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	Bricker Amendment
		The Bricker Amendment was a proposal to amend the United States Constitution in the 1950s to limit the federal government's treaty-making powers.
		Sponsored by Senator John W. Bricker, a conservative Ohio Republican, the amendment declared that no treaty could be made by the United States that conflicted with the U.S. Constitution, was self-executing without domestic legislation being passed by Congress, or which granted Congress legislative powers beyond that enumerated in the Constitution.
		Bricker reintroduced the measure every Congress until he was voted out of the Senate in 1958, after which it never again came up for a vote.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/b/br/bricker_amendment.html (1253 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bricker Amendment
		These amendments would have placed restrictions on the scope and ratification of treaties and executive agreements entered into by the United States and are named for Senator John W. Bricker of Ohio, a conservative Republican, their sponsor.
		Bricker's proposal attracted broad bipartisan support and was a focal point of intra-party conflict between the Eisenhower Administration and the Old Right faction of conservative Republican senators.
		Holland was cited as a justification of the Bricker Amendment.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bricker-Amendment (9593 words)

	Bricker Amendment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Bricker's proposal attracted broad bipartisan support and was a focal point of intra-party conflict between the administration of president Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Old Right faction of conservative Republican senators.
		Bricker was not trying to reverse the Yalta Agreement, in contrast to the goals of some of his conservative colleagues; he was worried most about what might be done by the United Nations or under an executive agreement.
		The Committee was joined in opposing the Amendment by the League of Women Voters, the American Association for the United Nations, and the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, one of the few bar associations to oppose the Amendment.
	www.1bx.com /en/Bricker_Amendment.htm (7779 words)

	Bricker Amendment Lives
		Bricker and his amendment are long gone, but the crusade against national sovereignty and the national independence it protects continues apace.
		Bricker introduced his measure in 1954, when the United Nations and the vast secretive diplomacy of the Roosevelt administration had already committed the United States to global involvements that most American citizens never even knew about, much less voted on.
		Bricker's amendment -- and the measure sponsored by Mrs.
	www.libertylobby.org /articles/1997/19970804bricker.html (565 words)

	John William Bricker
		Bricker attempted to enlist in the United States Army during World War I, but the military refused to accept him because of a low pulse rate.
		Bricker began to practice law in Columbus, Ohio, in 1920, but he also quickly pursued a political career.
		Bricker's most famous act while a senator was his sponsorship of the Bricker Amendment.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=50 (333 words)

	Bricker Amendment Information
		The Bricker Amendment is the name applied to a series of proposed amendments to the United States Constitution considered by the United States Senate in the 1950s which would have placed restrictions on the scope and ratification of treaties and executive agreements entered into by the United States.
		Bricker's proposal attracted broad bipartisan support across the ideological spectrum and was a focal point of intra-party conflict between the Eisenhower Administration and the Old Right faction of conservative Republican senators.
		Despite wide initial support, the Bricker Amendment was blocked through the intervention of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and failed in the Senate by a single vote in 1954.
	www.bookrags.com /Bricker_Amendment (7994 words)

	The Bricker Amendment
		I believe that it is time to resurrect the Bricker Amendment since the danger of the Constitution being undermined is greater and clearer now than it has ever been before.
		In early 1952, Bricker decided that the rights of the states and the people were sufficiently imperiled to warrant the otherwise extreme recourse of introducing a constitutional amendment to safeguard them.
		The Amendment's supporters hoped that these provisions would clear up the ambiguity in the Constitution over the exact implications of the claim in Article VI that "[t]his Constitution and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof and all treaties...
	members.cox.net /polincorr1/bricker.htm (2767 words)

	WebSearch - Bricker Amendment
		Bricker Amendment Bricker Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was introduced in...
		The Bricker amendment originally had 56 co-sponsors, but was defeated in a floor...
		The Bricker Amendment was a proposal to amend the United States Constitution in the 1950s...
	www.websearch.com /rl/te10_sr-1/Bricker-Amendment.html (364 words)

	Bricker Amendment
		In 1953, John Bricker, a United States senator from Ohio, introduced an amendment to the United States Constitution.
		Bricker was upset by the United States' involvement in the Korean War.
		The Bricker Amendment would have reduced the president's ability to negotiate agreements with foreign powers without congressional approval.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1398 (231 words)

	Bricker Amendment to Halt Usurpation of Constitution by Treaty
		The Bricker Amendment, proposed in 1953, was designed to protect our Constitution against the danger of being amended or even abrogated via the "treaty" route.
		In 1920, (Missouri vs. Holland), the Supreme Court decided that powers, reserved by Amendment 10 to the States or the people, could be transferred to the federal government by a treaty, in other words, a direct REVERSAL of the intent of the Tenth Amendment.
		I mentioned the "Bricker Amendment" which had been proposed in 1954 by Senator John Bricker as a means to positively stop the "backdoor" methods which were being used to corrupt and negate the U.S. Constitution.
	www.greaterthings.com /Constitution/Associates/Bricker_amendment.htm (1890 words)

	"....." by Nathan Tabor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1946 Bricker was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he served alongside another staunch Ohio conservative, Sen. Robert Taft, the son of former President William Howard Taft.
		On January 7, 1953, he introduced the Bricker Amendment, which became the focus of a fight to the political death between Eisenhower and Sen. Taft, the new Majority Leader.
		The Bricker Amendment temporarily stalled in committee without coming before the Senate for a vote, and Taft died that summer in New York City.
	www.chronwatch.com /content/contentDisplay.asp?aid=14667&mode=print (733 words)

