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	Brinell Hardness Test Method
		The oldest of the hardness test methods in common use today, the Brinell test is frequently used to determine the hardness of forgings and castings that have a grain structure too course for Rockwell or Vickers testing.
		Brinell values are considered test force independent as long as the ball size/test force relationship is the same.
		The Brinell hardness number is a function of the test force divided by the curved surface area of the indent.
	www.instron.com /wa/applications/test_types/hardness/brinell.aspx (559 words)

	BikePro.com / Buyer's Guide / Hardness Testing - Bicycle Parts at discount prices / the Buyer's Guide / Bicycle Parts ...
		Hardness is the property of a metal which gives it the ability to resist being permanently deformed (bent, broken, or have its shape changed), when a load is applied.
		The hardness is calculated by dividing the load by the area of the curved surface of the indention, (the area of a hemispherical surface is arrived at by multiplying the square of the diameter by 3.14159 and then dividing by 2).
		A well structured Brinell hardness number reveals the test conditions, and looks like this, "75 HB 10/500/30" which means that a Brinell Hardness of 75 was obtained using a 10mm diameter hardened steel with a 500 kilogram load applied for a period of 30 seconds.
	www.bikepro.com /products/metals/hardness.html (1433 words)

	[No title]
		A hardness test that measures the diameter of a circle formed by the penetration of a 10 mm steel ball under a fixed load pressure.
		Hardness is generally measured by the depth or area of penetration under a fixed load using a diamond indenter.
		A hardness test that measures the degree of penetration into a metal caused by a diamond or ball indenter that is applied under a fixed load.
	www.toolingu.com /class_class_desc.aspx?class_ID=350260 (1057 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A schematic of the Brinell hardness test is depicted in Fig.
		The Rockwell test differs from the Brinell test in that the Rockwell hardness number is based on an inverse relationship to the measurement of the additional depth to which an indeneter is forced by a heavy (major) load beyond the depth resulting from a previously applied (minor) load.
		Hardness is measured using one of many hardness tests, which usually consist of pressing an indenter into the surface of a material and measuring the depth of penetration.
	www.tu-darmstadt.de /fb/ms/student/fs/german/lab/w6/mse6-5.htm (1358 words)

	Steel for many purposes. Hardness.
		In the Brinell hardness test a hard steel ball with a diameter of between 1 mm and 10 mm is forced onto the surface of the sample of steel under test for 20 seconds.
		The Brinell hardness number (HB), is equal to the applied force divided by the area of indentation.
		In the Vickers hardness test the surface of the sample is indented by a diamond which makes a pyramid shaped hole.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/5/chemistry/steel/steelch4pg3.html (409 words)

	Brinell scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science.
		Proposed by Swedish engineer Johan August Brinell in 1900, it was the first widely used and standardised hardness test in engineering and metallurgy.
		The typical test uses a 10 mm diameter steel ball as an indenter with a 3,000 kgf (29 kN) force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brinell_hardness_test (368 words)

	BESTAR \| Steel Service Center for the Saw and Knife Industry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hardness is the property of a material that enables it to resist plastic deformation, usually by penetration.
		The Brinell hardness test method consists of indenting the test material with a 10 mm diameter hardened steel or carbide ball subjected to a load of 3000 kg.
		The Vickers hardness test method consists of indenting the test material with a diamond indenter, in the form of a right pyramid with a square base and an angle of 136 degrees between opposite faces subjected to a load of 1 to 100 kgf.
	www.bestar.de /en/hardnessTesting.php (1125 words)

	Testing the Hardness of Metals
		The hardness is automatically recorded on a diagram on which a dead soft material gives a horizontal line, while a material as hard as the drill itself gives a vertical line, intermediate hardness being represented by the corresponding angle between 0 and 90 degrees.
		The coefficients by which the hardness numerals must be multiplied to obtain the ultimate strength in kilograms per square millimeter may be determined by tests, and are constant for each class and kind of material, but they differ slightly for different materials and for materials treated in a different manner.
		With regard to the conditions under which the tests should be made, it may be stated that the pressure should be gradually applied for two minutes or more, and the pressure should be kept on the test piece for a period of at least five minutes.
	www7.taosnet.com /ebear/metal/hardness.html (1486 words)

	Hardness testing
		The Brinell hardness test consists of indenting the test material with a 10 mm diameter hardened steel or carbide ball subjected to a load of 3000 kgf (29 430 N).
		The Brinell hardness number is calculated by dividing the load applied by the surface area of the indentation.
		Shore Hardness, using either the Shore A or Shore D scale, is the preferred method for rubbers/elastomers and is also commonly used for 'softer' plastics such as polyolefins, fluoropolymers, and vinyls.
	www.roymech.co.uk /Useful_Tables/Hardness.html (1242 words)

