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Topic: British crown colonies

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	British overseas territory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Overseas territories should be distinguished from crown dependencies (the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, which have a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom), and protectorates (which were not formally under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom).
		Successive British governments have argued against integration, to the effect that it is not an appropriate alternative to the status quo or that it is not a modern form of existence, instead advocating the concept of 'partnership'.
		Colonies that did not join the Commonwealth are Burma, Aden (now part of Yemen), and the original thirteen United States of America.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crown_colony (1449 words)

	my (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The British crown colony of the Straits Settlements was established in 1826 and Britain gradually increased its control over the rest of the peninsula.
		British North Borneo (currently the state of Sabah) was a British Crown Colony formerly under the rule of the Sultanate of Sulu, whilst the huge jungle territory of Sarawak was the personal fiefdom of the Brooke family.
		Post-war British plans to form a 'Malayan Union' were scuppered by strong Malay opposition who wanted a more pro-Malay system, rejecting Singapore's inclusion and demanding only single citizenship as opposed to the dual-citizenship option which would have allowed the significant immigrant communities to have claimed citizenship in both Malaya and their country of origin.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /MY.html (1615 words)

	Thirteen Colonies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Thirteen Colonies were 13 British colonies in North America, separately chartered and governed, that signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and formally broke with the Kingdom of Great Britain, leading to the American Revolutionary War and the establishment of the United States of America.
		Other British North American possessions—the former French colony of Quebec and the colonies of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island—remained loyal to the British Crown and much later were united as Canada.
		In 1775, the British claimed authority over both the red and pink areas on this map and Spain ruled the orange west of the Mississippi river.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/13_colonies (553 words)

	crown. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The crown as used in medieval and modern times is an elaboration of the diadem and is generally made of metal, often gold inlaid with precious gems.
		The crown became thoroughly identified with the functions of monarchy, and the term crown is often used in a purely institutional sense, as in crown lands, crown colonies, and crown debt.
		Among famous crowns of historic interest are the Lombard iron crown, kept at Monza, Italy; the crown of Charlemagne, at Vienna, Austria; and the sacred crown of St. Stephen of Hungary.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cr/crown.html (360 words)

	Malaysia Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These settlements were collectively ruled from the British East India Company seat of government in Calcutta until 1867 when their administration was transferred to the Colonial Office in London.
		British North Borneo (currently the state of Sabah) was a British Crown Colony formerly under the rule of the Sultanate of Sulu, whilst the huge jungle territory of Sarawak was the personal fiefdom of the Brooke (White Rajah) family.
		Post-war British plans to form a "Malayan Union" were scuppered by strong Malay opposition who wanted a more pro-Malay system, and demanding only single citizenship as opposed to the dual-citizenship option which would have allowed the significant immigrant communities to have claimed citizenship in both Malaya and their country of origin.
	popularityguide.com /encyclopedia/Malaysia (5308 words)

	House of Assembly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Historically, the House of Assembly in British crown colonies superseded the (usually unelected) Legislative Council as the colonial legislature, as the colony gained more internal responsible government, in some instances becoming the lower house.
		The Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador calls its provincial legislature the House of Assembly as a result of the province's former status as a British crown colony.
		In the Australian states of South Australia and Tasmania, the House of Assembly is the lower house.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/h/ho/house_of_assembly.html (249 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Borneo
		From the 17th to the 19th century, the British and Dutch made sporadic attempts to control the island's trade, particularly in pepper.
		British traders established footholds along the northern coast, most of which was under the Brunei sultanate.
		From 1881 a company chartered by the British crown administered North Borneo (now Sabah), which in 1888, along with Brunei and Sarawak, was made a British protectorate.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761577611__1/Borneo.html (946 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Islands of the Commonwealth ...
		Crown colonies are governed internally by a British-appointed governor and a locally elected assembly.
		In late 1987, the British crown colonies in the Caribbean consisted of the British Virgin islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
		Prior to the Morant Bay Rebellion in Jamaica in 1865, crown colony government was limited to Trinidad and St. Lucia.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/caribbean_islands/cx_glos.html (1613 words)

	South Africa- History
		The British occupied the coastal region of Natal and established a crown lony in 1843.
		British statesman, Alfred Milner became the Cape governor in 1897.
		In the South Africa Act of 1910, British Parliament established the dominion of the Union of South Africa with four colonies as its provinces.
	www.angelfire.com /ok/southernafrika/history.html (1128 words)

	ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY - LoveToKnow Article on ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nearly every state in America has its official economic entomologists, and nearly every one of the British crown colonies is provided with one or more able men who help the agricultural community to battle against the insect pests.
		If we take, for example, the corner-stone of the British commercial system in the i9th century, namely, the policy of free trade (q.v.), the public do not now read the economic works which supplied the theoretical basis of that policy, and, indeed, would ~conomjc not be convinced by them.
		Although the British Empire contains within itself every known species of railway enterprise, the study of railways and other means of transport, and their relation to the business, the commerce and the social life of the country, is deplorably backward.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /E/EC/ECONOMIC_ENTOMOLOGY.htm (4583 words)

