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	Encyclopedia: Bride price
		Bride price also known as bride wealth or a dower is an amount of money or property paid to the parents of a woman for the right to marry their daughter.
		The tradition of giving bride price is still practiced in many Asian countries although the amount changing hands is more a token amount to continue the traditional ritual then an actual price-tag attached to the bride-to-be for marriage.
		The practice of bride price also existed in India, where it was considered as a social evil and the subject of a movement to eradicate it in the early 20th Century.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bride-price (929 words)

	Dan Phung
		Unlike a bride price, however, dowry is a payment to the bride from her family, not from the groom or his family.
		Because a new bride spent much of her time "in the company" of other women in her new household, the dowry acts as a mechanism to prevent her in-laws to demand of her labor or treat her as a subordinate.
		For instance, if a bride price is so small that the bride or her family has no difficulties in returning the payment, bride price does not reduce the frequency of divorce.
	eclectic.ss.uci.edu /~drwhite/Anthro174/dan/Image.html (2014 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Bride price: an insult to women, a burden to men?
		Bride price or engagement rings are old traditional symbols that long served their purpose and should now be stopped.
		Bride price is the official rubber stamp of marriage.
		Bride price or "wine carrying" as it is known in my part of Africa cannot be considered a burden to men or an insult to women.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/3604892.stm (1947 words)

	Send to a Friend - IPS Inter Press Service
		Bride price is one of the most widespread and entrenched cultural institutions in Africa.
		Many conference participants argued that the bride price has outlived its original purpose, which was to be a token of appreciation that cemented the bond between two families.
		Said Matembe, ”Legislating against bride price will not be a solution to discrimination.” ”The solution to all these cultural practices that undermine the status of women is in the promotion of their status through education and economic empowerment.” The three-day conference on the bride price ends Wednesday, Feb. 18.
	www.ipsnews.net /sendnews.asp?idnews=22462 (976 words)

	Sex and Marriage: Marriage Rules (Part 2)
		Hundreds of these brides die each year in what are euphemistically referred to as "kitchen accidents." In fact, some are killed by the husband, mother-in-law, or other members of his family who view the failure to pay the agreed upon dowry as being a breech of contract and the ruining of his life.
		Bride price is most common among polygynous, small-scale, patrilineal societies--especially in sub-Saharan Africa and among Native Americans.
		When European missionaries first encountered bride price, they misinterpreted it as being nothing more than a demeaning "bride purchase." It actually is a way of showing respect for the bride and her parents.
	anthro.palomar.edu /marriage/marriage_4.htm (1474 words)

	Info and facts on 'Bride price' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The tradition of giving bride price is still practiced in many Asian countries (additional info and facts about Asian countries) although the amount changing hands is more a token amount to continue the traditional ritual (Any customary observance or practice) then an actual price-tag attached to the bride-to-be for marriage.
		The groom and a matchmaker (Someone who arranges (or tries to arrange) marriages for others) will visit the bride's family bearing gifts like wedding cakes, sweetmeats and jewelry as well as the bride price.
		The practice of bride price also existed in India (A republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947), where it was considered as a social evil and the subject of a movement to eradicate it in the early 20th Century.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/br/bride_price.htm (376 words)

	Bride Message Jewish Wedding
		Price is the established value of the bride.
		When the bride is taken in the middle of the night, there is a voice of joy.
		Bride is taken to the bridle chamber to consummate the marriage.
	hometown.aol.com /Jrrowan/BrideMessage.html (1453 words)

	Turkish Village - Chapter 9 - by Paul Stirling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Bride price is directly related to the value of the trousseau and the scale of the festivities.
		In fact, the scale of bride price and the scale of the wedding vary with the social rank of the parties and with the social distance between them.
		Between brothers, bride price is very much less, and a wedding between father's brother's children is always a small-scale affair, with little or no publicity.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /Tvillage/Pages/Page_187.html (430 words)

	Hmong Marriage Customs
		Any children born by the couple before payment is completed are considered to belong to the bride's father's clan and may remain with this party unless an alternative agreement is reached in which the groom works for his bride's father for several years in place of a bride price.
		The figure paid as a bride price is a subject of strenuous negotiation and may vary depending upon regional differences, the economic means of the families involved and the personal characteristics of the bride.
		It is rare for a boy's father to lose face by refusing to pay the bride price, which may be delayed with the agreement of the two parties, mandating that his son work for his wife's father.
	www.hmongcenter.org /hmonmarcus.html (1397 words)