	Hardness
		The hardness is calculated by dividing the load by the area of the curved surface of the indention, (the area of a hemispherical surface is arrived at by multiplying the square of the diameter by 3.14159 and then dividing by 2).
		A diamond-tipped hammer in a graduated glass tube is allowed to fall from a known height on the specimen to be tested, and the hardness number depends on the height to which the hammer rebounds; the harder the material, the higher the rebound [14].
		Shore hardness [15] is a measure of the resistance of material to indentation by 3 spring-loaded indenter.
	www.calce.umd.edu /general/Facilities/Hardness_ad_.htm (5414 words)

	Hardness Testing - Brinell Hardness
		The hardness of a material is defined as its resistance to another material penetrating its surface and is related to its wear resistance and strength.
		Brinell hardness testing involves forcing a hardened steel ball (or a tungsten carbide ball for extremely hard materials) into the surface of the specimen.
		The hardness is then calculated as a ratio of the load to the curved surface of the impression using the equation:
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1406 (255 words)

	Brinell hardness testers
		All ERNST hardness testers operate according to a variant of the Rockwell method that permits accurate and reliable results also in the presence of deflection of the test part.
		Testing is possible even if positioning of the piece is not perfect, because the Brinell test is not sensitive to deflection of the test piece.
		To increase the accuracy in the case of high volume testing, the range of Ernst Brinell hardness testers give the operator the possibility to introduce a new and temporary calibration of the Brinell scale, based on Brinell test blocks, where the indentation has been made by classic Brinell testers.
	www.ernstsa.com /eng/Brinell-hardness-testers.htm (458 words)

	Brinell Hardness Test
		The Brinell hardness test uses a ball indenter of diameter, D, which is pressed into the surface of the test piece using a prescribed force, F.
		The time for the initial application of the force is 2 s to 8 s, and the test force is maintained for 10 s to 15 s.
		It should be noted that measurements of HBW and HBS on the same sample may differ in value due to differences in the tribological characteristics of the indenter-specimen interface.
	www.materials.co.uk /brinell.htm (153 words)

	janka_hardness (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A measure of the hardness of wood, produced by a variation on the Brinell hardness test.
		The test measures the force required to push a steel ball with a diameter of 11.28 millimeters (0.444 inches) into the wood to a depth of half the ball's diameter.
		The side hardness of teak, for example, is in the range 3730 to 4800 newtons, while the end hardness is in the range 4150 to 4500 newtons.
	www.uniquehardwood.com /janka_hardness.htm (216 words)

	Hardness Testing (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The most frequently used methods of measuring hardness involve indenting the surface of a material with an indentor of a suitable shape and material and measuring the size of the impression that results.
		In this experiment, the characteristics of the Vickers hardness test will be determined, the results compared with the Rockwell test and the Vickers microhardness test utilised to obtain the hardness of individual microconstituents.
		Determine the relationship between the hardness of the steel and the individual hardnesses of the ferrite and pearlite and the volume fraction of each phase.
	www.mse.mtu.edu /~drjohn/my3200/lab2/hard.html (593 words)

	Hardness Testing, Portable Micro-Hardness, Brinell, Vickers, Rockwell, India
		The test consists of applying a prescribed load, usually between 500kg and 3000kg for a specified time (10-30 seconds) using a 5 or 10mm diameter tungsten carbide ball on the flat surface of a metal sample.
		This test differs from the Brinell test in the shape of the indenter and in the manner that the number is determined.
		The hardness number is based upon the measurements made of the indent formed in the surface of the test specimen.
	www.tcreng.com /services/hardness-brinell-knoop-vickers-rockwell-micro-portable.shtml (328 words)

	Brinell hardness tester model selection
		A basic Brinell hardness tester with semi-automatic operation.
		NB3010 is a cost-effective Brinell tester using deadweights with a pneumatic load system to apply and remove the loads.
		The Brinell test measurement is typically done to the nearest
	www.hardnesstesters.com /brinell-hardness-tester.htm (425 words)

	Job knowledge: Hardness Testing Part 1 (January 2005)
		The Brinell test was devised by a Swedish researcher at the beginning of the 20th century.
		The Brinell test is generally used for bulk metal hardness measurements - the impression is larger than that of the Vickers test and this is useful as it averages out any local heterogeneity and is affected less by surface roughness.
		As with the Brinell test the diagonal measurement is converted to a hardness figure by referring to a set of tables.
	www.twi.co.uk /j32k/getFile/jk74.html (1140 words)

