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Topic: British Board of Film Censors

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	Film & Realism
		The Board may require cuts to videos which were not made to the cinema film, or may give the video a higher classification than the film to warn parents about the content.
		In 1985, The British Board of Film Censors changed its name to the British Board of Film Classification and the secretary was renamed the director.
		In 1989 the BBFC introduced a ‘12’ certificate in film, to bridge the gap between PG and 15, which was extended to video in 1994.
	www.filmeducation.org /secondary/concept/film-real/docs/real6.html (1043 words)

	British Movies
		The British Board Of Film Censors was founded in 1912 primarily to keep the foreign imports 'genteel', or rather, to be able to control their numbers on the pretext of unsuitability.
		The problem with the British film industry was it did not keep pace with the advances being made abroad and quickly became technically out of date.
		Although British films are hailed for their artistic merit and acting talent, they are consistently undercapitalized.
	www.geocities.com /Hollywood/Hills/4337/obukfilm.htm (2236 words)

	British Board of Film Classification
		It is very often the case that home video and cinema versions of a film will receive the same certificate, although occasionally a film may receive a more restrictive certificate for the home video market, as it is easier for children to watch a home video than to be admitted into a cinema.
		Film classification has been, and generally still is, more restrictive than in the United States for example.
		Films with this rating are however only legally available from licenced sex shops of which there about 100 in the UK.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/br/British_Board_of_Film_Classification.html (447 words)

	British Board of Film Classification - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about British Board of Film Classification (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Independent UK body established in 1912;; until 1985 it was known as the British Board of Film Censors (see censorship).
		The BBFC ensures that a proper national standard is maintained in films available for viewing in the cinema and in videos supplied to the public primarily for viewing at home.
		The president, vice-presidents and director of the board are appointed by the council of management after consultation with the Home Office, the film industry, and the Association of Local Authorities.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /British%20Board%20of%20Film%20Classification (280 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Land of the Dead
		British Board of Film Classification logo The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), originally British Board of Film Censors, is the organisation responsible for film and some video game classification and censorship within the United Kingdom.
		Roger Ebert gave the film three stars for what he considered its skillful and creative allusions, something that he argued was pervasive among Romero's previous three installments that contained numerous satirical metaphors to the reality of American life.
		The film earned a 74% positive rating at the Rotten Tomatoes movie-review compilation website (though the "Cream of the Crop" critics' reactions were more mixed, giving the film a 68% rating overall).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Land-of-the-Dead (5122 words)

	Guardian \| James Ferman
		When he became secretary of the British Board of Film Censors in 1975, James Ferman, who has died aged 72, said that films depicting the sexual abuse of children were "beyond the pale", and that other psychological areas left him "uncomfortable".
		Ferman moved to the film censors' board in June 1975, the same month that an Old Bailey jury found the Swedish film, More About The Language Of Love, to be grossly indecent, even though it had been licensed by the GLC.
		Minutes of board meetings leaked to the Guardian tended to show that the censors had either an over-average sense of humour or none at all.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,4573306-103684,00.html (1274 words)

	British Board of Film Classification - Definition, explanation
		The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) is the organisation responsible for film classification within the United Kingdom.
		Some films from the 1970s remain unreleased (see this list for titles), but many of these titles remain banned primarily because their distributors have not chosen to re-submit the films to the BBFC, almost certainly for commercial reasons.
		The BBFC's policy proved particularly controversial in the case of Ken Loach's Sweet Sixteen in 2002, which was passed uncut only at 18 certificate, even though its main characters were teenagers who frequently used profanities that the director argued were typical of the social group his film depicted.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/br/british_board_of_film_classification.php (1589 words)

	The History Of British Censorship
		The British Board of Film Censors was established in 1912 by the film industry when local authorities started to impose their own, widely varying, censorship standards on films.
		Statutory powers on film remain with the local councils, which may overrule any of the Board's decisions on appeal, passing films we reject, banning films we have passed, and even waiving cuts, instituting new ones, or altering categories for films exhibited under their own licensing jurisdiction.
		John Trevelyan, as Secretary to the Board, responded to the new spirit of liberalism by stating: "The British Board of Film Censors cannot assume responsibility for the guardianship of public morality.
	freespace.virgin.net /alasdair.y/HISTORY.HTM (2561 words)

	screenonline: Political Film
		Film and politics were entangled almost from the time of the first projections.
		In Britain, an overt politics of cinema emerged in the interwar years, influenced by the experience of propaganda films during World War I, the increasing sophistication and popularity of cinema, the postwar domination of British screens by American films, the early flowering of the Soviet film industry and the blatantly political character of censorship.
		A new self-consciously oppositional film culture began to take shape, characterised by filmmakers working in groups, soon to be called 'workshops', each with a distinctive practice.
	www.screenonline.org.uk /film/id/976967/index.html (1221 words)

