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Topic: Bristlecone Fir

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	Fir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Firs (Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae.
		Firs can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the fact that their needle-like leaves are attached to the twig by a base that resembles a small suction cup, and by erect, cylindrical cones 5-25 cm long that disintegrate at maturity to release the winged seeds.
		The wood of most firs is considered inferior, and is often used as pulp or for the manufacture of plywood and rough timber.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fir (422 words)

	Bristlecone Pine
		Bristlecone and Limber pine can survive where winter winds sweep the high country free of snow, while the neighboring spruce and fir are buried several feet deep.
		Bristlecone pine is found south of Berthoud Pass and James Peak in Colorado; never north of the fortieth parallel.
		The Bristlecone cones are smaller and darker than Limber pine cones, and have bristles on the ends of the cone scales.
	home.earthlink.net /~swier/BristleconePine.html (683 words)

	Species: Pinus aristata
		Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, quaking aspen, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, interior ponderosa pine, and Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine may all be seral in Engelmann spruce-corkbark (or subalpine) fir communities [30].
		Blister rust: Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine is susceptible to white pine blister rust [120], an exotic fungus that infects 5-needle white pines.
		Bristlecone pine frost-ring and light-ring chronologies, from 569 B.C. to A.D. 1993, Colorado.
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/pinari/all.html (10607 words)

	Abies bracteata description
		Large stands of fir are always in regions of precipitous cliffs or steep-rugged canyons which are steep enough to prevent litter accumulation extensive enough to carry a strong fire.
		Santa Lucia fir not only appears to be restricted to generally fireproof topography, but may even be restricted to regions where the topography makes it impossible for a fire to enter a grove going uphill.
		As for the score of wood boring beetles that attack fir trunks and branches, their total impact is not alarming, and, like the other insects, appears to represent a stable equilibrium.
	www.conifers.org /pi/ab/bracteata.htm (1414 words)

	DCQ Fall Equinox '98 -- The Rare Santa Lucia Fir
		To the north populations are scattered from Skinner's Ridge to Miller's Canyon, with additional populations east of Tassajara Road in Anastasia Canyon and in the canyon of Calaboose Creek.
		David Douglas and Thomas Coulter sent their Santa Lucia Fir specimens to England, where the specific name venusta was applied to the Douglas specimen, and bracteata to the Coulter specimen (during the 1800's the species was bounced around between the genera Pinus [pine], Abies [fir] and Picea [spruce]).
		Fortunately the effects that the seed chalcids have on the reproduction of the Santa Lucia Fir is cyclical, for in many years abundant crops of viable seeds are produced.
	www.ventanawild.org /news/fe98/slfirs.html (1786 words)

	Common Trees and Shrubs of Great Basin National Park
		White fir is common between 7,000 and 9,500 feet in elevation.
		Douglas fir is common between 6,500 and 9,000 feet.
		Limber pine grows with and is often confused with bristlecone pine.
	www.nps.gov /grba/treesshrubs.htm (4116 words)

	Abies bracteata, Santa Lucia Fir
		Its distinguishing feature, as reflected by its alternative name bristlecone fir, is the possession of needle-like bracts up to an inch long protruding from between the cone scales.
		A fine specimen is growing near the Herbert Hoover Library on the campus of Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
		Seeing that the Santa Lucia fir is a local native of good appearance, one might expect it to figure more prominently in future plantings of conifers.
	trees.stanford.edu /ENCYC/ABIESbr.htm (310 words)

	WAH WAH MOUNTAINS WILDERNESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		He mentions stands of bristlecone pines along the main ridgeline and running water in a drainage or two.
		Two rare plants and a stand of ancient bristlecone pine are found in the unit, as are significant archeological sites and collectable fossils.
		-- The rugged sidecanyons are forested with juniper, pinyon pine, ponderosa pine, and fir.
	www.suwa.org /WATE/wahwah.html (1259 words)

	TNC Invasive Species Initiative page
		Fraser fir is restricted to mountaintop environments in the southern Appalachians, where the species forms a unique forest type with red spruce (Picea rubens).
		Smith and Nicholas (2000) studied Fraser fir size and age class distributions and found lower densities of young firs in stands severely impacted by adelgids.
		The adelgid was first noticed on a northern population of Fraser fir in 1957, and it subsequently spread to all populations (Johnson, 1980).
	tncweeds.ucdavis.edu /products/gallery/adepi1.html (737 words)

	Abies bracteata description
		Santa Lucia, bristlecone, or silver fir; fringed spruce (4).
		Whole slopes were completely"cleaned off", while the two fir stands in the burn received only ground fires, or didn't burn at all.
		The conclusion that this tree is a"strange" fir thus appears correct.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/earle/pi/ab/bracteata.htm (1410 words)

