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Topic: Brick kiln

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	Brick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brick is an artificial stone made by forming clay into rectangular blocks which are hardened, either by burning in a kiln or sometimes, in warm and sunny countries, by sun-drying.
		Bricks are usually laid flat and as a result the effective limit on the width of a brick is set by the distance which can conveniently be spanned between the thumb and fingers of one hand, normally about four inches (about 100 mm).
		The compressive strength of bricks produced in the USA ranges from about 1000 lbf/in² to 15,000 lbf/in² (7 to 105 megapascals), varying according to the use to which the bricks are to be put.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brick (1455 words)

	Kiln - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A kiln is required to come to a controlled temperature, often very high, and so the design of the ovens normally focuses on insulation, and the ability to add fuel over a course of time.
		Traditional anagama kilns are also built on a slope to allow for a better draft.A style of kiln known as Kazegama, "Wind kiln" in Japanese, was developed by Steve Davis of the USA in 1997 as an alternative to traditional wood firing practices such as those achieved in an Anagama.
		Electric kilns kilns operated by electricity were developed in the 20th century, primarily for smaller scale use such as in schools, universities, and hobby centers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kiln (1151 words)

	[No title]
		If a brick kiln owner does not get the kiln registered, the workers can apply to the labour department and the owner would be fined and the kiln would have to be registered.
		Muhammad Hussain, president of the (unregistered) Brick Kiln Union, speaking on the present situation of the brick kiln workers said that their conditions were worsening.
		The brick kiln workers borrow loans from their kiln owner for marriages of their daughter or sons, which they are not able to pay back throughout their lives, because the interest rate on the loan is so high that the actual loan remains payable while the installments paid only covers the interest.
	www.minesandcommunities.org /Company/brickworkers.htm (1042 words)

	Chapter 7 - Brick kilns
		The ability of the brick kiln to conserve the heat of carbonisation is an important factor in its high conversion efficiency of wood to charcoal.
		The designs of traditional brick kilns have been refined over many hundreds of years but there are other types of brick kiln in use which have been subject in recent years to systematic experiment to improve them.
		The fuelwood in the kiln is stacked in a vertical position to a height of 1.20 m (length of wood).
	www.fao.org /docrep/X5328E/x5328e08.htm (7812 words)

	The Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln
		Bricks and coal, a batch at a time, are loaded at the top of the shaft, the coal fines being sprinkled among the green bricks one layer at a time.
		Bricks are removed a batch at a time by raising an unloading trolley until it just takes the weight of all the bricks in the shaft.
		Brick wastage is very low when compared with the Hoffmann and Bull's Trench kiln, being 2 to 5% in China and 5 to 7% in Pakistan.
	sleekfreak.ath.cx:81 /3wdev/GATE_DL/BUILDING/VS.HTM (1975 words)

	The Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln : a technology for the masses
		The essential difference between this and the Chinese kiln was the absence of a ramp for transportation of green bricks to the loading platform.
		The structure of the kiln was made with solid blocks without a thick layer of insulation between the inner kiln wall and the outer supporting structure.
		The two pilot kilns were established on a commercial basis to optimize construction and operational practice of VSBK and to implement a large component of social action with the brick workers.
	www.devalt.org /newsletter/sep04/lead.htm (2866 words)

	The Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln
		Brick making in India is usually a clustered activity, with several brick units existing in a single cluster.
		In the geographical clusters where the project activities are being implemented, burnt clay bricks are manufactured using a technology with a lower thermal performance leading to a higher amount of coal combustion and hence significant CO emissions.
		Since the project activity sets up new brick making facilities, the energy use of the brick making facilities that would otherwise have been built and operated in absence of the VSBK plant is considered to represent the energy baseline.
	www.devalt.org /newsletter/feb06/of_1.htm (2424 words)

	Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln
		The kiln is not affected by variations in the weather as long as dry green bricks are available.
		The stack of bricks rest on square support bars (which can be removed or inserted) resting on a pair of horizontal beams across the arches in the unloading tunnel.
		The brick unloading is done from the bottom using a trolley which runs on rails along the length of the unloading tunnel.
	www.dainet.org /enterprise/vsbk.htm (705 words)

	Brick - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
		Modern excavations at Pithom in Egypt (Exodus 1:11) show that most of the bricks of which that store-city was built were made of mud and straw baked in the sun.
		Burnt bricks were rarely used in Egypt before the Roman period and in Palestine their use for building purposes was unknown.
		If burnt bricks had been generally used in Palestine, races of them would have been found with the pottery which is so abundant in the ruins (see POTTERY).
	www.studylight.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T1694 (893 words)

	HISTORY OF BRICK AND POT MAKING
		Documentary evidence for the use of brick in the Middle Ages is difficult to assess because of the ambiguity of the Latin terms used.
		The Sarney’s kiln was close to the church and was criticised by the churchwardens in 1681 for ‘the unsightly piles of bricks and durt’ close to the church door.
		After the firing chamber was loaded with between 12,000 and 18,000 bricks and the loading door sealed with fired bricks and wet loam, a wood fire was lit in three flues under the firing chamber floor with wood fuel being fed through the stoke holes.
	www.nettlebed.org.uk /Brick_History.htm (1597 words)