	The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC)
		The British cheese industry protested that Charles Urban's 1898 work, showing a magnified piece of cheese squirming with microbes, might put customers off their products, and the 90-second short was withdrawn from public exhibition.
		The Board reached the height of its notority in the 1970s when it banned a series of films that were released uncut and were popular in other countries.
		The film was released with the equivalent of a 12 certificate in France.
	www.jahsonic.com /BBFC.html (919 words)

	NETRIBUTION - Are Britain's Film Censors Up to the Job?
		This is a substantial fall from the position in the 1970's, the period in which film censors most often had to wield their scissors, when 27 percent of films had to take cuts to be allowed on UK screens.
		The Board, on its own website, admits such a decision would not have been made ten years ago and in the 60's and 70's cuts had to made in around one in four film, though in the 1980's this had fallen to about 17% of mainstream films.
		BBFC former President, Andreas Whittam Smith, who was in charge between 1997 and 2002 said classification has to reflect the moral climate of the times.
	www.netribution.co.uk /2/content/view/536/290 (796 words)

	The Muslim News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The board questioned more than 11,000 people and found that the areas of greatest public concern were depiction of drugs, violence, sex and racial or religious references.
		BBFC president Sir Quentin Thomas said the old guidelines are "still, on the whole, in line with public attitudes and concerns", but drawing on the survey and on expert advice, "we have added, or given greater weight to, a number of key concerns".
		The board's director David Cooke said: "We are acutely aware that there will be works which we pass, at whatever classification, which may shock or offend some sections of the population, just as we sometimes outrage libertarian views when we intervene to cut, or even refuse a certificate."
	www.muslimnews.co.uk /news/print_version.php?article=8822 (281 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		The British Board of Film Classification, which had been instrumental in the certification of motion pictures since 1912 the British Board of Film Censors, was designated as the classifying authority in 1985.
		Works are classified under an age-rated system, (see motion picture rating systems) and as such, it is an offence to supply video works to individuals who are (or appear to be) under the age of the classification designated.
		Exemption may be forfeited if the work depicts excessive human sexual activity or acts of force or restraint associated with such activity, mutilation or torture of humans or animals, human genital organs or urinary or excretory functions, or techniques likely to be useful in the perpetration of criminal acts or illicit activity.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Video_Recording_Act_1984 (333 words)

	Joystiq
		It is the duty of the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) to classify or rate any films or video games before they are released in the UK -- if they are indeed deemed fit for release.
		The British Board of Film Classification, which assigns content ratings to both films and video games, says that video game violence is less influential and harmful to young players than violence in films or television.
		The BBFC (British Board of Film Classification, formerly the British Board of
	www.joystiq.com /search/?q=bbfc (1059 words)

	Canterbury Conservatives - News - BRAZIER SLAMS FILM CENSORS FOR LETTING DOWN PUBLIC (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He is concerned that the BBFC is unreliable in preventing scenes of violence from reaching our screens at a suitable rating.
		Examples are films such as ‘Green Street’ and ‘The Football Factory,’ both rated ‘18’ and containing strong violence in the context of a popular past time.
		Just because a film is not set in the current world does not mean that 15 and 16 year olds will not attempt to copy dangerous action sequences.
	www.canterburyconservatives.co.uk /page/3/130 (534 words)

	Hitchcock’s Aventure Malgache (or the True Story of DZ 91)
		Crown’s copyright appears to have been restricted to the use of the story as the basis of a propaganda short film in French and other languages “without restriction either as to the manner in which the film is to be exploited or the territories in which it is to be distributed”.
		The US Copyright Office registered the film mid-1993 under the reference number PA 712 254 and, on 2 May 1995, it was submitted for the first time to the British Board of Film Censors (Ref. AVV114198) by Connoisseur Video (in reality, the BFI) with a view to releasing it on VHS.
		The film then became generally available for screenings, video, etc. I recall taking a print to Berlin as part of a talk that I was asked to give to film students as they'd never had a chance to see it before.
	www.sensesofcinema.com /contents/06/41/hitchcock-aventure-malgache.html (4007 words)

	British Films Are Pure (The Nation, November 19, 1930)
		The report for the year 1929 of the British Board of Film Censors is a very remarkable document.
		It has no legal powers of compulsion, but is, in practice, able to exercise an almost complete power of life and death over the vast mass of films which are produced to satisfy the ravenous demand of every class of the population.
		The president of the board is a veritable despot in the film world: the very absence of legal power and the unofficial character of his office serve to strengthen his position beyond measure.
	www.thenation.com /archive/detail/13545041 (161 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Entertainment \| Film \| Censors slash 'extreme' Japanese film
		A Japanese film that depicts extreme sexual violence has prompted UK censors to order the biggest cuts for almost a decade.
		When the film was shown at the Toronto Film Festival in 2001, organisers felt the need to provide sick bags to the audience.
		The film's distributor, Medusa Pictures, has not decided whether it will be given a cinema release or go straight to DVD.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/entertainment/film/2465265.stm (364 words)

