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Topic: Brideprice

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	Friedl abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The brideprice was explained in these terms: it was said to be a compensation for a father's expenses in raising a daughter for another family's ultimate benefit.
		However, rarely did a father actually use the brideprice as a compensation; rather, he was compelled by local custom to spend it to furnish a hopechest (or bridewealth) for his daughter, which would make it possible for her to discharge her wifely duties.
		The brideprice was seen as an expression of ownership; with it, wives and their labor and products were "bought" (this term is used locally) and thus the survival of each and every family was secured.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~mescha/famabstracts/friedl.html (6521 words)

	Gusii society - Traditional Music & Cultures of Kenya
		The practice is also a means to avoiding to be 'inherited' by a brother of her deceased husband, although women may still use the 'right' to marry a brother of her deceased husband in the hope of producing a son and keeping her property intact.
		Brideprice was always relatively high among the Gusii, as indeed it was for many other agricultural Bantu-speakers (somewhat ironically, seeing as they had much less livestock to exchange than the cattle-herding Maasai, for example, who had and still have very low brideprice).
		Both male and female children were considered valuable, males because they had a permanent stake in the continuity of the family and the clan, and females because their future marriages brought cattle to enrich the family.
	www.bluegecko.org /kenya/tribes/gusii/society.htm (3457 words)

	Microeconomics in Practice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Brideprice payment is also a custom in China, particularly in rural provinces, but one that is complicated by demographic pressures.
		The increase in the brideprice resulting from this shortage is expected to deter some Chinese men from marrying although their demand for brides is thought to be very inelastic.
		As for supply responses, brideprice differentials within China are leading to some internal migration of women from poor rural areas with low brideprices to rich coastal areas with higher ones and one would expect to see more migration of men in the opposite direction than would otherwise occur.
	www.wwnorton.com /mip/ime/varian/01a.htm (575 words)

	Women and change, exchanges with women in Kach Mulazai (Qila Saifullah District)
		Like everything else in the society, the amount to be paid in brideprice has risen steadily in recent years.
		The female group motivator, for instance, said that her brideprice was Rs.
		At the same time, however, both mothers and fathers seem to believe that the man with the most money will be able to offer their daughter the best life.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/x0196e/x0196e01.htm (3405 words)

	Nigerian Movies on Naijarules.com - Should families reconsider asking husbands to pay brideprice?
		Brideprice is the money potential husbands pay to inorder for the wife's family to allow them to marry their daughter.
		However, I witnessed a lot of husbands beating their wives when I was in Africa and whenever neighbours try to stop them, they normally reply "didn't I pay her brideprice in full, so she belongs to me".
		It's definitely wrong to use brideprice as an excuse to beat up your wife but since people are now using that excuse, I believe the issue of asking for brideprice must be reconsidered.
	www.naijarules.com /vb/showthread.php?t=8385 (1499 words)

	Of Courtship, Contests, and Cattle
		The dowry usually remains in her own control, but because it is used to the common good of her new hearth, and because it reflects on both her and her new husbands' status, it is fiercely negotiated.
		Brideprice may be paid to the wife's clan in any number of ways, including cattle, goods, and military or political favors.
		The brideprice paid by Braggi and his bloodline will remain with Kandreya's kin as compensation for losing her, while Kandreya's dowry will be her security in her new life on Braggi's tula.
	www.glorantha.com /new/courtship.html (4354 words)

	Africa - Matrimoni tradizionale - English
		Though at first it may be fixed at so many goats or cows, the parents of the girl always had (and still have) a right to demand a gift from the family of the boy at any time during their lifetime.
		From this, two reasons for brideprice emerge: 1) It is a way of assuring that the girl is properly treated; in case of mistreatment, she can always return home and be accepted by her parents and other relatives.
		The main reason for this is the scarcity or lack of grazing land due to the rise in population and the use of land for cash crops.
	lists.peacelink.it /africa/msg00518.html (1481 words)

	Re: Payment Of Brideprice Must Stop! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		I've always abhorred the payment of brideprice 'cos I feel they degrade and reduce our fine ladies to objects to be bartered based on value.
		The sanctity of marriage 've been defiled by this abhorrent practice that's over-commercialized to maximize 'profit' for the bride's family.
		Consequently, men who paid brideprices tend to view women nothing more than their objects of possession.
	users3.cgiforme.com /jukkumbe/messages/505.html (530 words)

	North Africa
		The information available on brideprice in North Africa is somewhat limited, it appears that it is not universally given, nor does it always belong to the same person once it has been given.
		The brideprice, however, belonged to the wife, and she kept it even in the case of divorce.
		Libyan tradition calls for a brideprice that is given all at once at the agreement to marry, rather than one part being given at the agreement, one part at the marriage itself, as is common elsewhere.
	www.law.emory.edu /IFL/region/northafrica.html (3680 words)