	Subalpine Conifer Forest of the Colorado Plateau
		Spruce-fir forests grade into bristlecone pine stands on some treeline sites, particularly on limestone substrates and drier south-facing slopes, and into mixed-conifer forests at lower elevations.
		The branches of the spruce and fir trees are short and brittle, so they grow close together to buffer the wind; both of these species have narrow, pointed crowns, which help shed snow.
		In contrast, the subalpine pines, limber and bristlecone, have more open crowns with flexible branches which help them withstand heavy snowfalls and blustery winds with less damage.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Biota/subalpine_conifer.htm (881 words)

	eNature: FieldGuides: Search Results
		Large fir with beautiful, spirelike, conical crown of short, down-curving branches and flat, fernlike foliage.
		The only fir native to the Northeast, with narrow, pointed, spirelike crown of spreading branches and aromatic foliage.
		The rarest of the firs, with narrow, conical, spirelike crown of short, slightly drooping branches.
	www.enature.com /fieldguides/view_default.asp?curGroupID=10&curPageNum=6 (157 words)

	Mixed Conifer Habitat
		Overstory species include white fir, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, blue spruce, quaking aspen, Gambel oak, ponderosa pine, and southwestern white pine at higher elevations, with Engelmann spruce, blue spruce, and subalpine fir intergrading at the highest elevations.
		New growth of white fir, corkbark fir, and Engelmann spruce trees is killed by growing-season frosts.
		Seedlings of white fir, Douglas-fir, Engelmann spruce, and especially corkbark fir are killed or injured by solarization when grown in full sunlight (Ronco and others 1983).
	www.mirror-pole.com /apif_web/mixedcon/mixedcon.htm (4896 words)

	Birding Mount Charleston, Lee Canyon
		The upper end of the Bristlecone Trail, which starts right at the end of the road, is a good trail for getting away from the crowds to listen for birds.
		The lower end of the Bristlecone Trail is located about 1 mile before the end of the road.
		The upper end of the Bristlecone Trail starts on the emergency helicopter landing pad, right at the end of the paved road (the far end of the ski area parking lot).
	www.birdandhike.com /Bird/Mt_Ch/Lee/Lee.htm (1152 words)

	Spruce-Fir Habitat
		Dwarf juniper, red elderberry, creeping mahonia, currant, raspberry, snowberry, shrubby cinquefoil, Fendler ceanothus, and smooth sumac are found in the sparsely vegetated shrub layer (Pase and Brown 1982a, Pase and Brown 1982b).
		Douglas fir acreage in Arizona is approximately 52,611 ha (130,000 ac), while the mixed spruce-fir type is approximately 44,517 ha (110,000 ac).
		Maintain key habitat components in Engelmann Spruce and Subalpine Fir forests including: snags >12 in (Evans and Connors 1979) for nesting and trees averaging a dbh of 25 in (Keller 1987) for foraging.
	www.mirror-pole.com /apif_web/sprucefr/sprucefr.htm (3898 words)

	Abies firs Grand Fir shoot Grand Fir shoot Scientific...
		Abies firs Grand Fir shoot Grand Fir shoot Scientific...
		"Abies beshanzuensis" - Baishanzu Fir Baishanzu Fir msg:StatusCritical
		The wood wood of most firs is considered inferior, and is often used as pulp or for the manufacture of plywood plywood and rough timber.
	www.biodatabase.de /Fir (401 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- California montane chaparral and woodlands (NA1203) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The high-elevation cold chaparral zone is dominated by manzanitas along with closed-cone pine forests, Coulter pine woodlands, and big cone Douglas fir communities.
		Between 4,500 and 9,500 feet (1,350 and 2,850 m) you'll find a mixture of conifers such as incense cedar, sugar pine, white fir, Jeffrey pine, ponderosa pine, and mountain juniper.
		Between 2,000 and 5,000 feet (600 and 1500 m) is the range for tan and canyon live oaks, the unusual Santa Lucia or bristlecone fir, as well as several species of pine: ponderosa, sugar, Jeffrey, Coulter, and knobcone.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na1203.html (531 words)

	Dwarf Mistletoe Management
		NOTE: Scotch pine is susceptible to both ponderosa and lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe.
		Ponderosa pine areas: Replant to Douglas-fir, white fir, blue spruce, pinon pine, limber pine, Rocky Mountain juniper, bristlecone pine, gambel oak and pea shrub.
		Lodgepole pine areas: Replant to Englemann spruce, subalpine fir, Douglas-fir, bristlecone pine and limber pine.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/garden/02925.html (1175 words)

	silver fir - Abies alba Miller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Abies alba Miller more commonly known as silver fir can be referenced under the symbol ABAL3.The botany heiarchy of the silver fir is classified within group Gymnosperm of the Pinaceae family.
		This plant has the taxonomic id of 506607, if you wish to find out more information on the silver fir view the USDA database for this plant by clicking here.
		The silver fir cannot currently be found within any state in the United States.
	database.dotflowers.com /item-silver-fir.html (233 words)

