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Topic: British Civil Wars

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	Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, 1609-74
		Always acutely aware of legal and constitutional considerations, Hyde despaired at the King's attempt to arrest the Five Members in January 1642, but joined him at York in May, after which he was expelled from Parliament and denounced as one of the King's "evil councillors".
		Hyde attended the King on campaign during the opening stages of the civil war.
		On the outbreak of the Second Civil War, the Queen and Prince of Wales summoned him to Paris and he left Jersey on 26 June 1648.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /biog/hyde.htm (1404 words)

	fisselbooks
		The contributors examine the relationship between war and government in Britain between 1598 and 1650, shedding light on both the causes of the Civil War and the British context of the military Revolution.
		War and government in Britain, 1598 - 1650 extends and clarifies the debates over the relationship between society and war in the eras of the English Civil War and the Military Revolution.
		On the eve of the civil war there were not enough men in England who had kept up the training, thanks to Charles’s failure to insist on it.
	www.aug.edu /mfissel/fisselbooks.html (3272 words)

	English Civil War
		The first (1642–1645) and the second (1648–1649) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.
		The wars inextricably mingled with and formed part of a linked series of conflicts and civil wars between 1639 and 1651 in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, which at that time shared a monarch but formed distinct countries with otherwise separate political structures.
		The wars led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son Charles II, and the replacement of the English monarchy with the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then with a Protectorate (1653–1659): the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell.
	www.tagate.com /wars/page/english.shtml (2109 words)

	[No title]
		She thereby set in motion perhaps the biggest war in the history of Scotland, Ireland, and England, and eventually brought about the American Revolution and the changes that have resulted from it.\par \par That may be slightly exaggerated.
		The political thought that came from these wars formed the basis of the American Revolution.\par \par King Charles saw the protests purely as a challenge of royal authority, and the rebels had to be brought to heel, so he decided in 1638 to plan an invasion of Scotland for spring 1639.
		He commanded a regiment in the Bishops Wars, and was second in command in Ulster until Leslie was recalled, and he commanded the army in Ulster until he was imprisoned by the English Parliamentarians.\par \par The officer ranks were a mixture of veterans and socially prominent men.
	www.celticfringe.net /clannquiz/1640.rtf (3252 words)

	English Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The wars were inextricably mixed with and formed part of a linked series of conflicts and civil wars between 1639 and 1651 in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, which at that time shared a monarch but were distinct countries in political organisation.
		While the monarchy was subsequently restored, the civil wars effectively set England and Scotland on course to become a parliamentary democracy and after the acts of union help United Kingdom avoid the later European republican movements that followed the Jacobin revolution in 18th century France and the later success of Napoleon.
		In the words of Christopher Hill, "the Civil War was a class war." On the side of reaction was the landed aristocracy and its ally, the established church.
	www.info-pedia.net /about/english_civil_war (4652 words)

	Wars of the Three Kingdoms
		The Wars of the Three Kingdoms were an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in Scotland, Ireland, and England between 1639 and 1651 at a time when these countries had come under the Personal Rule of the same monarch.
		The Wars included the Bishops' Wars of 1639 and 1640, the Scottish Civil War of 1644–5; the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Confederate Ireland, 1642–9 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 (collectively the Irish Confederate Wars); and the First, Second and Third English Civil Wars of 1642–6, 1648–9 and 1650–51.
		These linked conflicts were named the Wars of the Three Kingdoms by recent historians aiming to have a unified overview rather than treating some of the conflicts as background to the English Civil War.
	www.tagate.com /wars/page/three_kingdoms.shtml (2042 words)

	Irish Confederate Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Wars were the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms - a series of civil wars in Kingdoms of Ireland, England and Scotland (all ruled by Charles I of England) that also included the English Civil War and Scottish Civil War.
		Between 1642 and 1646, the war in Ireland was dominated by raids and skirmishes.
		There was a brief period of civil war in 1648 between Owen Roe O'Neill's Ulster Army, which refused to accept the Royalist alliance and the new Royalist-Confederate coalition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars (3217 words)

	Category:Wars - Military History Wiki
		War is a conflict involving the organized use of weapons and physical force by states or other large-scale groups.
		Warring parties usually hold territory, which they can win or lose; and each has a leading person or organization which can surrender, or collapse, thus ending the war.
		A war to liberate an occupied country is called a "war of liberation"; a war between internal factions within a state is a civil war.
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /wiki/Category:Wars (827 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carefully isolated from one another under British rule, the vast cultural differences between these two regions now escalated rapidly, and civil war was imminent.
		The war between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), led by John Garang, and the government troops continued; hundreds of thousands of civilians were displaced, while many others are faced with economic ruin and the threat of starvation.
		War and famine are still haunting the country.
	www.arab.net /sudan/sn_civilwars.htm (340 words)

	Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) - Genealogy - A Wikia wiki
		At the outset of the English Civil War, Cromwell began his military career by raising a cavalry troop, known as the Ironsides Cavalry, which became the basis of his New Model Army.
		Cromwell's influence as a military commander and politician during the English Civil War dramatically altered the military and the political landscape of the British Isles.
		As one of British history's most notable parliamentarians, his statue outside the Palace of Westminster is understandable, despite the fact that many of his actions are officially regarded as treasonous.
	genealogy.wikia.com /wiki/Lord_Protector_Oliver_Cromwell_(1599-1658) (3513 words)

	Histoire des deux guerres civiles anglaises au XVIIème siècle - LES DESIRS SOCIALISTES DE JULIEN TOLEDANO
		The term English Civil War (or Wars) refers to the series of armed conflicts and political machinations which took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651.
		The first (1642–1645) and the second (1648–1649) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) was between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.
		The wars led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son Charles II, and the replacement of the English monarchy with the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then with a Protectorate (1653–1659) under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell.
	www.politique-info.org /article-1436192-6.html (448 words)

	History Bookshop.com: Civil War: wars of the three kingdoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Proponents of the New British Histories agree that British history should not be enriched English history which focuses on Whitehall and uses events in Ireland and Scotland to explain developments in England.
		The phrase 'Wars of the Three Kingdoms' acknowledges the centrality of the various civil wars fought within the Stuart kingdoms as well as the interactions between them.
		As it was, the Covenanters had seized the initiative in the spring of 1640 by moving against the pro-royalist Gordons in the north-east, while Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl of Argyll, leader of the Scottish anti-royalists, ravaged the lands of the MacDonalds and other supporters of the king.
	www.historybookshop.com /articles/commentary/civil-wars-of-three-kingdoms-ht.asp (3356 words)

	Wars of the Three Kingdoms - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Wars of the Three Kingdoms also paralleled a number of similar conflicts at the same time in Europe — such as the Fronde in France and the rebellions of the Netherlands, Catalonia and Portugal against Spanish rule.
		However, the issues that had caused the wars - religion, the power of Parliament and the relationship between the Three Kingdoms had not been resolved, only postponed and they would be fought over again in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
		The Wars of the Three Kingdoms Article by Jane Ohlmeyer arguing that the English Civil War was just one of an interlocking set of conflicts that encompassed the British Isles in the mid-17th century
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms (3239 words)

	UK Battlefields Resource Centre - The Civil Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The warfare that took place in these islands in the mid 17th century is still popularly known as the English Civil War.
		Of the three it was however the action in England which proved the most significant, not least because of the size and wealth of the united kingdom of England and Wales.
		The first military action was in the Bishops Wars, between Scotland and England in 1638 - 1640, culminating in the battle of Newburn (Northumberland).
	www.battlefieldstrust.com /resource-centre/civil-war/index.asp (226 words)

	British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1638-60
		The "English Civil War" of the mid-17th Century was part of a wider conflict that involved Scotland and Ireland as well as England and Wales.
		Also called "The Wars of the Three Kingdoms" and the "English Revolution", the British Civil Wars and Commonwealth period witnessed the trial and execution of a king, the formation of a republic in England, a theocracy in Scotland and the subjugation of Ireland.
		The first attempt was made to unite the three nations under a single government, and the foundations of the modern British constitution were laid.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk (438 words)

	Oliver Cromwell - Suggested reading - The Civil Wars
		The slippery path from crisis to war in Scotland after 1637 is explored by D Stevenson, The Scottish Revolution 1637-44 (1973), P Donald, An Uncounselled King: Charles I and the Scottish Troubles 1637-41 (1990) and M Fissel, The Bishops' Wars: Charles I's Campaigns against Scotland 1638-40 (1994).
		Two collections by J Morrill focus upon the impact of the civil war: Reactions to the English Civil War (1982) and The Impact of the English Civil War (1991).
		The physical remains of the war are examined in P Gaunt, The Cromwellian Gazetteer (1986) and P Harrington, Archaeology of the English Civil War (1992).
	www.olivercromwell.org /civil_wars_bib.htm (2507 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Napoleonic Wars
		At the twin villages of Aspern and Essling in the spring of 1809, Napoleon was prepared for battle with Austrian Archduke Charles.
		As was the case throughout the Napoleonic Wars, Waterloo saw its share of female participants -- and casualties.
		During the Napoleonic Wars, a British naval officer believed that desperate times called for desperate measures -- so he proposed the use of saturation bombing and chemical warfare.
	www.historynet.com /wars_conflicts/napoleonic_wars (305 words)

