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Topic: Bridge (stringed instrument)

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	Chicago Symphony Orchestra - Stringed instruments
		On any stringed instrument, tuning a string is a matter of tightening or loosening the string, and playing different notes is a matter of playing on strings of different length or of altering the length of the strings with one's fingers (by “stopping” the strings against a fingerboard) while playing.
		The principal kinds of modern stringed instruments are the members of the violin family (violin, viola, cello, double bass), which are played with a bow and sometimes plucked; the harp and the guitar, which are only plucked; and stringed keyboard instruments such as the piano and harpsichord.
		On most stringed instruments, including the stringed keyboard instruments, the strings are stretched parallel to the resonator, and they rest on a bridge of some sort that transmits their vibrations to the wood.
	www.cso.org /main.taf?p=1,1,4,17 (499 words)

	String instrument - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Instruments such as the guitar and kora are plucked, either by a finger or thumb, or by some other device such as a plectrum.
		Some string instruments have keyboards attached which are manipulated by the player, meaning she does not have to pay attention to the strings directly.
		Other string instruments with a keyboard include the clavichord (where the strings are struck by tangents), and the harpsichord (where the strings are plucked by tiny plectra).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/String_instrument (966 words)

	Indian Musical Instruments
		The strings are plucked by a horn plectrum.
		An ancient stringed instrument referred to in the ancient literature of the Vedic period, used as an accompaniment to the chanting of samagana.
		The yazh was an open-stringed polyphonous instrument, with a wooden boat-shaped skin-covered resonator and an ebony stem.
	www.rso.cornell.edu /spicmacay/spicmacay_files/home_files/instr.html (3912 words)

	Dragon's Gate -Instrument Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Stringing is light since the body is not able to withstand twelve or more strings at high tension.
		The player will performe the instrument on their lap or on a table, or in front of the chest held with a strap around his neck if movement was needed.
		The instrument's essential features are the lip (cut near the top of the body), the fipple (a block of wood inserted in the end to be blown), and the windway (a narrow channel along the fipple through which air is blown against the edge of the lip to produce sound).
	www.dragons-gate.com /library/instruments.htm (1634 words)

	Lars Kirmser's Music Trader - Instruments For Sale - Bassoons
		Bridges on the violin family are freestanding, never being affixed or glued to the instrument's top, but rather being held in place by the tension of the strings passing over them.
		The bridge, of course, is the first and one of the more important links in the transmission of vibrations directly from the strings to the hollow enclosure of the instrument.
		Since the bridge is tapered, and the sides of the crown (arch) are lower than the middle, it will be necessary for you to plane more material from the outside edges where it is thicker A good method is to plane radially from the center of the bridge outwards.
	www.musictrader.com /string4m.html (4537 words)

	play.net >> GemStone IV
		The enshai is an aerophonic instrument which is thought to bring good luck, and as a result, it is widely used by Erithians during wedding ceremonies and festive occasions.
		The instrument is made of wood, and it has a brass or copper bell fixed to the end and tied together internally with string.
		The bridge and the strings are attached to the instrument in a similar fashion to th
	www.play.net /gs4/info/instrument_alterations.asp (1195 words)

	Violoncello, or cello (from stringed instrument) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In nearly all stringed instruments the sound of the vibrating string is amplified by the use of a resonating chamber or soundboard.
		Idiophones are instruments whose own substance vibrates to produce sound (as opposed to the strings of a guitar or the air column of a flute); examples include bells, clappers, and rattles.
		Instruments such as the electric guitar that generate sound by acoustic or mechanical means but that amplify the sound electrically or...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=53732 (825 words)

	Commuted Synthesis of Strings
		In a complete stringed musical instrument, such as a guitar, the string couples via the bridge into a resonating ``body'' which is needed for coupling to the surrounding air, and which imposes a frequency response of its own on the radiated sound.
		Because the string and body are approximately linear and time-invariant, we may commute the string and resonator, as shown in Fig.
		In a practical instrument, the ``resonator'' is determined by the choice of output signal in the physical scenario, and it generally includes filtering downstream of the body itself, as shown in Fig.
	ccrma-www.stanford.edu /~jos/pasp/Commuted_Synthesis_Strings.html (998 words)