	Empty File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A crown colony is a territory that is subject to the sovereign of the United Kingdom but is not a physical part of the United Kingdom.
		The Queen apppoints a Governor who acts on her behalf, and is in charge of the colony's internal security matters, as well as acting as a delegate between the colony and the British government.
		As a British Crown dependency, the ultimate responsibility for the Island’s good government is vested in the Crown but by long standing convention, the U.K. Government does not legislate for the Island except with the specific consent of the Island’s Government.
	nisdv.bravehost.com /strategy_repository.html (5550 words)

	Van Bottenburg/Global Games. Chapter 5
		In British colonies a different pattern of sports evolved than in American protectorates, which was different again from that in countries that preserved their independence.
		British sailors, businessmen, diplomats, and missionaries introduced the Chinese to soccer, cricket, tennis, and badminton; German and Japanese teachers and physical education instructors brought gymnastics equipment and forms of rhythmic gymnastic exercise; and contacts with Japanese merchants were important in disseminating table tennis and baseball.
		In South Africa the British army recruited mule and donkey riders and scouts from the local population; the new recruits learned to play soccer while serving with the British infantry, and the most talented fl players were sometimes included in battalion teams.
	www.press.uillinois.edu /epub/books/van_bottenburg/ch5.html (14816 words)

	United Kingdom: Dependencies of the Crown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Constitutionally, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands are dependencies of the Crown - they are not, and never have been, crown colonies.
		They are crown dependencies of the British monarch but are neither part of the United Kingdom nor colonies of the UK.
		Their constitutions are semi-feudal with the bailiff (a Crown appointee) heading the States (legislature) and Royal Court of each island.
	flagspot.net /flags/gb-dep.html (243 words)

	[No title]
		Its prosperity attracted invaders from Portugal and the port became the centre of colonial expansion involving the Dutch and British, which successively dominated the Straits.
		The role of the merchants of the Straits Settlements saw the British government intervening into the affairs of the tin producing states in the Malay Peninsula.
		British residents who took orders from the High Commissioner in Singapore, who was also the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Malaysia (1886 words)

	Countries of the World: Turks and Caicos Islands: Chapter 2B. Government and Politics@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the late 1980s, both territories were still British crown colonies.
		Each had a British governor and a ministerial form of government consisting of an Executive Council (cabinet) and a Legislative Assembly (in the Cayman Islands) or a Legislative Council (in the Turks and Caicos Islands).
		Under the Caymans' Constitution, the British governor is responsible for defense and internal security, external affairs, and public service.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28386784&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (196 words)

	Retracing Our Steps - The Path To Development
		Emancipation Day is a historic commemoration of the abolition of slavery, in the British Crown Colonies in 1834 and the United States in 1865 and it is celebrated in Ghana every August 1.
		An Act of abolition of slavery throughout the British colonies for promoting the industry of the manumitted slaves and for compensating the person hitherto entitled to the services of such slaves.
		For the British West Indies, which started the celebration of Emancipation Day, abolition came in the Emancipation Act passed by the British Parliament in 1833 to become effective on 1 August 1834.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=56451 (938 words)

	Royal Assent - Biocrawler definition:Royal Assent - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the Throne in the Lords Chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the Royal Court (nowadays, the scene is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parliament).
		In Crown colonies the Governor or Lieutenant Governor grants the Royal Assent.
		In the Isle of Man, a British Crown dependency, the Lieutenant Governor regularly grants the Royal Assent to bills passed by the Tynwald (the Manx legislature) without any special ceremony.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Royal_Assent (3036 words)

	Malaysia
		Malacca came into British hands after the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 and two years later, the Straits Settlements were formed.
		Independence was achieved for the peninsula in August 31, 1957 under the name of the Federation of Malaya, which did not include Singapore.
		Europeans and Eurasians include British who colonized and settled Malaysia and some Portuguese, and most Middle Easterners are mostly Arabs who first brought Islam to Malaysia.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Malaysia (2112 words)

	Queensland 'NO REPUBLIC' Campaign
		The Crown and the Constitution are the rules by which we have agreed, by referendum, to be governed.
		The six British Crown Colonies had become politically mature and were themselves independent, sovereign and self-governing, with no interference from Britain, and they were competent to create their own Australian Crown for their new Federal Government.
		In these 15 countries it is their Crowns, not the Crown of Great Britain, that is the symbol of the power of their governments.
	www.johnston-independent.com /qno_c.html (3148 words)

	History of Borneo - BorneoDelights.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Muslim sultanate of Brunei, founded in the late 15th century, dominated northern Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago during the 16th century.
		During the 19th century, the Dutch imposed treaties on some south- and west-coast rulers who ceded vast territories to them, but their authority in the interior was minimal.
		In 1888, along with Brunei and Sarawak, it was made a British protectorate.
	www.borneodelights.com /library/nature/historyofborneo.asp (392 words)

	AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT - CONSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND
		The ideas were taken up vigorously in the British Crown Colonies in North America and provided a rationale for the American and French Revolutions and the overthrow of monarchical government.
		Section 3 of the Constitution requires that the Queen shall appoint a Governor-General during her pleasure, and assign powers and functions to that Office subject to the Constitution.
		In the Westminster tradition, the House of Lords as the Upper House of the British Parliament cannot claim to be democratically elected.
	www.spatialgovernance.com /governance/government/610-1A.htm (4548 words)

	Nordlit
		For example in the late 1780s and early 1790s, women organized a national campaign to boycott the use of sugar and became the dominate force in the petition drives to abolish slavery in British colonies.
		Linda Colley argues that "women were more prominently represented among the ranks of conventional patriots" and often became the embodiment of the patriotic "British family" in Britain in the last decades of the eighteenth century (Colley, 254).
		The discourses about slavery within Britain and its colonies could be used to explore/represent aspects of the domestic experience for women, and abolitionist rhetoric could be made to encode the psychological consequences of "enslavement" or a radical political ideology.
	www.hum.uit.no /nordlit/6/wolfe.html (3264 words)

	Feature Article of Friday, 23 April 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The British took a lead when in 1787, an abolition society started to organize campaign, led principally by evangelical Christians.
		Emancipation, however, did not come only as a result of the passage of favourable laws at the end of successful campaigns but also through civil war and direct revolt by the slaves and their taking over powers.
		Freedom from slavery and colonialism will be meaningless without freedom of the mind and Africans need to retrace the steps of their forefathers to enable them to emancipate themselves totally from social, cultural and economic struggles.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=56451 (930 words)

	Articles - Commissioner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The title of High Commissioner was used for the administrator of the British Mandate of Palestine.
		The reason for this peculiar denomination is that members of the Commonwealth do not traditionally consider each other to be "foreign" countries thus it would be inappropriate for their envoys to be called ambassadors or consuls, although the Commissioners' missions are now known as consulates.
		Furthermore, many of the commonwealth countries have the British sovereign as head of state, and ambassadors are normally formally sent from one head of state to another, which would lead to the absurd situation of ambassadors being sent by the Queen to herself.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Commissioner (806 words)

	India4u - Philately Powered by SIPA
		Used in perfins, overprints or franks to indicate Official use in the British Commonwealth.
		The first omnibus issue was made in 1898 by Portugal and her overseas colonies for the quatercentenary of Vasco da Gams's discovery of the sea route to India.
		Subsequently France (1931) and the British crown colonies (1935) produced omnibus issues.
	www.india4u.com /sipa/glossary_o2.asp (359 words)

	Tables of History : A.D. 1900 - 1919
		The two Boer republics, Transvaal and the Oranje Free State become British crown colonies, but are given promises of imminent autonomy.
		A growing scandal concerning the Serbian queen Draga causes a group of military officers to make a night raid on the royal palace, during which King Alexander I, the queen, her two brothers and numerous courtiers are murdered.
		The colonies of the Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal and the Oranje Free State become, collectively, an independent dominion of Great Britain, called the South African Union.
	www.scholiast.org /history/timetables/1900to19.html (1641 words)

	crown_colonies_chron
		1821 British settlements in the Gambia are placed under Crown rule and administered from Sierra Leone (the Gambia becomes a separate colony in 1894 and
		British settlements in the Gold Coast are placed under Crown rule and administered from Sierra Leone (a protectorate is extended inland in 1830 and the
		1847 establishment of the colony of British Kaffraria (incorporated in the Cape Colony in 1866)
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/harlandj/Chrons/crown_colonies_chron.html (466 words)

	Malaysia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It existed for more than a century, and within that time period spread Islam to most of the Malay archipelago.
		After the fall of Malacca, three nations struggled for the control of the Malacca Strait: the Portuguese (in Malacca), the Sultanate of Johor, and the Sultanate of Aceh; and the attacks only stopped in 1641, when the Dutch (allied to the Sultanate of Johor) gained control of Malacca.
		It was also about this time that many Malay states decided to obtain British help in settling internal conflicts.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/M/Malaysia.htm (3204 words)

	American Accounting Association - 2004 Annual Meeting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Abstract: The Abolition Act of 1833 established a six-year apprenticeship period prior to the termination of slavery in the British Crown Colonies.
		The Act also created a £20 million fund distributable to slaveholders only if a colony’s legislature passed detailed work rules by August 1, 1834 when the Act would take effect.
		Although planters and local legislatures had opposed ending slavery, their objectives became aligned with the British government – to preserve plantation economies and maintain an industrious and stable work force in advance of full freedom.
	aaahq.org /AM2004/abstract.cfm?submissionID=582 (169 words)

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