	Brickmaker at Colonial Williamsburg
		Bricks made on site at the brickyard have recently been used in building the Peyton Randolph smokehouse, dairy, and lumberhouse foundations, and the foundation and center chimney of the Randolph kitchen.
		Bricks are made from native Virginia clay during the warm months of the year.
		The bricks inside the kiln glow yellow, and flames travel from the fire tunnels up out the top of the oven and sometimes, the edges of the bricks facing into the fire tunnels receive a glaze.
	www.history.org /almanack/life/trades/tradebri.cfm (896 words)

	Cliffe Brick Kiln
		The unearthing of this brick by Michael Eddleston produced a goodly amount of comment regarding the place of its manufacture in The Great Harwood Appreciation Society so on Sunday, 30th Jan, 2005 me and Mike (or should that be Mike and I) went to have a look.
		Knowing very little about the making of bricks I await any expert opinion be it either to confirm or contradict what we were told.
		The walls seem to be of concrete where I'd expected some kind of fire brick but their thickness does suggest a need for insulation.
	www.great-harwood.org.uk /kiln/kiln.htm (503 words)

	Bull´sTrenchKiln
		In many countries, the brick industry is the largest single user of energy and also employs a large number of workers, due to the labour intensive manual brickmaking process.
		Both types of kiln are loaded with green bricks, which are heated up to the desired temperature and then cooled again before the bricks can be drawn from the kiln.
		The green bricks to be fired are set in rows, two to three bricks wide, with holes in between that allow feeding of coal and a sufficient flow of air through the setting (Figure 2).
	sleekfreak.ath.cx:81 /3wdev/GATE_DL/BUILDING/BK.HTM (1441 words)

	THE OLD BRICK KILN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A kiln was built, one arch at a time, which formed a tunnel for the heat.
		The heat from the fires was held in by placing scrap adobe brick without mortar around the kiln, then plastering it with a mixture of clay and red sand.
		The Old Brick Yard Kiln was fired with cedar wood for a short time, but only three houses were built with the cedar wood fired brick because a high enough temperature could not be maintained.
	www.plgrove.org /History/brickkiln.htm (272 words)

	Border Environment Research Reports - Number 2
		The brick industry is vital to the economies of Mexican border cities and regions elsewhere in the country as it provides the primary construction material for the walls of most Mexican buildings.
		The kiln is full-scale in height and one quarter-scale in width and depth.
		Brick kiln owners have been receptive to many of the suggestions made by researchers, which has resulted in better quality bricks, improved thermal efficiency of the kilns, and less pollution from the kilns.
	www.scerp.org /docs/berr2.html (3200 words)

	Kiln 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Kiln 14 is a "beehive" brick kiln that is no longer used to fire the clay pipe that The Logan Clay Products Company has been manufacturing since 1890.
		Kiln 3 was later modified in the same manner as Kiln 14.
		Sometime in the 1960's, when major kiln repairs were needed, Logan Clay began to convert kilns to the steel shell insulated firebrick kilns that are used at the present time.
	www.garden-accents.com /kiln14.htm (540 words)

	Brick Kiln Shiraz - News
		Brick Kiln shiraz is however a pure shiraz, and is made only from our own single vineyard premium grapes.
		The 2003 vintage of Brick Kiln Shiraz was launched at the Australian Boutique Winemakers show at the old Regent theatre on 96 Collins Street in Melbourne at the end of June 2004.
		The Brick Kiln 2003 vintage was released in early July.
	www.brickiln.com.au /News.htm (885 words)

	Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln
		The major stakeholders including brick entrepreneurs, policy makers and regional industry associations agree that the Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln Technology is a highly viable and appropriate solution for Indian conditions.
		In their opinion, the Vertical Shaft Brick Kilns are energy efficient with low emission levels and do not require high stacks unlike BTKs.
		Banks and financing institutions shy away from providing finance as there are no tangible fixed assets and the traditional brick business is susceptible to vagaries of weather VSBK requires almost 20 times lesser time and investment as compared to clamps and BTKs.
	www.devalt.org /newsletter/jun03/of_10.htm (520 words)

	Market throws brick at kiln owners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		However, brick kiln owners insist that the price hike is a result of the shortage of the bricks.
		The bricks, which were sold at rates of Rs 1300 - Rs 1600 per thousand, are being sold at the rate of Rs 2300 - Rs 2600 per thousand.
		The brick kiln owners, however, say they have shut down the kilns because it is not possible to manufacture kilns using flyash.
	cities.expressindia.com /fullstory.php?newsid=108654 (552 words)

	Unorganised, exploited
		Brick-making involves four stages of work, and in these kilns there is almost a regional division of labour.
		There has not been much of a demand for bricks from the government, which used to be one of their main clients, as government construction work has declined.
		The owner of the kiln, who is from Punjab, argues that the burning takes place under the kiln and the fumes escape through the furnace.
	www.frontlineonnet.com /fl2105/stories/20040312007512600.htm (1620 words)