	Critique on the Bride Price in Hmong Society
		In deduction from these expressions, the bride price’s reveals to be a compensation of the bride’s breeding until her marriage.
		In addition, the price bride has another function that parents and relatives used to propose as the mean point of the payment of the bride: it is to protect the daughter.
		In more sophisticated interpretation, the bride price is a promise, a symbolic gift to soften the social communication, interaction or exchange where one (bride’s clan) has given more so that one (the groom’s clan) has to compensate for a transaction in waiting to be able to pay in return, in differed time, another sister.
	www.geocities.com /kaoly_y/archives/CritiqueBridePrice0605.html (1650 words)

	New Vision Online : YOUR PLATFORM: The Domestic Relations Bill Is Right On Bride Price
		Bride price was a symbol of recognition and appreciation; and it consolidated the relationship between the two families.
		Bride price is a basis for widow inheritance.
		Bride price may also extend beyond the woman for whom it was paid to cover her female relatives.
	www.newvision.co.ug /D/9/39/325282 (1060 words)

	Indian Marriage Customs - Stridhan - ShaadiTimes
		As male dominated as the society may be, the existence of the custom of 'bride price' indicates that women understood the importance of financial independence and safeguarding their interests long before the feminist movement made it popular to do so.
		Also a part of the bride price is held back as a sort of security for paying off the debts to befall on the next generation.
		The bride's sisters are entitled to Naupuak Puan, which is to be paid to them for having taken care of the bride in her childhood.
	www.shaadi.com /wedding/rituals/customs/030601-stridhana.php (1133 words)

	Bride Price
		In Africa, it is still practised extensively and known as "lobola" in the southern parts of the continent, "mahari" in east Africa or "wine-carrying" among tribes in west Africa.
		Bride price or dowry was revered as a symbol of sincerity and good faith that brought together the bride's and groom's families.
		But in some cases it is derided as a means to enrich a bride's family or a licence for a man to treat a woman as a "purchased" good.
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /touma/africa/bride_price.htm (670 words)

	Bride Price - Giving women a voice in community justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In a typical African setting, bride price consists of a contract where material items (for example, cows, goats, sheep) or money are paid by the groom to the bride’s father in exchange for the bride, her labour, and reproductive capacity.
		The institution of bride price in Africa has far-reaching health, economic, social, human rights and legal implications in the countries where it is practiced.
		The project seeks to reduce bride price through interventions which will empower rural women in Uganda to be able to resist this degrading and dehumanizing practice.
	www.mifumi.org /archives/bride_price.htm (727 words)

	WIN News: Uganda: The Facts About The Tradition Of Bride Price - Brief Article
		Because they know that if they divorce, bride price should be repaid, they decide to stay in impossible relationships to the detriment of their physical and mental health.
		Bride price should be maintained but reduced to maximum of 2 cows, 1 bull or the equivalent.
		Whatever the reason for paying bride price is, it does not make for the equality between a man and woman but it causes imbalances in the relationship between man and woman because the woman feels she has been bought.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2872/is_1_26/ai_62793787 (885 words)

	Papua New Guinea Forum - Tubusereia Village - Bride Price 2002
		The bride's family members are also compensated for the cost of preparing the food for the bride price.
		BRIDE price, from my point of view, is the exchange of goods and shell money for a bride.
		Of course, the bride price was paid for, and the amount of it was K37,000, with two pigs and other raw materials.
	www.pngbd.com /forum/t2146s.html (1081 words)

	Bride Price and Violence by Benhiilda Chanetsa
		In Zimbabwe, the practice of bride price (lobola) is steeped in tradition.
		Then, there are the major payments to the bride's father signifying the transfer of a woman's reproductive capacity from her natal family to that of the man she marries.
		Father Joseph Dandiro of the Roman Catholic Church, the biggest Christian denomination in the country, is of the view that "excessive lobola payments" put pressure on the woman to "perform beyond expectations" and lead to needless harassment by her new family.
	www.boloji.com /wfs3/wfs363.htm (1048 words)

	Jewish Wedding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The bride-to-be has not yet even been asked, but after the bride price was paid, the local community considered the man and woman as though husband and wife already.
		The bride price was returned and the offending partner was subject to death by stoning, depending on the will of the father of the offender.
		A divorce notice was written and her family was put to public shame and the bride price was returned to the groom.
	home.flash.net /~leewils/covenant/docs/mar_steps.htm (894 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Dowries blamed for Ugandan wife beatings
		Mifumi director Atuki Turner said the groom was able to "treat or mistreat" his wife as he wanted because the bride price was a contract between him and his wife's father.
		Bride price is defended as a traditional practice in Uganda.
		"Bride price is gesture of appreciation that I have taken your daughter," said one man, Paul Kabile.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/3562305.stm (632 words)