	Publications \| Policy Research Division Working Paper No. 136 \| Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood in South Africa
		Education is also strongly associated with the valuation of brideprice: girls who are better educated bring a higher price, which may encourage parents to support their daughters’ schooling, and perhaps also their return to school following early pregnancy and childbirth.
		Because the baby is usually born premaritally and subsequent marriage between mother and father is uncommon, the support and maintenance of the child are subject to paternal recognition and commitment.
		The presence of a baby also generally means a lower brideprice for a future marriage; first-born children are sometimes kept secret from prospective grooms to maintain higher brideprice.
	www.popcouncil.org /publications/wp/prd/136.html (274 words)

	Flak Magazine: The Schiavo In-Laws, 06.17.05
		Of course, the brideprice gets a bad rap because of its inherently sexist and dehumanizing nature, equating women to some piece of property to be traded, like a mere professional athlete.
		If nothing else, a brideprice is seen as an anachronism, something only done by primitive peoples, like the dollar dance with the bride.
		So in the absence of the brideprice, perhaps what a married couple seeking clarity should do is sign a pre-nuptial agreement — with the in-laws.
	www.flakmag.com /opinion/inlaws.html (700 words)

	Anthropological Notes on the Mambila
		An exchange wife is regarded as absolute property, whereas a wife obtained by brideprice is regarded as merely lent by her family group.
		The brideprice is only refunded if she has not borne a child to her husband.
		For the father is entitled to the first game killed by his son and he is entitled to brideprice of a daughter on her first marriage (by purchase system).
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /dz/Archive/meeks.html (5475 words)

	Davison Karambakuwa v
		Following the breakup, woman sued for maintenance for the children in her custody and for ehrself.
		Man argued that in the absence of brideprice, there was no marriage under customary law.
		Court ruled that brideprice no longer an essential of marriage under customary law.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/hgarrett/documents/karambak.html (268 words)

	Women's Weaving Centre of East Timor >>
		Brideprice does not mean that we sell our women, like we sell goods and materials.
		Brideprice intrinsically validates our worth as women, our identity as woman, as citizens of both Lautém and of Timor Lorosa'e itself.
		I was not properly valued in my culture because I got married during the Javanese regime without a Brideprice.
	www.alolafoundation.org /wws/Adelina.htm (1522 words)

	WP#68: The Macroeconomics of Polygyny
		Countries where polygyny (one man married to several wives) is allowed differ from monogamous countries in several demographic characteristics: Women marry extremely early, the age gap between husbands and wives is large, fertility is high, and typically a brideprice is paid at marriage.
		In monogamous countries, on the other hand, parents traditionally give a dowry (negative brideprice) to their daughters at marriage.
		The reason is that polygyny leads to high brideprices which makes buying wives and selling daughters a good investment strategy that crowds out investment in physical assets.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /cid/bread/abstracts/068.htm (257 words)

	February 2000 Meeting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		marriage is arranged during a series of formalized meetings in which the boy's father presents traditional brideprice offerings to the girl's father, including gold jewelry and clothing for the girl, and chocolate, rum, and soft drinks for her parents.
		Brideservice, the practice by which the groom works for a period of time for the bride's father, is in decline, partly due to the fact that many of the young men leave the village to work in Cancun during the week.
		As it is customary to honor the girl's family, the general form of the ceremony (Protestant or Catholic version) and composition of brideprice is dictated by the religious affiliation of the bride and her family.
	www.netaxs.com /people/upmus/talk0200.htm (681 words)

	KINSHIP, NETWORKS, HISTORY AND EXCHANGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Brideprice designates material capital flowing from the groom and/or his family to the bride's family.
		Contrary to existing models on marriage prestations which assume hypergyny and postulate brideprice in lower ranks and dowry in higher ranks, it is shown here that both dowry and brideprice can obtain in the higher ranks which are largely isogamous.
		Finally it is suggested that the combination of dowry and brideprice consolidates economic status and maximizes the number of progeny.
	eclectic.ss.uci.edu /knhe/knhe1-2.htm (4350 words)

	MSN Encarta - Marriage
		In India and China, where it is expected that every woman will marry, families have sometimes tried to limit the number of daughters born to them through infanticide (the killing of infants).
		In some societies, the groom’s family gives property (known as bridewealth or brideprice) not to the new couple but to the bride’s relatives.
		Particularly in places where bridewealth payments are high, the practice tends to maintain the authority of fathers over sons.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574825/Marriage.html (1762 words)

	Female Circumcision: Rite of Passage Or Violation of Rights?
		In some communities, the prospective husband's family pays a brideprice to the family of the bride, giving his family the right to her labor and her children; she herself has no right to or control over either.
		A girl's virginity may be considered essential to her family's ability to arrange her marriage and receive a brideprice, as well as to family honor.
		In this context, parents see both infibulation and early marriage as means of ensuring that their daughter remains "pure" and thus worthy of the brideprice.
	www.agi-usa.org /pubs/journals/2313097.html (3870 words)

	CDDRL Publication - Polygyny, Fertility, and Savings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		are also characterized by large age gaps between husbands and wives, high fertility, and the payment of a brideprice at marriage.
		In monogamous countries, on the other hand, the bride's parents traditionally give a dowry (negative brideprice) at marriage.
		The reason is that when polygyny is allowed, high brideprices are needed to ration women.
	cddrl.stanford.edu /publications/20810 (208 words)