	Abies bracteata, Santa Lucia Fir, Bristlecone Fir, Abies venusta
		Abies bracteata, Santa Lucia Fir, Bristlecone Fir, Abies venusta
		Firs prefer moist, cool, acid soil, and full sun.
		Though firs do not require pruning, you can tip back branch ends to promote denser growth.
	www.sunnygardens.com /garden_plants/abies/abies_1182.php (154 words)

	AllRefer - Species: Richardson's Geranium \| Geranium richardsonii > Distribution and occurrence
		Richardson's geranium is abundant in the true pinyon-Rocky Mountain juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus scopulorum) habitat type of Utah [14].
		It is an important understory species in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), blue spruce (P. pungens), white fir (A. concolor), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) habitat types of Arizona and New Mexico [1,18,35].
		Richardson's geranium is a common understory species in subalpine fir and Engelmann spruce habitat types of the Intermountain West [6,31].
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/plants/forb/gerric/distribution-occurrence.html (435 words)

	Bristlecone Loop \| Utah Hikes
		The trail is named after the bristlecone pine, which is found more frequently along this trail than along other trails in Bryce Canyon National Park.
		Bristlecone pine can be identified by the foxtail tufts of needles growing at the tips of its limbs.
		Due to its tenacity, the bristlecone pine has a tremendous lifespan.
	www.trails.com /tcatalog_trail.asp?trailid=HGS257-049 (169 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- California montane chaparral and woodlands (NA1203)
		The California Montane Chaparral and Woodland ecoregion consists of a complex mosaic of coastal sage scrub, lower chaparral dominated by chamise, upper chaparral dominated by manzanita, desert chaparral, Piñon-juniper woodland, oak woodlands, closed-cone pine forests, yellow pine forests, sugar pine-white fir forests, lodgepole pine forests, and alpine habitats.
		Mixed-conifer forests are found between 1371 to 2896 m (4,500 to 9,500 ft) elevation with various combinations and dominance of incense cedar, sugar pine and white fir, Jeffrey pine, ponderosa pine, and mountain juniper.
		The range also harbors the unusual and endemic Santa Lucia or bristlecone fir (Abies bracteata) between 610 and 1525 m (2,000 and 5,000 ft) elevation.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na1203_full.html (1565 words)

	Kingdoms Of Life
		It is very important to preserve natural, old growth forests with a diversity of species, some of which may prove to be valuable medicines for the treatment of diseases.
		Seed cones are produced near the top of the slender spire, and they are some of the most unusual cones of all cone-bearing trees on earth.
		This uncommon and remarkable fir tree is endemic to steep, rocky slopes in the Santa Lucia Range of California's Coast Ranges.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /trfeb98.htm (3618 words)

	fir - Abies P Mill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		more commonly known as fir can be referenced under the symbol ABIES.The botany heiarchy of the fir is classified within group Gymnosperm of the Pinaceae family.
		This plant has the taxonomic id of 18031, if you wish to find out more information on the fir view the USDA database for this plant by clicking here.
		The fir can currently be found within 10 states in the United States, please see the information posted above to find out what state this plant currently resides.
	database.dotflowers.com /item-fir.html (211 words)

	TreeHelp.com: Trees: Species: Pine: Types: Bristlecone Pine
		The Bristlecone Pine is known for its long life - some specimens have reached ages of 4000 years old.
		The oldest known specimen 'Methuselah' is said to be over 4700 years in age.
		Bristlecone Pine has such a dense wood that there are no specific bacteria, fungus or insects that are known to attack the tree.
	www.treehelp.com /trees/pine/pine-types-bristlecone.asp?CA=C1 (139 words)

	Geography and Climate
		Cooler temperatures and increased moister support forests of fir trees.
		The Douglas fir dominates this zone, with a mixture of blue and Engelmann spruce, quaking aspen, and white fir.
		The trees that grow here, spruce, fir and bristlecone pines, are stunted as the result of a short growing season.
	www.scenicdrive.org /Geography.htm (471 words)

	fir - definition, thesaurus and related words from WordNet-Online
		is a substance of fir, fir tree, true fir
		fir, fir tree, true fir - any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas
		silver fir; Santa Lucia fir, bristlecone fir, Abies bracteata, Abies venusta
	www.wordnet-online.com /fir.shtml (79 words)

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