	Regional News of Wednesday, 11 May 2005
		He said the high bride price had also brought about immorality among some women as they were compelled to bring forth children without traditional marriage due to high bride price.
		Under the customs and traditions of the area half of the cows are given to the parents of the bride while the other half is give to the maternal uncles of the bride before a man can marry her.
		Figela said the high bride price had also rendered some of the young ladies unattractive as potential suitors fear to get near them because of the numerous cows demand as bride price.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=81240 (469 words)

	Bride Wealth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The bride price or bride wealth system constitutes assumes an important role in the distribution of family property and the arrangement of exchanges and alliances among families in many socieities.
		Among the Igbo, the bride price is more narrowly thought of as a payment to acquire rights in the children of the marriage and must be returned if a woman is barren or leaves the marriage before producing children.
		The general anthropological interpretation is that the actual funds transferred are less significant as economic inducements or assets than as counters in a social exchange system that binds the bride's and groom's families together in the course of the marriage.
	www.umanitoba.ca /anthropology/tutor/marriage/bride_wealth.html (1183 words)

	Turkey Marriage - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, ...
		Representatives of the bride and groom negotiate the contract, which stipulates such terms as the size and nature of the bride-price paid by the family of the groom to the family of the bride and whatever conditions of conjugal life are mutually agreeable.
		Within the extended family, a new bride tends to be under the critical surveillance of her husband's relatives, especially his mother.
		Whether the new couple lives in a separate household--this often is a requirement of the bride-price--or resides temporarily in the home of the groom's parents, the bride is isolated from her own family and friends and is expected to learn from her mother-in-law how to care for her husband.
	www.photius.com /countries/turkey/society/turkey_society_marriage.html (1449 words)

	Bridegroom of Believers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The most common tradition was for the bridegroom's father to choose the bride, either himself or by sending a friend or a trusted servant to come to terms with the parents of the prospective bride and make all the arrangements.
		The Ketubah stated his intentions toward the bride, his promises to her father concerning her, his ability to care for and keep her, and the price he was willing to pay for the honor of her hand in marriage.
		Only AFTER the father of the bride was satisfied with the covenant and bride price, was the young man allowed to present himself to her.
	www.psalmsinger.org /study17.htm (2661 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the bride's father gets a bride-price of three rupees, the bridegroom's father keeps two cowries; if the bride-price becomes five rupees, he keeps three cowries, and if they give seven rupees as bride-price, he keeps seven cowries.
		When it is five rupees, they get one cow and one brass-cup and for the bridegroom a cotton shawl and a loin-cloth, and the village people on the bridegroom's side get a castrated goat, one earthenware pot of beer and five half-seers of rice, together with salt and turmeric.
		And if the bride's people receive seven rupees as bride-price, they will have to give a cow with calf, one brass-cup and one brass-plate and for the bridegroom a cotton-shawl and a loincloth; and the bridegroom's people get as "bride-price recompense" a castrated goat, one post of beer, and seven half-seers of rice.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Mar_dir/XMarriage.1616 (579 words)

	Dahej - Dowry And Bride-Price
		This is the same as saying that dowry and bride price came into being after the practice of monogamous marriage had become prevalent.
		While in polygamy there is pairing between one male and But the existence of the diametrically opposite practices of dowry and bride price, possibly owe their origin to polygamy and polyandry.
		Thus among the lower castes, the coming of a bride into the family meant an increase in the number of members who could work alongwith other members and become a source of income for the family.
	www.sawf.org /newedit/edit02212000/issues.asp (1204 words)

	[No title]
		The most important part of the contract was the bride price, the price that the young man was willing to pay to marry the young woman.
		Since bridegrooms typically came for their brides in the middle of the night, to "steal them away", the bride would have to have her lamp and her belongings ready at all times.
		As the bridegroom approached the bride's home, he would shout and blow the shofar (ram's horn trumpet) so that she had some warning to gather her belongings to take into the wedding chamber.
	www.iclnet.org /pub/resources/text/rtg/rtg-rts/rtgrts02.txt (2506 words)

	FutureHmong Magazine - Bride Wealth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For some people who haven’t a clue to what the bride wealth is these days, believe it or not, Hmong women with a bachelor’s or a master’s degree in a certain career will have an expectation by their parents for a bride wealth of $10,000 to $15,000 or even more today.
		If the groom really loves the bride and is vowed to carry out the rest of his life with her, he and his family will have enough respect for her family and relatives by giving a little for a lot in return.
		In a clash of our heritage and our brides today, we are all individuals that are learning somewhat of who we all are in the process.
	www.futurehmong.com /news/bride_wealth.asp (1176 words)

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