	Sir Henry Vane, the younger, 1613-62
		Vane was unable to prevent the outbreak of war with the Pequots, but he secured peace with the Narragansetts and negotiated the purchase of Rhode Island as a refuge for religious separatists.
		In the autumn of 1644, Vane was prominent in advocating the reorganisation of Parliament's army and removing the Earl of Essex from command, resulting in the Self-Denying Ordinance of December 1644 and the formation of the New Model Army in 1645.
		Vane outlined the principles of civil and religious liberty and proposed a convention to write a national constitution — a method that was followed in America after the War of Independence.
	british-civil-wars.co.uk /biog/vane.htm (1914 words)

	The English Civil War - Book Information
		This book brings together twelve of the most influential articles on the English Civil War, including coverage of all the major debates on this key period in British history.
		The War, the People and the Absence of the Clubmen in the Midlands, 1642-46: Simon Osborne.
		The Aftermath of the Civil War in its European Context: Ian Roy.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /book.asp?ref=0631208097 (297 words)

	English civil war — Infoplease.com
		English civil war: Bibliography - Bibliography The standard works on the period of the war are by S. Gardiner.
		English civil war: The Rise of the Opposition - The Rise of the Opposition Under James I James I was not long in gaining a personal unpopularity...
		The 'loyal unknown soldier': Wales and the English civil war: Robin Evans assesses the contribution of the Welsh to the troubles of......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0817372.html (306 words)

	Riotous or Revolutionary: The Clubmen during the English Civil Wars
		During the 1640s most people in the British Isles were more concerned with the mundane happenings within their own orbits than with the earth shattering events outside.
		The rioters’ primary objective is now thought to be the preservation of a vanished, just order of society, a mythical merry England in which landlords and grain dealers do not cheat or oppress the poor, and in which both monarch and gentry uphold the traditional laws and regulatory structures of the old “moral economy”.
		John Morrill, The Revolt of the Provinces: Conservatives and Radicals in the English Civil War, 1630-1650 (London, 1976), 74.
	www.eiu.edu /~historia/2003/clubmen.htm (3182 words)

	Franco-Prussian War Links
		The section on the Franco-Prussian War summarises the work the organisation did with the wounded and prisoners of war.
		Also there are details of the effect of the Franco-Prussian War on the subsequent development of international law concerning war and neutrality.
		The section on 1870-71 includes an account of the causes, course and legacy of the war, and there are links to a number of very interesting documents and accounts.
	www.geocities.com /fpwar1870/links.html (1199 words)

	Regicides in Cambridge
		His civil policies also alienated many—for example, he advocated the divine right of kings and ruled without a Parliament for eleven years from 1629.
		Eventually, England exploded into civil war between Royalists loyal to the king and reformist Parliamentarians led by the Protector, Oliver Cromwell.
		British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1638-60, is an excellent site on the English Civil Wars; biographies of all the Regicides are included.
	www.ci.cambridge.ma.us /Historic/regicides.html (1427 words)

	The Cambridge Companion to Writing of the English Revolution - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This collection of fifteen essays by leading scholars examines the extraordinary diversity and richness of the writing produced in response to, and as part of, the upheaval in the religious, political and cultural life of the nation which constituted the English Revolution.
		The turmoil of the civil wars fought out from 1639 to 1651, the shock of the execution of Charles I, and the uncertainty of the succeeding period of constitutional experiment were enacted and refigured in writing which both shaped and was shaped by the tumultuous times.
		The causes and course of the British Civil Wars, John Morrill; 2.
	www.cambridge.org /0521642523 (378 words)

	English Books > History/War > United States - Civil War
		Baltimore And The Ohio In The Civil War
		Bilingual Diary of the Spanish Civil War - Memoirs of Lluis Puig Casas, Catholic and Non-Republican, in Catalan and English
		Brampton Bryan Castle, 1066 to 1309, and the Civil War, 1642 to 1646
	www.netstoreusa.com /books/index/bkbhm605B.shtml (1299 words)

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