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Topic: British Merchant Navy

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	Merchant Navy in WW2
		British East Coast convoys (FN/FS) commenced between the Thames Estuary and the Firth of Forth in Scotland.
		The Navy’s own official historian records that there was not one single practise in the protection of a slow moving convoy from submarine or air attack.
		Merchant Navy Day.com would like invite all families and relatives, friends and companions, to submit the names of their loved ones to the commemoration page for 3rd September in recognition of their contribution to the years 1939-1945.
	www.mikekemble.com /ww2/merchantnavy.html (7030 words)

	Navy article - Navy military warfare Army Force ships boats submarines aircraft - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A navy is the branch of the military that operates primarily on water.
		A modern navy typically uses a combination of ships, boats, submarines, and aircraft launched from aircraft carriers.
		Merchant navy is a British and Commonwealth term for the civilian seafaring industry, recognizing both the shared hazards of seafaring activity during wartime, as well as the expectation that civilian vessels may be put under various kinds of control by military authorities.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Navy (269 words)

	Indian Navy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Indian Navy (भारतीय नौसेना in Hindi: Bharatiya Nau Sena) is the naval arm of the Military of India.
		The commander of the Navy is the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS).
		Another command, a joint Navy, Army and Air force command was setup in Andaman and Nicobar Islands in 2001 as a strategic area of defence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_Navy (1801 words)

	A Tribute to the Merchant Seamen of WWII
		Many joined the Merchant Navy because they were not old enough, or too old, or not physically eligible to enlist in the regular armed forces of their countries.
		Their merchant ships were peacetime vessels which even if fitted with guns for defense, were not designed to withstand an enemy attack.
		The merchant seamen contributed enormously to the final victorious outcome of the Battle of the Atlantic, and without their amazing world-wide contribution to the war effort, final victories over the Axis powers would not have been possible.
	members.tripod.com /~merchantships/merchantseamentribute.html (2821 words)

	The Merchant Navy and the Internet
		The Merchant Navy of today is not about sails and pirates, it is not about sinking ships and unqualified people sailing the world for adventure, it is not about scurvy and cannibals in foreign lands and it is definitely not about fishing and catching the nearest ferry to France!
		The British Merchant Navy dropped in size at such a rapid pace that it went from world dominance to nothing in a matter of a couple of years.
		It could though be said that the Merchant Navy is anything on the water that is not used to fight with.
	www.advertisingknowhow.com /article-archives/Computers_And_Internet/The-Merchant-Navy-And-The-Internet.html (1867 words)

	United Kingdom: Royal Navy
		Henceforth the White Ensign was reserved to the Royal Navy; the Blue Ensign undefaced to the Royal Naval Reserve and defaced with the appropriate departmental or teritorial badge to government service; and the Red Ensign to the 'merchant navy' (as the term is in Britain).
		The White Ensign is not a symbol of the British Admiralty nor necessarily of the British Navy.
		In close waters the lack of a jack flying in a warship (and to some degree in merchant vessels) is thus a signal to all in the vicinity that the ship is underway, or when it is flying, that the ship is attached to the land in some way.
	flagspot.net /flags/gb-nav.html (6259 words)

	Royal Navy
		Plymouth based Royal Navy warship, HMS Portland, and the Royal Fleet Auxillary tanker, Wave Ruler, have sent teams ashore to provide assistance to the remote village of Xaibe in Belize, following the devastation caused by Hurricane Dean.
		The Royal Navy's newest and most sophisticated destroyer – to be called HMS Daring - has successfully completed demanding sea trials off the Scottish coast.
		A Royal Navy warship has rescued two fishermen who had been stranded on their broken down vessel for more than twenty-four hours and had run out of food and water in the Caribbean.
	www.royal-navy.mod.uk (131 words)

	Royal Navy Community Web site - Maritime Operations - Merchant Navy Liaison Office (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The aim of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines / Merchant Navy Liaison Voyage Scheme (MNLV) is to foster good relations between the RN and MN, by providing RN and RM officers with experience of Merchant Navy operations (and vice versa) and encouraging Merchant Navy liaison in defence matters.
		The scheme is administered by the Merchant Navy Liaison Officer (MNLO) Lt Cdr Roger Leather RNR at the Maritime Trade and Reserves Training Unit (MTRTU), Maritime Warfare School, HMS Collingwood on behalf of the Director Naval Staff.
		Merchant Navy Officers and Shipping Company Managers may be eligible under the scheme to take passage in RN Ships.
	www.rncom.mod.uk /maritime/MNLO/index.cfm (312 words)

	Merchant Navy Memories - Postings
		Apart from the daily movements of Merchant Ships on the coastal trade, and those vessels direct from Britain or the United States, of course there were those which carried supplies or troops, bound for (or returning from), Darwin and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, or other theatres of war in the South West Pacific Area.
		In the near six years of war in between, some 2,500 British ship flying the Red Ensign were lost to U-boats, mines, E-boats, aircraft, commerce raiders, pocket battleships, those who died in captivity as well as those lost from the forces of nature in supplying the world with food and raw materials.
		September 3rd remember the Merchant Seamen captured and brought aboard a Japanese submarine only to be beheaded as others were thrown into the sea still alive tied together with the headless corpses of shipmates.
	www.m-navydays.com /newpages/postings.htm (2917 words)

