century AD, using the newly-developed, written Irish language, and continued in use until the beginning of the 17th century.
		Although the Irish had been living by laws since before the time of Julius Caesar, by the time of Elizabeth I the Brehons, along with the Irish poets, were considered a danger to the realm, and the old laws were considered 'lewd', 'unreasonable', and 'barbarous'.
		The Brehon Laws are probably the most important documents of their kind in the whole tradition of western Europe.
	writergirlscorner.com /irish/irishlaws/index.html (1210 words)

	Brehon Aid
		Brehon Aid is a campaign by The Brehon Law Project, a loose coalition of individuals and organizations who are interested in the study of Brehon Law, the indigenous common law of Ireland.
		Discuss specific aspects of the laws, and their relationship to other divisions of the humanities, such as literature, music, and mythology.
		Explore the use of law, as it was practiced, in various social activities, such as sports and medicine.
	ua_tuathal.tripod.com /brehonaid.html (220 words)

	Brehon Institute for Family Services, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Brehon Laws stated that citizens should "offer hospitality to anyone who happened upon their dwelling place." So it is at Brehon, located in the Big Bend region of Florida, where families, regardless of circumstances, are always welcomed and nurtured.
		Established in 1978, Brehon's mission is to improve the lives of children and their families by providing services that produce healthy babies and prevent child abuse and neglect.
		Brehon Institute for Family Services, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) corporation that is dedicated to improving the lives of children throughout the Florida Panhandle.
	www.brehoninstitute.org (368 words)

	Home
		The Brehons of ancient Ireland were wise men of the family who memorized and applied the laws to settle disputes among members of the family.
		The Philadelphia Brehon Law Society is a professional association organized to foster the profession of law among individuals of Irish ancestry.
		Brehon was chosen as the original name of the Society when it was founded 1976.
	www.brehonlawsociety.org (303 words)

	Clannada na Gadelica - Gaelic Traditionalist Resource Site
		Brehon Law is actually a common term for the law tracts which are called Fenechas.
		The various bodies of law, commonly known as the Brehon Law are probably, the oldest known European laws.
		These laws were originally composed in poetic verse and memorized by the recitors of those laws, who were called Brithem (brih-them/v).
	www.clannada.org /brehon_s1intro.php (395 words)

	Irish Penal Laws
		Each set of laws was developed in a different manner, by a different group of people, and inspired a different attitude in the people of Ireland.
		The "aim of the anti-catholic laws was to eradicate the catholic religion in Ireland" (Moody 218).
		Life had taken quite a turn for the worse from the country in which law was changed only by the consent of an assembly of the chiefs of the nation to the country in which speaking one's native language was punishable by death.
	www.nadn.navy.mil /EnglishDept/ilv/penallaws.htm (1880 words)

	The Brehon Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The set of laws was known as the Law of the Commoner or Freemen, or the Brehon Law.
		Although the age of these laws is unknown, they appear to be at least four thousand years old, as they date back at least to the time of the Tuatha de Danann in Ireland.
		The Brehons had to study the laws for years before they were allowed to practice their art and this is due in part to the size or volume of the laws that were enforced.
	www.irishclans.com /articles/brehonlaw.html (1014 words)

	Caomhánach - Article - The Celts - Part II - Early Gaelic Society-Social Aspects, Peoples and Politics
		The principal difficulties nowadays in interpreting the Brehon Laws (consolidated in the 7th and 8th centuries, pre-Viking) are that the few surviving texts are sparse and one is therefore dependent on explanatory “glosses” and there is a total lack of case law and few records of decisions by judges.
		The laws were therefore “elitist” in that rank was of paramount importance in the giving of evidence and the size of penalties.
		Early Brehon law distinguished (i) kings of local tuaths (ii) overlords of a group of local tuaths (iii) provincial kings and (iv) the High King of all provinces.
	www.kavanaghfamily.com /articles/2005/20050714.htm (5763 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Brehon Laws
		There were only four periods in the entire history of Ireland when special laws were said to have been enacted by legislative authority: first during the reign of that Cormac Mac Airt already mentioned, in the third century; second, when St.
		We have seen that the Brehons claimed the sanction of St.
		Then the eric-fine for homicide, although it probably did not owe its origin to Christianity, yet supported itself "as a middle course between forgiveness and retaliation" by the case of one Nuada who had murdered St.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02753a.htm (3388 words)

	Dalriada Celtic Heritage Trust: Brehon Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Secondly, the Brehons formed part of a very influential class of people, not simply because of their knowledge of the intricacies of the legal system, but because they were considered to be acting on behalf of a divine power that governed their judgements.
		As we have already noted, the law of compensation in the form of the eric fine was the most common way of providing justice to the victims of crime.
		When we start to look at the Brehon laws and their complexity, we begin to realise just how advanced they were for their day.
	www.droitsweb.com /Druids/brehon2.html (2317 words)

	Mayo Theme 3 of Travels in Time
		Nevertheless, the surviving tracts of early Irish laws are very revealing of the society in which they operated - and show similarities in content and form to many of the ancient laws of Indo-European traditions, going back to the Vedic Laws of Manu in India.
		His kingship was understood in sexual terms, as he was the 'husband of the land', or of the fertility goddess who represented the prosperity of the land.
		The laws reveal severe restrictions on her rights: a crime against her is treated as a crime against her father or her husband; he is paid, not her, the compensation.
	www.travels-in-time.net /e/ireland03arteng.htm (1159 words)

	WowEssays.com - Brehon Laws
		Ireland’s Brehon Laws are unique in that they are some of the most liberal laws I have ever seen for that time period.
		The laws set down class distinction and made it quite clear that there were no rights to those that had been exiled from their family or tribe.
		An essay by Henry Maine on Ancient Laws states, “When a king decided a dispute by a sentence, the judgment was assumed to be the result of direct inspiration.” Customary Law, or an era of codes, was the period of ancient laws such as the Twelve Tables.
	www.wowessays.com /dbase/ae4/lmy37.shtml (1717 words)

	untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The laws, commonly called the “Brehon Laws”, are not available for viewing by anyone just yet, and few people have actually seen them in their entirety.
		The set or tract of laws that we know as the Brehon Laws are actually called the Fenechas, meaning “Law of the Freemen”, which is said to have been put together in 438 CE by Leghaire, King of Ireland and several Christian monks, including St. Patrick himself.
		The Laws also detailed provisions for sick maintenance in the way of costs and who was to pay for it.
	awengrove.bravehost.com /Brehon.html (3738 words)

	The Temple of Danann --The Library; Brehon Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Brehon Law and the Primary Law of the Temple of Danann
		The Laws of a culture are an in-depth reflection of its people, their mores and way of life.
		For the ancient Irish, the Law was the single most important factor in both public and private life in the land.
	www.danann.org /library/law/law.html (138 words)

	Brehon Law Society of Nassau County
		Inspired by the strongly humanitarian tradition embodied in the Brehon law, the members of the Brehon Law Society strive to use their talents to protect, to defend, and to extend human rights, principally - but not exclusively - in the north of Ireland.
		The members of the Brehon Law Society of Nassau County, N. are a talented and dedicated group.
		Membership in the Brehon Law Society of Nassau County, N.Y. gives you the opportunity to participate in human rights-related projects and to work on them in conjunction with highly skilled and principled colleagues.
	www.brehonlaw.org /index.htm (952 words)

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