	FRETS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Bridge pins are used to anchor the strings in the bridge.
		The string is pressed downward until it touches a fret, effectively shortening the vibrating length of the string and producing the different notes.
		On fretted instruments, the saddle is the part of the bridge over which the string passes and which defines the end of the vibrating string.
	www.frets.com /FRETSPages/General/Glossary/glossary.html (1924 words)

	Bridge Transducer Patent / Ashbory Bass
		The stringed musical instrument of claim 1, including an oscillator circuit, and wherein said at least one elastomeric string is impregnated with electrically conductive particles and said at least one transducer element is part of an oscillator circuit generating a carrier frequency signal modulated by the vibrations of said at least one string.
		In known musical instruments this tension, particularly when applied to four or six strings, has been sufficiently high as to make it necessary, at least in the case of instruments such as guitars, for the instrument neck, carrying the finger board or fretboard, to be reinforced with a metal rod to prevent bowing.
		In the stringed instrument of the present invention, however, such composite string structures are unnecessary and, even for the lowermost notes, it is sufficient to use strings which are each composed of an homogeneous monolithic element.
	www.largesound.com /ashborydoc/patent/us4750397 (3053 words)

	The Invention
		The remaining string length, i.e., the distance from the first fret to the bridge, is again divided by 18 to locate the second fret.
		Accordingly, the need still exists for a fingerboard construction for a fretted and stringed instrument such as a guitar which will achieve perfect pitch for the tones produced when a string is engaged with a given fret and the remaining string length vibrated.
		A further object of the present invention is to provide a fingerboard construction for a fretted and stringed instrument such as a guitar which will result in perfect octaves, fourths and fifths when a string is engaged with a fret and the remaining string length vibrated.
	www.salazarguitars.com /pages/invention.htm (436 words)

	Parsifal Bell-instrument
		This instrument has been constructed somewhat on the principle of a grand piano; the massive frame is shaped like a billiard table.
		The strings are struck by large hammers, covered with cotton-wool, which the performer sets in motion by a strong elastic blow from his fist.
		Two belly bridges and two wrest-plank bridges, one set for each octave, determine the vibrating length of the strings, and the belly-bridge, as in other stringed instruments, is the medium through which the vibrations of the strings are communicated to the soundboard.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~ajones/eb11/parsifalbell.html (445 words)

	Construction Details of the Libellula Electric Upright Bass - the Piezo Transducer Bridge
		The bridge cup was routed out during construction of the body, and a shallow trench was made in the floor of the cup at the same time.
		The rest of the components of the bridge include a piece of 0.125” hard maple for the bridge blade, some thin brass sheet, a coax piezo transducer of the type used under the saddles of acoustic guitars, and some 100% silicone sealant (fl, GE #103 or equivalent).
		With the set screws that adjust bridge height turned so the bridge is in its lowest position in the body, a straight edge is placed on the fingerboard and the front of the bridge blade is lightly marked with the curve of the surface of the fingerboard.
	www.liutaiomottola.com /instruments/LibellulaAsm/ConstBridge.htm (582 words)

	Violin Viola & Cello construction - StringWorks University
		The spruce used most often for stringed instrument fronts is the Picea abies or the Picea excelsa, the common Christmas tree, with its whorled branches, narrow needlelike leaves which are borne on short peglike projections of the stem.
		The shape of the instrument is designed to withstand forces and direct them to a state of equilibrium, and the beauty of the curves is a direct and unavoidable consequence of this.
		The function of the bass bar is primarily to allow the right foot of the bridge to displace a larger area of the front when amplifying the lower notes, since the plate would flex in the immediate area of the bridge foot due to the comparative thinness of the plate.
	www.stringworks.com /instrument_construction.htm (2684 words)