	Masonry/brick kiln construction method.
		Together with the wood constructed building, masonry is probably the most economical and practical construction solution, especially for smaller kiln operations.
		It is important that no calcium or chloride is in the block or mortar, as this type of mortar is subject to deterioration in a kiln environment.
		Any kiln which is improperly sealed may not be able to maintain the correct temperature and relative humidity, which could result in excessive degrade.
	www.kiln-direct.com /build/bldkd02.html (550 words)

	Brick Kiln Bloodstock Tel 01986 798387 - Racehorse Boarding, Breeding, Syndication
		At Brick Kiln Farm we are happy to take your horse out of training and give them a period of time to get "racing out of their head", before seeing how they would take being re-educated and then re-homed on loan, with you still the owner.
		Therefore, you as an owner would never be in the position of hearing your ex-racehorse ended up in a slaughterhouse, sent abroad or sold on at sale after sale.
		Brick Kiln Bloodstock, Brick Kiln Farm, Halesworth Road, Heveningham, Suffolk IP19 0EJ
	www.suffolk-bloodstock.com /retired.html (257 words)

	Pakistan: Brick kiln workers chained in private jail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Also the brick kiln workers chained by the owner in his private jail at night time.
		It is further added for the information all of you that there are thousands brick kiln workers families those are under illegal confinement of the brick kiln industries employers.
		It is a brief history of the brick kiln workers in Pakistan.
	www.labournet.net /world/0406/apfutu4.html (571 words)

	Shriver Construction - United Brick & Tile New Kiln Building
		It also incorporated a first of its kind, state of the art robotic brick sorting and blending machine that totally revolutionizes the way brick is packaged for shipment.
		Since the kiln design along with the accompanying machinery was still largely in design stages when the building was ordered, a tremendous amount of flexibility within the building design was necessary to allow for potential changes as the kiln design was completed.
		Placement of interior columns was complicated by the placement of machinery as well as pits and rails upon which the kiln cars are moved throughout the plant.
	www.shriverconstruction.com /ubt.htm (656 words)

	Landmark 917 - Green Brae Brick Kiln - Marin County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Remillard Brick Company, of which the Green Brae Brick Kiln is the only surviving structure, was by 1900 the largest brickmaking firm on the Pacific coast.
		The kiln is one of the few remaining examples of the Hoffman type kiln in the U.S. and is an engineering landmark of statewide significance.
		The kiln supplied much of the brick required to rebuild San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake, and the Remillard Brick Company served as a chief supplier of bricks for the entire Pacific coast.
	www.donaldlaird.com /landmarks/counties/900-999/917.html (119 words)

	VSBK (Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln) — skat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		VSBK technology is used to produce high qualitative bricks in a more efficient and environmental-friendly manner.
		Two pilot kilns are already accomplished, in particular through the active initiative of private entrepreneurs.
		This was based on the need for cleaner brick production and a potential for overall improvement of the brick manufacturing sector.
	www.skat.ch /activities/prarticle.2005-09-20.1264594682/skatactivity.2005-11-24.5605239928 (545 words)

	Historic Christ Church-Archaeology: Phase II Survey of Brick Kiln Sites
		Building on the results of John Metz's Phase I survey in April 1999, as well as the Phase I survey of the Parsonage Lot undertaken in February 2002, the Foundation went forward with a Phase II survey of the brick kiln sites in October of 2002.
		The kilns were oriented northwest to southeast in the project area, with two located south and east (respectively) of the Carter Reception Center and one just west of Rt.
		Thane Harpole and Dave Brown are the Co-Directors of the Fairfield Foundation in Gloucester County, Virginia.
	www.christchurch1735.org /archaeology/phaseII_kilns.html (442 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Ludhiana Stories
		Having suspended the production and sale of bricks in the district from December 9, the workers claimed that they were out of work for the last three days and this would starve their families.
		While the protesters are alleging police inaction, the police had been claiming that they could not book anybody on the basis of allegations only and an inquiry was a must prior to registering such a case.
		The kiln and its adjoining land measuring 10 acres were owned by Mohinder Singh who sold it to one Karnail Singh in 1995.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2003/20031213/ldh1.htm (4469 words)

	China to help switch over to cleaner brick kiln technology -DAWN - National; 07 January, 2004
		In this connection a five-member Chinese technical delegation, on the invitation of the ministry of environment is currently visiting Pakistan from January 3 to 8, a press release issued by the ministry here on Tuesday said.
		The delegation, during their stay in Islamabad have held detailed meetings and discussions with the Chairman, Capital Development Authority; the Director General, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency; the Chairman, Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR); representatives of UNDP and president of brick kilns association.
		It may be mentioned that the current system of brick kilns is also based on Chinese technology.
	www.dawn.com /2004/01/07/nat20.htm (291 words)

	PAKISTAN: Brick-kiln workers protest bonded labour
		The rally went ahead after discussion with the police when it was made clear to them that the rally would take place in defiance of the ban.
		The workers are paid at piece rates for the number of bricks they produce.
		This amount is only paid to the male head of the family, but the whole family — men, women and children — will work in the factory.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2006/662/662p18b.htm (587 words)

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