	Bricker Amendment
		In 1952 Senator John Bricker from Ohio realized the threat resulting from Article VI, Section 2, and attempted to remedy the problem by means of a constitutional amendment.
		The Bricker Amendment, as it came to be called, provided an amendment to the treaty making powers by preventing "any treaty or executive agreement from undermining the fundamental rights of the American people or from sacrificing essential attributes of sovereignty." Specifically:
		The Bricker amendment originally had 56 co-sponsors, but was defeated in a floor vote 42-50 with 4 not voting.
	www.stewards.us /libertymatters/wint97-98/lmj-wint97-98-3.htm (1211 words)

	The Beast on the East River
		It was the battle over the proposed "Bricker Amendment" to the United States Constitution.
		Bricker's proposal, eventually failing by one vote in the senate, was revised several times.
		Regrettably, the Bricker Amendment's failure left in doubt the questionable nexus between the UN treaty and the American Constitution.
	www.aina.org /news/20061027101758.htm (414 words)

	The Bricker Amendment
		Mobilizing to support Bricker, conservatives built a grand coalition which included all the major veterans groups, the Kiwanis Clubs, the American Association of Small Business, many women's groups, as well as the conservative activist organizations of the time, such as the Freedom Clubs and the Committee for Constitutional Government.
		Although the Bricker Amendment started out with fifty-six co- sponsors, it eventually went down to defeat in the U.S. Senate, 42-50, with 4 not voting.
		This will be the history of the Bricker Amendment as it has been the history of all other great issues and causes.
	www.antiwar.com /essays/bricker.html (861 words)

	The Twilight of Conservatism by Christopher Manion
		In 1953 Ike appointed him to chair a commission designed to restore to the states the powers that had been usurped during the FDR years (a talkative but unhelpful junior member was Hubert Horatio Humphrey, a freshman senator from Minnesota).
		But Ike soon soured on his conservative champion because Dean Manion had become an advocate of the Bricker Amendment, a Constitutional measure designed to prevent the now-familiar disintegration of American sovereignty under the attack of international organizations and treaties.
		He fired dad in early 1954, the Bricker Amendment failed, and the first "Republican" administration in twenty years closed the door on conservatism.
	www.lewrockwell.com /manion/manion50.html (701 words)

	The New American - Which Law Is Supreme? - April 3, 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		First introduced in 1952, the Bricker Amendment was designed to limit treaty law, and would have reinforced constitutional protections.
		Although the Bricker Amendment seemed a shoo-in, the vigorous opposition of Dwight Eisenhower eventually beat back the measure in 1954, and a subsequent weaker amendment failed two-thirds passage in the Senate by a solitary vote.
		The original Bricker language declared that "a provision of a treaty or other international agreement which conflicts with this Constitution shall not be of any force or effect." There can be little doubt that Eisenhower wanted to maintain, however wrongful the interpretation, the power to cut across the Bill of Rights.
	www.thenewamerican.com /tna/1995/vo11no07/vo11no07_treaties.htm (749 words)

	dating Bricker_Amendment - dating-report.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		President Harry S. Truman was adamantly opposed to limitations on executive power and ordered every executive branch agency to report on how the Bricker Amendment would affect its work and to offer this information to the Judiciary Committee.
		No one could vote against the Bricker Amendment with impunity and very few could vote against it and survive at all.
		The George Substitute was introduced on January 27, 1954, and especially infuriated Bricker since George also wanted limits on treaties.
	www.dating-report.com /Bricker_Amendment (3048 words)

	Presidential Papers, Doc#684 To William Fife Knowland, 25 January 1954. In The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower
		Adoption of the Bricker Amendment in its present form by the Senate would be notice to our friends as well as our enemies abroad that our country intends to withdraw from its leadership in world affairs.
		This letter, hand delivered to Senator Knowland, put Senator Bricker and his supporters on notice that the Administration would take a stand against his proposed constitutional amendment.
		It was in direct reply to Bricker's recent public attacks on Eisenhower--attacks that angered him, and led him to vow total opposition to the measure as written (see New York Times, Jan. 14, 23, 1954; Tananbaum, Bricker Amendment Controversy, pp.
	www.eisenhowermemorial.org /presidential-papers/first-term/documents/684.cfm (606 words)

	Bricker Amendment . Missouri v. Holland . California . Vice President of the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Bricker Amendment was a proposal to amend the United States Constitution in the 1950s to limit the federal government s treaty-making powers.
		Sponsored by Senator John Bricker John W. Bricker, a conservative Ohio United States Republican Party Republican, the amendment declared that no treaty could be made by the United States that conflicted with the U.S. Richard O. Davies.
		The Bricker Amendment Controversy: A Test of Dwight Eisenhower Eisenhower s Political Leadership.
	www.uk.fraquisanto.net /Bricker_Amendment (398 words)

	Presidential Papers, Doc#671 Personal and confidential To Erwin Nathaniel Griswold, 18 January 1954. In The Papers of ...
		Davis and Professor Corwin in connection with the Bricker Amendment.
		On January 12 Davis had sent the President a three-page attack on the Bricker amendment and the proposed substitutes (AWF/D: Bricker Amendment).
		Griswold had written that although he appreciated the "function of compromise in politics," he was "inclined to believe that a compromise on this matter is neither possible nor wise" (Jan. 9, AWF/D: Bricker Amendment).
	www.eisenhowermemorial.org /presidential%2Dpapers/first%2Dterm/documents/671.cfm (624 words)

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