	A History of British Film: The Institutions
		The British Board Of Film Censors was founded in 1912 primarily to keep the foreign imports 'genteel', or rather, to be able to control their numbers on the pretext of unsuitability.
		During the 1930's two other valuable assets came along; the British Film Institute and the National Film Archives.
		A History of British Film Early British Comedy Early Hitchcock Introduction to Humphrey Jennings Humphrey Jennings and Third Cinema.
	www.britishfilm.org.uk /article.php?art=history&page=5 (206 words)

	FSAC / ACEC
		Patrice Petro, Film Feminism and Nostalgia for the Seventies (The Martin Walsh Memorial Lecture 1999)
		Blaine Allan, A National "As Distinct from Departmental" Film Board, and the Case of Heritage
		Gabriel F. Giralt, Andrei Tarkovsky’s Film Adaptation of the Motifs Embedded in Leonardo da Vinci’s The Adoration of the Magi
	www.filmstudies.ca /CJFS_backissuesINDEX.htm (3594 words)

	screenonline: British Board of Film Classification
		It does this by awarding a classification certificate based on what it considers to be appropriate age limits for the film in question - and, if deemed necessary, by requesting that the film's
		The Board was created in order to establish uniform standards across the country and simplify matters for distributors, who otherwise would have been faced with having to submit films to each individual local authority for vetting.
		Liberals resent it for censoring films at all, authoritarians protest that it doesn't censor nearly enough, and both groups delight in highlighting inconsistencies in
	www.screenonline.org.uk /film/id/448074 (312 words)

	Region 4 DVD Censorship List (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He also maintains The Chopping List, a comprehensive guide to movies which have been censored in Australia.
		When this film was classified by the British Board of Film Censors on initial release, it was passed without cuts.
		It is possible that the producers cut some footage for commercial reasons, to fit the film into a double-feature schedule for example.
	www.michaeldvd.com.au /Censorship/CensorshipDetail.asp?ID=13593 (128 words)

	U.K. censors OK ``Rape Me'' after edit
		The British Board of Film Classification has insisted that distributor Feature Film Co. remove a shot of sexual penetration during a rape.
		The board recently carried out a public consultation exercise, which revealed that British audiences have become more relaxed about the depiction of sex acts on the big screen and do not want the censor deciding what they are allowed to see.
		the necessity to censor part of a film directed at a mature adult audience who may reasonably expect to make up their own minds about it,'' said the board's statement.
	www.ainews.com /Archives/Story1544.phtml (196 words)

	History Today: The educational archive of articles, news and study aids for teachers, students and enthusiasts - ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Films interest the modern historian for they reflect the preoccupations and conventions of an age.
		It was not just a matter of artistic or commercial judgement, for the film industry operated within very strict guidelines provided by the British Board of Film Censors.
		The British Board of Film Censors had been set up by the industry itself in 1912 as an act of self-preservation: it sought by centralised self-censorship to preclude the possibility of local licensing authorities, estimated at some 700 in 1932, giving different verdicts on the suitability for showing of films.
	www.historytoday.com /dm_getArticle.asp?gid=12569 (327 words)

	C4 News - Home - Real sex passes censors - Explicit film condemned (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Yet "9 Songs" has been passed by the British Board of Film Classification without a single cut despite it being explicit, graphic and where its stars really do have sex.
		But the film critics remain divided on the significance and the merit of the film.
		“Part of the idea of the film is what is wrong with showing sex in the media because it avoids sex, it is unable to deal with the intimacy and that is an interesting area of most people lives.
	www.channel4.com /news/2005/03/week_2/09_9songs.html (458 words)

	News - Aussie censors investigate GTA; BBFC unperturbed by Hot Coffee // None /// Eurogamer
		British censors have stated that the controversial Hot Coffee mod for Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas won't change their rating for the title - but Australian censors may be on the verge of banning the title from sale.
		Earlier this week the ESRB warned that San Andreas could be slapped with an Adults Only rating in North America after news emerged of the pornographic mini-game, which can be unlocked by downloading a mod from the Internet.
		The board is notoriously strict when it comes to both violent and sexual content, previously refusing to classify titles such as Manhunt, NARC and Leisure Suit Larry and thereby effectively banning them from sale.
	www.eurogamer.net /article.php?article_id=60033 (332 words)

	The Wild One (1953)
		It was the first feature film to examine outlaw motorcycle gang violence in America.
		In the film, most of the action was located in Wrightsville, somewhere in Middle America.
		Because of the controversial nature of the film, public screenings were banned in England by the British Board of Film Censors for fourteen years (until 1968) after its release.
	www.filmsite.org /wild.html (2065 words)

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