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	British Fascists - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The British Fascists were the first avowedly fascist organisation in the United Kingdom.
		The British Fascists name was subsequently taken by the movement in an attempt to Anglicise their aspect, and underline their patriotic credentials.
		The emergence of the British Union of Fascists (BUF) severely damaged the fortunes of the British Fascists, as did the passing of a series of public order laws in the 1930s that banned uniforms and curtailed the right to demonstrate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/British_Fascisti (466 words)

	Comando Supremo: Events of 1941
		British loses amounted to 2,000 troops, 1 in 25 troops that engaged the Italians were killed.
		As the British tried saving the survivors on the 29th, the Luftwaffe appears and they are forced to abandon the rescue operation.
		Rommel, glorified by British propaganda as a military genius because of recent British military defeats, begins to deprive Italians of captured goods, fail to include Italians in information exchange for a joint strategy, and destroys the chain of command of Axis African forces by continually seeking Hitler's intrusion to avoid Italian superiors.
	www.comandosupremo.com /1941.html (4875 words)

	I couldn't paint golden angels - Chapter 28
		The British ruling class, however, were not so quixotic as to hold against Franco the fact that he had staged anti-British demonstrations in which those who had conquered Spain trampled on the Union Jack and called for conquest of Britain.
		Though British military intelligence were working with the Spanish Resistance in their fight against Franco, assisting Allied soldiers to escape, forging German ration cards or burgling the German Embassy, hard-headed commercial intelligence was looking ahead to a future fit for business heroes to exploit.
		A year later one saw the point, when British fascisti travelled to Sweden for the sole purpose of causing a senseless football riot, exploiting the British football fans and the Swedish population alike, just for the fun of it.
	www.spunk.org /texts/writers/meltzer/sp001591/angels28.html (3263 words)

	Books \| A matter of chance
		The British Fascisti, formed in 1923 by the eccentric former servicewoman Rotha Linton-Orman, took much inspiration from the Boy Scouts, and became a refuge for desperate military and empire types, as well as dilettantish young adventurers.
		British politics was in crisis - the National Government seemed nothing but a put-up job by the old guard - and Mosley presented a vigorous alternative to the tired compromises of parliamentary democracy.
		The story of British fascism had not, of course, come to an end, but the era of the flshirts was over.
	books.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,5176661-110738,00.html (1040 words)

	[No title]
		Writing of the membership of the British Fascisti, Eatwell suggested "little if anything about these supporters which could reasonably be termed 'fascist' other than a vague desire for dictatorship and a willingness to use violence against the 'dangerous' left", (Roger Eatwell 'Fascism: A History' 1995, p176).
		The biggest claim to fame for the British Fascisti was the kidnapping in March 1925 of Harry Pollitt, the leader of the British Communist Party.
		When the LEL later merged with the British National Party and the Racial Preservation Society in the formation of the National Front in 1967, Chesterton became its first chairman, although he was later resign both from the leadership of the and the National Front in 1970.
	members.lycos.co.uk /mere_pseud_mag_ed/History/MadDogs1.htm (4666 words)

	Nase noviny - Lord Haw Haw
		He was sentenced to death for treason in accordance with the British Treason Act 1945, passed by the British government the day before Joyce's arrival to Britain.
		He was a kind of a comic character, as his comments and news broadcasts often made the Allies burst into laughter, he managed to make many people think what he wanted them to think and his speeches are considered as an important chapter in the history of propaganda.
		William Joyce, known to the Allies as Lord Haw Haw, was an American citizen and a member of the prewar British Union of Fascists, led by the vigorous personality of Sir Oswald Mosley.
	www.geocities.com /nasenoviny/HawHawEN.html (584 words)