	The Rhythm of Music - A Magical and Mystical Harmony
		The result was the veena, a musical instrument, whose long neck represents the straight lithe form of Parvati, and the two supporting gourds her breasts, the metal frets her bracelets, and the most expressive of all, the sound generated by this instrument is said to recreate Parvati's own, rhythmic breathing.
		Similarly, the tongue and its vibratory capability is extended by the means of the primitive reed that consists of a leaf or a blade of grass held by the fingers in front of the lips.
		Without his or her instrument, a musician may be likened to an amputee or a rider without his horse.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /article/music (3602 words)

	Virtual Instrument Museum
		These two instruments were both first described as plucked string instruments, and later as having two strings and being played by pressuring the strings with a strip of bamboo, suggesting that the earliest Chinese bowed instruments were derived from plucked stringed instruments.
		The two strings of the erhu are tuned in a fifth, most often with d1 and a1 or c1 and g1, sometimes g and d1 or a and e1, with a range of three octaves (d1 to d4).
		In the course of the twentieth century, the erhu was gradually elevated as a solo instrument and as "China's violin" by conservatory trained musicians and composers in concert music compositions, while it was still used as an important accompanying instrument in opera performances.
	learningobjects.wesleyan.edu /vim/cgi-bin/instrument.cgi?id=19 (1077 words)

	Violin - Musical Instrument - Hari's Carnatic
		Violin is a bowed, stringed musical instrument of the family chordophones - instruments that produce sound by vibration of chords, or strings.
		The direct stopping of the strings by the fleshy fingertips produces a tone quality that, though slightly damped, is more assertive and flexible than the tone obtained from the use of frets..
		Inside the instrument, beneath the treble foot of the bridge and wedged between the violin belly and back, is the sound post, a thin stick that transmits the string vibrations to the instrument's back, contributing to the characteristic violin tone.
	www.angelfire.com /musicals/kallidaihari/violin.html (582 words)

	Khryang Ditt : Plucked Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Indian phin type instruments (vina or bina), from which the jakhae was probably evolved, were made in the shape of a peacock, the upper end being the tail.
		There are three strings along the top of the body—one of brass wire and two of gut—each of which is attached to a peg on the side of the neck end, or, with this instrument, the “ tail “ end.
		From the pegs the strings pass out of the instrument and through a high support or bridge which, with the normal bridge on the sound bow, suspends the strings over the 11 frets.
	www.seasite.niu.edu /Thai/music/classical/instruments/khryang_ditt.htm (546 words)

	Maintenance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Depending on the cut and shaping of the bridge, and the nature of its wood, variations of flexibility/stiffness are adjusted which have an important influence on the timbre of sound, and resistance to the bow.
		The bridge is shaped so that the surface which faces the tailpiece is absolutely flat, and the surface which faces the fingerboard is arched.
		The strings should not be allowed to dig too deeply into the wood on top of the bridge, as this tends to muffle their sound, and the addition of a thin sheet of parchment under the e-string is a good idea and in no way dampens the string.
	www.centrum.is /hansi/maintenance (2182 words)

	VIOLIN & VIOLA TUNING
		Strings should be spread evenly across the bridge, and the bridge should be moved side to side so the strings are centered over the fingerboard.
		As you are tightening the strings to correct pitch, tuning the violin, cello etc, keep pulling the top of the bridge back toward the tailpiece as it will tend to lean toward the fingerboard as you tighten the strings.
		Keep the bridge upright so that the feet stand flat on the face of the violin etc. This is necessary to fully transmit the vibrations of the strings into the violin body, necessary for fullest sound.
	www.gotofmi.com /tuningviolin.html (981 words)

	Songstuff: Music Glossary
		On a stringed instrument, the bridge is mounted on the instrument body.
		Bridge is sometimes used to describe a section between a verse and chorus, commonly called a pre-chorus.
		Regarding lyrics, the bridge is often used as a mechanism to reflect on the previous lyrics and to set up the listener for the pay off or climax of the song.
	www.songstuff.com /glossary/B (1038 words)