	Sedes Draconis: Takental
		In general the higher status of the bride's sept, the higher the brideprice demanded.
		Cadet septs, and cadet males, are expected to carry out the policies of the clan patriarch, but cadet septs expect to be treated as junior, not as subservient.
		This is uncommon, but not unheard of, since both of two conditions must be met, first the clan must grow large enough, involving paying many brideprices, and then the patriarch must relinquish control over some of the septs, turning supporters into less tightly bound allies.
	www.sedesdraconis.com /index.cgi?Takental (1311 words)

	Goody1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Mayne refers to asura as 'marriage by purchase'; it is difficult to reconstruct the institutions that existed alongside the laws of Manu, but clearly part of the transaction went to the bride herself (1892: 80 ff.) and so was more nearly akin to dowry.
		For they tend to lead to a neglect of the differences within those payments described as bridewealth (or indeed dowry, though here the problem is somewhat different), and consequently to a neglect of the relationship of these differences to the rest of the social system, in particular the economy.
		In addition, there are important distinctions to be made in terms of the size of the payments, their material content, the personnel involved in the giving and receiving and the use made of the objects received.
	orion.oac.uci.edu /~dbell/html/body_goody1.html (12344 words)

	Bride/price at Mixed Blood Theatre in Minneapolis
		In this performance art theatrical piece, Bride/price follows three identifiable women - Amina, Sunny, and Tina -- as they give voice to their experiences in marriage and courtship rituals.
		Inspired by the story of Amina Lawal, the Nigerian female sentenced to death by stoning for committing adultery and having a baby out of wedlock, the playwrights wanted to address the "imbalances that exist surrounding the way women’s experiences are colored in the context of marriage and courtship.
		She recently adapted the Newberry Award-winning children’s novel A Single Shard for the stage and is working on her first solo play, Coersion through a Many Voices Residency at the Playwright Center.
	www.rlnn.com /ArtNov04/BridePrice.html (1608 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		We extend Caldwell et al.'s (1983) argument by hypothesizing that brideprice has continued to be practiced in China because of a surplus of men through this century.
		Our findings are consistent with Caldwell et al.'s (1983) hypothesis that there has been a shiftover from brideprice to dowry in India because of a shift to a surplus of women.
		We extend this argument to hypothesize that brideprice continues to be practised in China because of the continuing shortage of women.
	www-wds.worldbank.org /servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1999/09/14/000094946_99072206440684/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt (13566 words)

	Jerome Foundation Supports New Theater and Dance Works in Minnesota (1/6/04)
		Jerome dollars will be directed toward the emerging artists who are participating in the "Bill of (W)Rights" Project, the development of a new play by Zaraawar Mistry, further work on a new piece by Victor Zupanc, and other projects.
		The experimental theater ensemble MaMa mOsAiC received $9,000 from Jerome to support the development of "BRIDEPRICE.:" The mission of this theater collective is to evoke positive social change through female-centered theater that is empowering and entertaining.
		"BRIDEPRICE" is being developed by the core members of MaMa mOsAiC in dialogue with collaborating artists and members of the broader community.
	www.mcf.org /mcf/whatsnew/archives/Jan2004/jerome040106.htm (718 words)

	Hitchhiking Vietnam: Destinations
		He had to purchase her, in the form of a brideprice, from her former owner, her father.
		The payment was substantial, since the father had taken great pains to raise his daughter well only to lose her labor and childbearing capacities to another clan.
		The brideprice calculations were based on the cost of the groom's mother, with upward adjustments made if the young lady came with one or more children.
	www.pbs.org /hitchhikingvietnam/places/taf_e3.html (608 words)

	Mamando v Goiya [1992] PGNC 13 (1st June, 1992)
		It is submitted that the brideprice not repaid should be offset against any amount adjudged for the damages.
		Whilst there has been some evidence of brideprice given there has been insufficient evidence as to what actually was decided when the marriage was dissolved and what was the custom relating to fault and consequential off-setting of brideprice against the fault.
		It is clear from the background to this claim that there was a history of assaults by the husband so that in itself would lessen any obligation to repay brideprice quite apart from any specific assessment for any particular injury occasioned during any assault.
	www.worldlii.org /pg/cases/PGNC/1992/13.html (557 words)

	Bepi v Aiya Simon [1986] PNGLR 233 (14th November, 1986)
		(4) that the claim for repayment of brideprice could not succeed: on a claim for repayment of a customary payment the claimant must prove his claim by producing evidence of the relevant custom and no such evidence had been produced.
		When this situation persisted for about one and a half years, she rightly considered that the marriage was finished and with the consent of her relatives remarried and became pregnant.
		A complainant who claims he is entitled by custom to a repayment of a customary payment such as brideprice must prove his claim as a matter of fact by evidence.
	www.paclii.org /pg/cases/PNGLR/1986/233.html (3458 words)

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