	History of British fascism, from the British Union of Fascists (BUF) to the British National Party (BNP)
		The 'British Brothers League' orchestrated an 'anti-alien' campaign aimed specifically against Jewish immigration between 1901-06 in alliance with The 'Parliamentary Alien Immigration Committee'; the 'London League'; and the 'Immigration Reform Association'.
		The BUF argued that the principles of British Fascism were embedded deep in British history, and that it was the dominant Whig interpretation that had distorted the historical textbooks.
		A final consideration with regard to the development of British Fascism in the early 1990s is related to the recent attention being given to groups such as 'Combat 18' and 'Blood and Honour', both consisting of alienated and violent youths.
	www.dkrenton.co.uk /anl/trent1.htm (13157 words)

	Weekly Worker 382 Thursday May 3 2001
		British troops were used against Danzig dockers, who had struck against the landing of munitions for the Poles.
		The main feature of this crisis was that, when the British government threatened us with war, and told us that if we advanced any further they would fight us and send their warships against us, the British workers declared that they would not permit this war.
		Today, however, the old leaders of the British workers have begun to waver and have changed their minds: they were opposed to the dictatorship of the working class, but now they have come over to our side.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/382/general_strike.html (11515 words)

	D. Renton, Fascism and anti-fascism in Britain in the 1940s
		Copsey sees the re-emergence of a British fascist movement especially the one that was headed by Mosley in the post-World War Two years, as untenable given the political legacy of the Holocaust and British involvement in the fight against Nazism.
		Both are empirical studies, tightly focussed on popular politics, referring to relations between police and politicised public, punctuated by moments of political violence, concerned in equal measure with the victims as well as the purveyors of social control, and reliant for their source bases on public records, police files, and newspaper coverage.
		Renton asserts that if British fascism made a certain appeal to elements of the Conservative Establishment during the 1930s, this was no longer the case during the 1940s when British fascism was clearly a déclassé movement, relegated to pariah status.
	www.dkrenton.co.uk /books/1940s.html (9883 words)

	Spies at Work, CHAPTER 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Their enrolment form committed the British Fascist to "render every service in my power to the British Fascisti in their struggle against all treacherous and revolutionary movements now working for the destruction of Throne and Empire".
		The British Fascists continued to exist (alongside the British Union of Fascists and Imperial Fascist League) until the late thirties.
		By the time of the General Strike the British Fascists were claiming a membership of one million and although this is an exaggeration even a cautious estimate would have to number them in tens of, or perhaps a couple of hundred, thousands.
	www.1in12.go-legend.net /publications/library/spies/chap5.htm (3243 words)

	Lord Haw-Haw - █ FURTHER READING:
		British journalists were quick to dismiss Joyce's broadcasts and portrayed him a mere stooge.
		Joyce was turned over to British authorities and detained until he was flown back to Britain as a prisoner.
		The British government passed a new Treason Act of 1945 in order to prosecute citizens who seriously impeded or compromised the British war effort.
	www.espionageinfo.com /Ke-Lo/Lord-Haw-Haw.html (579 words)

	Military.com Content
		The British people were being deceived, he said, misled into war and bloodshed by their leaders.
		The first two counts alleged that Joyce, as a "British subject," adhered to the king's enemies outside of the realm, that is, in Germany.
		In 1923 Joyce joined a nascent political party called British Fascisti Ltd., and was soon engaged in street fighting against Communists and Socialists.
	www.military.com /Content/MoreContent?file=PRpersonalityf (1493 words)

	Open House
		In 1923 at the age of 17, Joyce joined the 'British Fascisti Ltd', a movement based on its Italian big brother.
		An oddball and misfit in so many areas of British life, he had now found a context in which he could be part of something big and, to his mind, meaningful.” He made a name for himself as a dedicated activist and a good speaker very quickly.
		Joyce's fate at the gallows was then merely a formality and the British press whipped up all the hysteria they could reminding people that he was a snarling traitor.
	www.rte.ie /tv/openhouse/2003/1113/GerCal.html (1190 words)