	Instruments-2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		These instruments were extremely simple in construction, consisting of a cylindrical tube with a cork stopper in one end, a blow hole and six finger holes.
		This new instrument has received only a few relatively unimportant modifications throughout the 20th century and it is a tribute to his genius that Boehm's flute will remain unchanged into the 21st century.
		It was a widely used instrument during this period due to its ease of handling, its wide tonal range, and the ease of playing the scales.
	www.ncconsort.org /ncconsort/Music/instruments-2.htm (3053 words)

	Music patents 200607
		20060156893 - Stringed instrument nut and stringed instrument: A stringed instrument including strings supported by bridges, which are fixed to a body, and a nut fixed to a neck.
		The instrument includes a neck having a fret board provided with a plurality of frets having offset string contact regions along their length, whereby accurate intonation of a note is achieved when a string is brought into contact with one of the...
		Said bridge soundboard units are coupled to a set of strings such that a number of the strings within the set are sounded through the first bridge-soundboard unit, others are sounded through a...
	www.freshpatents.com /Music-dt200607ntc084.php (2323 words)

	Advanced Bridge Placement - StringWorks University
		Proper placement of the bridge is extremely important in the playability, tone, and structural integrity of your violin, viola, or cello.
		While your instrument may have been well setup when it was first sold to you, the ravages of time and use can easily nudge the bridge out of place, and if you do not know what the right place is for the bridge, this tutorial may help you.
		Bridge Alignment Part II When moving your bridge or changing strings, it is very common for the bridge to lean forward (toward the fingerboard) and this is damaging to the bridge if left too long as the hard maple can begin to warp permanently.
	www.stringworks.com /bridge_placement.htm (526 words)

	Musical Instruments - Strings
		The four strings of the violin are fastened to the tailpiece, rest on the bridge of the violin, are suspended over the fingerboard, and run to the pegbox.
		The cello, like a violin, also has four strings and notes are changed on the instrument when the musician changes his or her fingerings on the neck of the instrument.
		Later, musicians began to use the technique of plucking the strings or using bows that were similar to violin bows which were curved inwards.
	library.thinkquest.org /15413/instruments/strings.htm (991 words)

	Japanese Music Instruments
		The strings should be of tightly twisted silk, soaked in wax and applied with a lighter or heavier coating of wax.
		Kokyu: The Kokyu is a four-stringed instrument, measuring 5.5 inches long, by 4.9 inches broad, by 2.3 inches deep, the neck, 18 inches long, its breadth tapering from.7 to.6; the pegs, 2.5 inches; length of horsehair, 2 feet 6.5 inches.
		The string is a subsitute for strips of the cherry-tree bark which was formerly used.
	library.thinkquest.org /28110/instruments/japanese/index.html (587 words)

	Becker Frequently Asked Questions
		The instrument is the proper size if the palm and fingers of the performers left hand, with arm extended but elbow relaxed, can comfortably cup the scroll.
		The neck of the cello should be a few inches from the performers shoulder, and the C string peg should be near the left ear.
		• Since the top of the bridge has a tendency to pull forward when strings are tightened, check that the back of the bridge remains perpendicular to the top of the instrument and that the bridge feet remain flush against the instrument.
	beckerinstruments.com /?fa=faq (1408 words)

	Doan Lac Hong - Musical Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		One end of the string is wound around one of 16 tuning pegs (Truc), while the other end of the string passes over the tail-board and goes through one of the 16 small holes where it is attached with small pieces of paper.
		The string passes over a long body and at one end is attached to a tuning screw while at the other passes through a small wooden funnel (trai bau) and connects to a curved stalk made of buffalo horn.
		The instrument is placed on a stand and played by two sticks, which are made of a long and thin bamboo sticks with a soft material piece clued to each end.
	www.doanlachong.com /LacHong/instruments.html (2528 words)

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