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Topic: British Grand Fleet

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	High Seas Fleet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fleet was based at Wilhelmshaven in the Jade estuary, and commanded by Admirals Friedrich von Ingenohl (1913–1915), Hugo von Pohl (1915–1916), Reinhard Scheer (1916–1918), and Franz von Hipper (1918).
		The High Seas Fleet was outnumbered three to two by the British Grand Fleet; however, during some periods in the first year of the war an equalization of forces was almost achieved not by Germany's will but by the British dispersal of ships to numerous other parts of the world.
		As the British blockade caused increasing economic hardship in Germany, the Imperial Navy concentrated its resources on unrestricted submarine warfare in an effort to win the First Battle of the Atlantic and strangle the British war effort.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/High_Seas_Fleet (498 words)

	British Grand Fleet - Encyclopedia, History and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		More British ships were sunk than German, although the German High Seas Fleet was damaged to the extent that it was unable to put to sea for a number of months.
		Strategically, Jutland was a victory because the British fleet retained control of the North Sea.
		The Grand Fleet was based in Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Grand_Fleet (251 words)

	First World War.com - Encyclopedia - The Grand Fleet
		During wartime the Grand Fleet was used as a means of imposing a naval blockade upon Germany; it was sufficiently effective to produce official complaints from the U.S. government who saw naval trade links with Germany plummet in value as the blockade increasingly took hold.
		Given the enormous importance and prestige of the Grand Fleet its wartime commanders, Jellicoe and Admiral Sir David Beatty, proved reluctant to risk it in battle especially given the ever-present German U-boat threat, aside from the inconclusive Battle of Jutland of 31 May/1 June 1916 which was overseen by Jellicoe.
		Jutland saw Germany inflict greater damage upon the British fleet; however royal fright at the risks run during the encounter led the Kaiser to forbid a repeat performance, leading to something of a wide strategic victory for the British.
	www.firstworldwar.com /atoz/grandfleet.htm (536 words)

	Warfleet.net \| Home of Enigma: Rising Tide
		Jutland was indeed a climactic confrontation between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet, a veritable clash of Titans.
		The British emphasized higher speed and greater armament at the expense of armor while the Germans prioritized armor at the expense of speed and armament.
		Consequently, for the British to maintain a close blockade, they needed a fleet perhaps three times larger than that of Germany, in order to permit enough ships to maintain the blockade while their sisters were back in port taking on coal.
	www.warfleet.net /history/rl_jutland.htm (2692 words)

	Encyclopedia: British Grand Fleet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The British Grand Fleet at sea in World War I This image was scanned from a public domain text by the Great War Primary Documents Archive and is made available by them for any purpose provided that they are credited and a link is given to the Photos of the...
		Admiral of the Fleet Lord Jellicoe Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Rushworth Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe (December 5, 1859â€“November 20, 1935) was a British Royal Navy admiral.
		Strategically, Jutland was a victory because the British fleet retained control of the North Sea and the German Navy did not challenge her again.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/British-Grand-Fleet (699 words)

	British Grand Fleet -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Grand Fleet only took part in one fleet action during the war, that indecisive (An indecisive naval battle in World War I (1916); fought between the British and German fleets off the northwestern coast of Denmark) Battle of Jutland.
		Strategically, Jutland was a victory because the British fleet retained control of the (An arm of the North Atlantic between the British Isles and Scandinavia; oil was discovered under the North Sea in 1970) North Sea.
		The Grand Fleet was based in (Click link for more info and facts about Scapa Flow) Scapa Flow in the (An archipelago of about 70 islands in the North Atlantic and North Sea off the northeastern coast of Scotland) Orkney Islands.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Br/British_Grand_Fleet.htm (274 words)

	The Grand Fleet
		The first two-point turn was made at 7.23 P.M. and the Fleet was brought to a south by west course by 7.33 P.M. (that is, to a course one point to the westward of the course of the Fleet before the destroyer attack).
		In the German account of the action at this stage, it is stated, in more than one passage, that the British Fleet during this action between the Battle Fleets was to the northward of the High Seas Fleet.
		The movements of the enemy's fleet could not be distinguished from our Battle Fleet owing again to their own funnel and cordite smoke, and also to the smoke screens which ships and destroyers were making to conceal their movements.
	www.richthofen.com /jellicoe/jellicoe13c.htm (1606 words)

	The Importance of the War at Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		British dominance of the sea meant that for the rest of the war troops could be transferred across the Channel to France which resulted in Germany’s losing of the war.
		British naval policy was clear, "to cut Germany off from all supplies by sea, and to starve her by withholding food and raw materials", and at the same time allow, as Mr Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, put it, "Business as usual during alterations to the map of Europe".
		Their fleet, in order to reach the North Sea in the first place would have to pass the Grand Fleet of the Br itish and considering the strength of the British this was an unlikely event.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~wausie/Sea.html (1732 words)