	Lady Queenborough, Edith Starr Miller
		She claims that her information is based on her own collecting of data so the assumption can be made that normal management is her's, extravagant management was her predecessor's—possibly her mother—and unsupervised management refers to the month of June when she was, one again assumes from internal evidence, not in New York.
		The identification of E.S. Miller with Edith Starr Miller is ascribed to the British Museum.
		Brigadier-General Robert Byron Drury Blakeney (1872-1952), second British Fascisti (BF) president from 1924 to 1926, cited fascism as "the adult growth of...
	freemasonry.bcy.ca /anti-masonry/miller_e/miller_e.html (2685 words)

	ipedia.com: British Fascisti Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The British Fascisti were the first avowedly fascist organisation in Britain.
		It was formed in 1923, in the aftermath of the March on Rome and later renamed British Fascists.
		They were later overshadowed by the (separate) British Union of Fascists.
	www.ipedia.com /british_fascisti.html (206 words)

	Red Clydeside: Resistance to fascism
		It was in the 1930s that British fascism had its first and so far only flowering in the form of Sir Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists (BUF), formed on 1October 1932.
		Alexander Ratcliffe, leader of the SPL, had previously been a member of the 'British Fascists' who famously claimed, "What Britain needs is a Hitler", as was Billy Fullerton, erstwhile leader of a band of sectarian thugs called the 'Billy Boys', who was awarded a medal for strikebreaking in the 1926 General Strike.
		Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists (BUF) had been organised in Scotland by Dr Robert Forgan, a former Labour MP who was also responsible for organising a series of public meetings in Glasgow for Mosley's previous party the 'New Party' in 1931.
	gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk /redclyde/redclyeve23.htm (1024 words)

	Anti-Fascism In Britain
		Histories of anti-fascism in Britain have always been side-lines to histories of British fascism, but now, with the publication of Nigel Copsey’s book, the subject is finally brought centre-stage.
		Tracing the history of anti-fascism, from the earliest opposition to the first generation of Mussolini-worshippers — the British Fascisti — through to the mass struggles against Mosley, the National Front and on to the current opposition to the BNP.
		In the earliest struggles many of the militant fighting the British Fascisti, and later Mosley’s British Union of Fascists, were drawn from existing far-Left groups, including the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) amongst others.
	www.blackstarreview.com /rev-0050.html (1171 words)

	Spotlight on Whitstable - Famous People Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		At the age of 10 Maugham was orphaned and sent to England to live with his uncle, the vicar of Whitstable.
		Reginald and Ronald Kray were notorious criminals whose obsession with assaulting others, encouraging each other to greater levels of violence, and extending their personal power and domination culminated in a serious protection racket in London and a number of murders.
		William Joyce became a member of British Fascisti Limited, a group which lionized and emulated Mussolini.
	sws.canterbury.ac.uk /clk13/Famouspeople.html (500 words)

	William Joyce, alias Lord Haw-Haw
		When the British Prime Minister Lloyd George announced the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 and the creation of the Irish State the Joyce family left for England.
		Joyce's fate at the gallows was then merely a formality and the British press whipped up all the hysteria they could – reminding people that he was a snarling traitor.
		In the cell next door was John Amery, the son of a British lord and the man who had tried to form British expatriates and sympathetic British POW's into a Freicorp to fight on the German side.
	www.heretical.com /British/joyce.html (1578 words)

	British Union of Fascists (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Timid alarmists all this week have been whimpering that the rapid growth in numbers of the British Blackshirts is preparing the way for a system of rulership by means of steel whips and concentration camps.
		Young men may join the British Union of Fascists by writing to the Headquarters, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. David Low attended one of the public meetings held by the British Union of Fascists in 1936.
		We have said a hundred times that if the life of Britain were threatened we would fight again, but I am not offering to fight in the quarrel of Jewish finance in a war from which Britain could withdraw at any moment she likes, with her Empire intact and her people safe.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /Pfascists.htm (1731 words)