	Brinell Hardness Test
		The Brinell hardness test method consists of indenting the test material with a 10 mm diameter hardened steel or carbide ball subjected to a load of 3000 kg.
		A well structured Brinell hardness number reveals the test conditions, and looks like this, "75 HB 10/500/30" which means that a Brinell Hardness of 75 was obtained using a 10mm diameter hardened steel with a 500 kilogram load applied for a period of 30 seconds.
		On tests of extremely hard metals a tungsten carbide ball is substituted for the steel ball.
	www.gordonengland.co.uk /hardness/brinell.htm (436 words)

	Hardness Testers, Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, Portable, Bench, Metal Hardness Testers,Härteprüfer, Duromètres, ...
		It is possible to test the hardness of heavy castings as well as of pins for horology, from the hardest sintered materials to the softest alloys.
		As per the Brinell hardness number, the Vickers number is given by the relationship between the applied load and the surface area of the indentation.
		With one test only, it is possible to display the hardness value at different loads from 9.8 to 98 n (1-10 kp) and to notice any anomaly or non-homogeneity of the material.
	www.hardnesstesters.net (2131 words)

	[No title]
		Rockwell and Brinell are two of the most common forms of hardness testing.
		Rockwell Hardness testing is generally used on harder steels and samples where the Brinell Hardness test leaves too large an impression on the specimen to be practical.
		This is extremely important, for a fast hardness test may often be used in place of a tensile strength test.
	www.ccac.edu /files/Word_Document/d1f026c435024b91924c23ebabd7559f.doc (800 words)

	Hardness test - DirectIndustry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Brinell hardness is measured optically automatically in the authentic way and the test result is displayed on the monitor, test results are saved to disc as they are displayed and may be printed out at the end of the batch together with some statistics if required.
		The Foundrax Model BHD (powered) radial arm Brinell hardness tester consists of a separate certified Brinell Test Head for applying the test forces of up to 29 420N (3000kgf), and a heavy duty frame in which it is mounted that is specifically designed to resit the forces generated in Brinell hardness testing.
		The radial arm holds the Test Head of the machine and allows it to be manoeuvred to accurately position it for one or more tests without moving the workpiece.
	www.directindustry.com /tab/hardness-test.html (1113 words)

	Ultrasonic Portable Hardness Tester
		MET-U1 and MET-UD hardness testing method based on the measurement of the frequency shift of a resonating rod caused by the essentially elastic nature of the finite area of contact between the indenter and the test piece during the penetration.
		Described as a hardness testing practice using a calibrated instrument by pressing a resonating rod with a Vickers style Diamond indentor with a fixed force against the surface of the part to be tested.
		This is a dynamic hardness test method using a calibrated instrument that impacts a spherically shaped carbide ball with a fixed velocity (generated by a spring force) onto a surface of the material under test.
	www.phase2plus.com /hardness-tester/pht-met.htm (435 words)

	Slowboy Racing \| DSM
		The Vickers hardness test uses a square-base diamond pyramid as the indenter.
		The diamond-pyramid hardness number (DPH), or Vickers hardness number (VHN, or VPH), is defined as the load divided by the surface area of the indentation.
		The Vickers hardness test has received fairly wide acceptance for research work because it provides a continuous scale of hardness, for a given load, from very soft metals with a DPH of 5 to extremely hard materials with a DPH of 1,500.
	www.slowboyracing.com /metaltest.htm (222 words)

	Lycos Ricerca: brinell
		A measure of the hardness of metals, defined in 1910 by Johann A. Brinell, a Swedish...
		The Brinell test is frequently used to determine the hardness of forgings and castings that have a grain structure too course for Rockwell or Vickers testing.
		Rockwell Hardness Testers, Brinell Hardness Testers, Vickers Hardness...
	cerca.lycos.it /cgi-bin/pursuit?query=brinell (221 words)

	[No title]
		The Rockwell Hardness Test The basis for the Rockwell Hardness number is the measurement of differential depth of penetration produced by a specific differential load.
		The basis of this test is the computation of a number that is: the applied force (kgf units) divided by the measured surface area of a spherical indentation.
		The basis of this test is the applied force (kgf units) divided by the measured surface area of a diamond pyramid indentation.
	glenstone.sdsmt.edu /My-files/labs/03Hardness.doc (2404 words)

	EXPERIMENT NO. 1 TENSILE TEST
		The hardness of metals can be determined by measuring the resistance of the material to indentation.
		Place the sample to be tested on the anvil and turn the capstan handwheel until the sample touches indenter.
		Usually it is not necessary to compute the hardness number each time from the diameter obtained as charts are supplied with the instrument.
	www.rit.edu /~megite/EXP02.html (561 words)

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