	World War I
		British action opened another front in the South with the Gallipoli (1915) and Mesopotamia campaigns, though initially the Turks were successful in repelling enemy incursion.
		Further to the west in Palestine, initial British failures were overcome with Jerusalem being captured in December 1917 and the Egyptian Expeditionary Force under Edmund Allenby going on to break the Ottoman forces at the Battle of Megiddo (September 1918).
		It is interesting to note that, when the British attacked on the first day of the battle of the Somme, and lost massive numbers of men to a continuous hail of machine-gun fire, they did succeed in gaining some ground.
	brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/w/wo/world_war_i.html (6122 words)

	Battle of Jutland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At about 6.30pm the first British shells were fired and as all the ships of both fleets came into range there was a heavy general engagement during which the British fleet in line crossed the German 'T'.
		British losses were heavier than the German and for this reason the battle was claimed to be the latters victory.
		The British had suffered 6,784 casualties, and lost three battlecruisers, the cruisers and eight destroyers; the Germans lost one old battleship, one battlecruiser, four light cruisers and five destroyers, as well as 3,099 casualties.
	www.westernfront.co.uk /thegreatwar/articles/timeline/jutland.htm (839 words)

	Learn more about World War I in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is interesting to note that, when the British attacked on the first day of the battle of the Somme, and lost massive amounts of men to a continuous hail of machine-gun fire, they did succeed in gaining some ground.
		Hence, instead of a lopsided engagement, with only British soldiers attacking, which would have resulted in large amounts of casualties only for the British, the volume of attacks was rather evenly distributed, which caused even distribution of the casualties.
		The British Army, using a large number of tanks, attacked at Amiens on August 8 causing such surprise and confusion that German commander-in-chief, General Ludendorff, said it was "the flest day of the German army."
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /w/wo/world_war_i.html (3799 words)

	MSN Encarta - World War I
		After inflicting heavier losses on the British than his units sustained, German admiral Reinhard Scheer returned to his base under cover of darkness, convinced that he would risk total defeat if he tried to gain a clear victory.
		The British admiral Sir John Jellicoe was afterward accused of missing a golden opportunity to destroy the retreating German fleet.
		In addition, the people of the United States were divided in their loyalties—many Americans were of British ancestry but many were of German origin, while many Irish Americans were opposed to U.S. support for Britain because of it refused to grant home rule to Ireland.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569981_9/World_War_I.html (1536 words)

	BRITISH HOME FLEET FACTS AND INFORMATION
		It comprised the main battle squadrons and the fleet carriers, and its chief responsibility was to keep the German Navy from breaking out of the North_Sea.
		The operational areas of the Home Fleet were not circumscribed, and units were detached to other zones quite freely, but the southern parts of the North Sea and the English_Channel were made separate commands for light forces, and the growing intensity of the Battle of the Atlantic led to the creation of Western Approaches Command.
		Only with the final disposal of the ''Tirpitz'' in 1944 did the Home Fleet assume a lower priority, and most of its heavy units were withdrawn to be sent to the Far_East.
	www.flowergods.com /British_Home_Fleet (222 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - First British Report on the Battle of Jutland, 2 June 1916
		Reproduced below is the first official British statement issued in the wake of the 31 May-1 June 1916 Battle of Jutland - up to that point arguably the greatest naval battle in history.
		The German Kaiser, Wilhelm II, afraid of the dangers faced by his fleet, forbade them to engage the British in similar fashion for the remainder of the war.
		The British ships on which the brunt of the fighting fell were the battle-cruiser fleet and some cruisers and light cruisers, supported by four fast battleships.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/jutland_1stbritishreport.htm (625 words)

	AllRefer.com - Beatty, David Beatty, 1st Earl (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He served with distinction in Egypt and Sudan (1896–98) and in the Boxer Uprising (1900) in China.
		His battle cruiser squadron lured the German fleet into position for an engagement with the British grand fleet under Admiral John Jellicoe at the battle of Jutland (1916).
		Beatty commanded (1916–19) the fleet and was (1919–27) first sea lord of the navy.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Beatty-D.html (228 words)

	[No title]
		The Battle of Jutland (known to the Germans as the Battle of the Skagerrak), fought between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet, was the largest naval surface battle in history in terms of the number of ships participating.
		By the morning of 30 May the British had received indications that the ships of the German fleet were concentrating, and this along with increased U-boat activity and a decoded (but not interpreted) operational signal led the British to suppose that the High Seas Fleet was about to put to sea.
		The main problem with the British flash protection was that in the battlecruisers in particular the safety procedures were not strictly adhered to, with too much cordite being placed outside the powder rooms in unprotected areas and many of the doors designed to keep flash contained being left open.
	www.bobhenneman.info /bhj.htm (3788 words)

	The National Archives \| Exhibitions & Learning online \| First World War \| Glossary
		One of the main first-day targets for British troops in the Battle of the Somme (1 July-18 November 1916), it was, in fact, not reached during the entire five-month campaign.
		British Grand Fleet Name by which the Royal Navy fleet was commonly known.
		British West Indies Regiment Volunteer regiment, founded in 1915, consisting of troops from the British colonies of the West Indies, which served on the Western Front and in the Middle East during the First World War.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /pathways/firstworldwar/glossary/glossary_b.htm (740 words)