	The Dulwich Society Newsletter
		He had already joined the "British Fascisti", an organisation based on Mussolini's party in Italy and had ambitions of being an M.P. In 1927 he married and left Dulwich for a small flat in Chelsea.
		He was an acknowledged star of the movement, but lost his wife to another member of the party but was soon to marry yet another fascist who was to share his life to the end.
		He aimed at the British working classes; telling them that they were oppressed by the capitalist system and the "International Jewish financiers".
	www.dulwichsociety.org.uk /newsletter/200402-19-22.shtml (1556 words)

	British Fascisti
		Most members of the British Fascisti came from the right-wing of the Conservative Party.
		Disturbed by the events in Russia members argued that the rise of trade unionism and socialism threatened the British way of life.
		In this role he had responsibility for compiling intelligence dossiers on its enemies; for planning counter-espionage and for establishing and supervising fascist cells operating in the trade union movement.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /SSfascists.htm (297 words)

	William Joyce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		He was instrumental in changing the full name of the BUF to British Union of Fascists and National Socialists in 1936.
		During the processing of the charges Joyce's American nationality came to light, and it seemed that he would have to be acquitted, based not upon innocence of the charges of aiding the Nazi war effort but rather a lack of jurisdiction; he could not be convicted of betraying a country that was not his own.
		It was on this technicality, confirmed by the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords, that Joyce was convicted and sentenced to death.
	william-joyce.iqnaut.net (765 words)

	Andrew Lownie Literary Agency :: Hurrah for the Blackshirts
		He suggests that fascism was far from being simply an alien movement, but one that had roots in British thinking well before 1914 and materialised partly in response to the First World War.
		By examining the development of a range of organisations – the British Fascisti, the National Fascisti, the Imperial Fascist League, English Mistery and English Array, Pugh shows how extensively the movement developed even before the appearance of Oswald Mosley’s much better-known British Union of Fascists in 1932.
		He argues that fascists calculated that inter-war Britain was perpetually on the edge of a crisis which an enfeebled parliamentary democracy was unable to handle.
	www.andrewlownie.co.uk /books/pugh.martin/blackshirts.shtml (872 words)

	TIME.com: Notes -- Aug. 10, 1925 -- Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In Hyde Park occurred a clash between British Fascisti and Communists, involving some 2,000 persons, resulting in scores of more or less seriously damaged people and the wreckage of several private automobiles.
		The trouble started when the Fascisti, seeing a red flag, lost control of themselves and seized the insulting emblem, tearing it to pieces.
		British Ambassador Sir Esmé Howard, speaking recently, referred to a visit to the battlefield: "I felt that all bitterness, thank God, was past between us.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,720686-2,00.html (560 words)

	CHNN, No 5, April 1998: Articles
		Now the undermining of the British state had passed under new management; the Communist octupus whose tentacles were operated by the Comintern, and who were quickly seen as the perceived threat who controlled and manipulated the CPGB from Moscow in a concerted conspiracy to undermine the British state.
		While no less hostile to threatened public disorder and as suspicious of the revolutionary activities of British communists as the Diehards, nevertheless the influence of General Sir Nevil McCready was to be crucial to state management of revolutionary and extremist organisations in the interwar period.
		Although the CPGB was more active in its opposition to the war than the British Union of Fascists, the state was very careful not to evoke sympathy for them through overt persecution.
	les.man.ac.uk /chnn/CHNN05TRM.html (2984 words)

	Socialist Studies - Socialist Studies No 60, Summer 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the late 17th century the British government licensed the pirates as "privateers", legalising their operations in return for a share of their proceeds.
		Because of the disappearance of the British Empire, what used to be a considerable item of cost borne by the government, defence, has declined as a proportion of national income.
		British workers' interests are not involved in whether their rulers get a £364m rebate or not, and farming subsidies do not remove the exploitation of farm workers.
	www.socialiststudies.org.uk /socstudy60.shtml (16345 words)

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