	Battle of Jutland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The general idea was that a fleet approaching battle should be in columns moving parallel in line ahead in order to present the minimum target to torpedoes.
		During the actual battle the fleet should deploy into a single line, abeam to the enemy so that the maximum number of guns could be brought to bear and the enemy could only fire with the front turrets of the leading ships - 'cross his T'.
		This British superiority was countered by certain technical factors - German gunnery was more accurate, their ships had thicker armour against torpedo attack and more water-tight doors, their armour-piercing shells were more effective than the British shells and vitally the British used an oversensitive propellant and their magazines were not well protected.
	www.termsdefined.net /ba/battle-of-jutland.html (1693 words)

	World War I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Early explanations, prominent in the 1920s and 1930s, stressed the official version of responsibility as ennumerated in the Treaty of Versailles and Treaty of Trianon, that Germany and her allies were solely responsible for the war.
		The United States Navy was able to send a battleship group to Scapa Flow to join with the British Grand Fleet, a number of destroyers to Queenstown, Ireland and several divisions of submarines to the Azores and Bantry Bay Ireland to help guard convoys.
		British and French trenches were defeated using novel infiltration tactics.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/W/World-War-I.htm (7867 words)

	H-Net Review: Andrew G. Wilson on Flawed Victory: Jutland, 1916
		The British Grand Fleet might have been the dominant force at sea, but its rival across the North Sea was growing, gaining confidence, well led, and consisted of truly modern vessels.
		Again, due to signals intelligence, the British were forewarned of German fleet activity, and the Grand Fleet was sent to intercept the German High Seas Fleet on a North Sea sortie.
		Although there were some tactical highlights, including the Grand Fleet crossing the Germans' "T" twice, the bulk of the High Seas fleet escaped complete destruction back into the gathering darkness and the safety of their minefields off the Heligoland Bight.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=257481027630754 (1525 words)

	C8
		The German Fleet was sighted by the trawler and C8 was duly slipped from her tow to position herself for the attack.
		The German Fleet wasn't where it was supposed to have been but Everard could see smoke in the distance and assumed that the German Fleet had crossed his path, turned around and was now approaching him.
		The destroyers reply came as a shock when they informed Everard he had attacked the British Grand Fleet and it was just as well that he was a bad shot.
	www.britsub.net /html/c8.htm (298 words)

	TMF: Jutland, Jack & Victoria / Land Of Serious Topics
		Before the outbreak of WW I the British and Germans are locked in an economically suicidal race to build a fleet capable of controlling the North Sea.
		Two and a half hours before the German Fleet sails the British Grand Fleet is at full steam sailing to meet Admiral Beatty and unite before sailing on to annihilate their German opposition.
		In WW II the British Fleet sent the Battle Cruiser Hood to intercept the Pocket Battleship Bismark in The North Sea.
	boards.fool.co.uk /Message.asp?mid=8385872 (2149 words)

	John Jellicoe
		He joined the British Navy and served in the Egyptian War of 1882 and was one of the survivors of the collision between Victoria and Camperdown in 1893.
		Most people found it difficult to imagine that the German High Sea Fleet (built at vast expense, and rightly considered by the enemy to be an efficient weapon of war) would adopt from the outset a purely passive role, with the inevitable result that German trade would be swept from the seas.
		First, there was the fear that action with the British Grand Fleet would so weaken the High Sea Fleet as to cause the command of the Baltic to pass into Allied hands, with the landing of an army of Russian troops on German soil as the result.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWjellicoe.htm (720 words)

	British Grand Fleet - SmartyBrain Encyclopedia and Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Jutland was a tactical loss for the British because more British ships were sunk than German, but a strategic win because the British fleet retained control of the North Sea.
		A week with the fleet: Impressions from a visit to the grand fleet
		The strategic geography of the great powers,: (based on a lecture delivered during 1917 to officers of the grand fleet and of the British armies in France)
	smartybrain.com /index.php/Grand_Fleet (187 words)

	British RN Destroyers of WW1
		British monitor "Terror" opened fire, and destroyers "Botha" and "Morris", and the French "Capitaine Mehl", "Bouclier" and "Magon" sortied from Dunkirk.
		Serving with 13th DF and sailed on 19th December to screen the Grand Fleet on a sweep between Norway and Shetlands.
		Serving with Grand Fleet flotillas at Battle of Jutland.
	www.naval-history.net /WW1NavyBritishDestroyers2.htm (3081 words)

	The War During 1916 (from World War I) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		The German surface fleet did not challenge Allied control of the oceans until the battle of Jutland on May 31, 1916.
		The British fleet, commanded by Adm. John R. Jellicoe, suffered heavy losses in ships and soldiers.
		British field marshal, imperial administrator, conqueror of The Sudan, commander in chief during the South African War, and (perhaps his most important role) secretary of state for war at the beginning of World War I (1914–18).
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article?tocId=229131&ct= (1057 words)

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