	Merchant Navy codes
		Here is what he has to say about the MNC: "The cryptographic systems provided for communication with the merchant ships were a prolific source of intelligence to the B- Dienst second only to the Naval Cypher No 3 in their importance to the Battle of the Atlantic.
		BAMS was a merchant naval shore to ship broadcast using Civilian Long Range and Coastal Radio stations, but controlled by the Navy.
		Wesemann achieved what might be the first nautical cryptanalysis on record when, on the basis of the captured code and several merchant messages that he had intercepted, he succeeded in reconstructing about one third of the superenchipherment table then in use.
	www.thebells.btinternet.co.uk /rangitane/bams.htm (2541 words)

	Allied Merchant Seamen of WWII Website: Table of Contents Page
		Stories of a Merchant Sailor, Part 2: Christmas in America This is the second of Gordon's stories and in it he tells about his memorable Christmas of 1942.
		Stories of a Merchant Sailor, Part 3: Steering Lessons In this, the third of Gordon's fascinating stories, he describes what it was like to be a young seaman at the helm of a huge merchant ship.
		Voyage of a Merchant Sailor, Part 3: Epilogue This page is about Chuck's post-war experiences and the role which he and his Merchant Navy friends played in making sure that the WWII Merchant Navy veterans are not forgotten.
	members.tripod.com /~merchantships/contents.html (1765 words)

	The Merchant Navy; an article by Ieuan Dolby
		So many British companies changed from the Union Jack to that of an FOC state to reduce running costs of their vessels and organisations.
		Along with the demise of the shipbuilding and merchant nations of the world came a change in what was left of it.
		When I started in the Merchant Navy I saw the remnants of how it used to be in the Old days before life became stricter and stress became a part of every day life.
	www.seadolby.com /the_seafarer/navy_at_sea.html (1967 words)

	Navy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A navy is a military organisation that operates primarily on the sea.
		Most (but not all) armed forces make considerable organisational distinction between the land-based warfare of an Army, the sea-based warfare of a Navy, and the air-based warfare of an Air Force - often splitting the three components into mostly independent forces.
		Hence, for example, the British term "the Senior Service".
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/n/na/navy.html (277 words)

	BestCareerGuide.com - How to start a successful career
		To be an office in any of the three services, Army, Air force, or Navy, apart from your academic excellence, you must posses leadership qualities, motivating spirit, strong determination, intelligence, control of nerves, physical stamina.
		Merchant Navy,as it's very name connotes,is a commercial fleet handling cargo to far off countaries located in different directions of the globe.
		Only those who have a great flair for such type of journeys by sea, remaining away from their homes for months, an adventurous career, besides possessing the requisite level of intelligence and qualification and a high senses of discipline are best suited for this field.
	www.bestcareerguide.com (1560 words)

	Merchant Navy Day
		A quote from the British Merchant Navy website - Over 30,000 men of the British Merchant Navy were lost between 1939-1945.
		For almost six years there was barely a day went by without the loss of merchant ships and their crews.
		The gratitude owed to these men is finally being recognized with the introduction of the official 'Merchant Navy Day', designated the 3rd of September every year, the first one was held in September 2000.
	www.liverpoolviews.co.uk /merchantnavyday.html (253 words)

	[No title]
		This is a 1952 British Merchant Navy Officers cap badge.
		This is a late 1940's or early 1950's British Merchant Navy Officer's Cap Badge from the (Court Line???).
		This is a 1940's (WW2) British Merchant Navy Officer's Cap Badge from the (Prince Line).
	www.geocities.com /MotorCity/Track/4268/mnbadges.html (197 words)

	Gallantry Awards for the Merchant Navy
		In 1993 a further attempt was made to rationalise the gallantry awards system, and presumably through governmental and Royal Navy ignorance, a major injustice to the Merchant Navy resulted from the harmonisation of the various grades of military awards: viz.
		British Merchant Navy personnel were eligible for all Royal Navy gallantry awards: a right, which they earned through their unstinting devotion to duty in times of war, yet they wrre not consulted about these changes.
		Thus the Merchant Navy is now eligible for 3 of the 4 levels of Naval Gallantry awards, and it is no longer clear whether they are eligible for the D.S.O. for distinguished service.
	www.mightyseas.co.uk /articles/awards.htm (1750 words)

	MNA.org.uk Homepage for the merchant navy association
		This confirmation was then widely promoted by the post-war British government mainly as a gesture of reconciliation to the new German Government and Einstein became a world-renowned figure.
		Through exploration and trade, war and conflict, suffering and sacrifice the Merchant Navy and its seafarers were the link, the unbroken line, that helped to develop a nation and in part secure the freedoms we all now enjoy.
		The Merchant Navy Association was established in 1989 and is the oldest national Merchant Navy lobby group in the country.
	www.mna.org.uk (1007 words)

	U.K. Maritime Award Winners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The size of the British merchant fleet needed a constant flow of young cadets and HMS CONWAY was one of the premier training establishments for the merchant navy.
		In November 1942, the CITY OF CAIRO was sunk by a U-Boat in one of the most famous sinkings of the war, where the Germans surfaced to apologise to the survivors in lifeboats for having to sink them.
		With the rapid decline of the British Merchant Navy, the association was formed to bring together in a spirit of fellowship, serving and retired seafarers, to maintain the heritage and the age-old traditions of the sea.
	www.geocities.com /uksteve.geo/award2.html (2440 words)

	Wartime M.N. contents
		Welcome to the Wartime Merchant Navy pages of Gordon Mumford, author of award-winning, creatively written non-fiction books about his World War Two experiences in the British Merchant Navy.
		Information is also given about the role of the Merchant Navy, the Battle of Convoy ONS154, marine radio officers, high-level gallantry awards to merchant seamen and seamen held as prisoners in Timbuktu.
		Information about merchant shipping and seamen, including information on Gordon Mumford's ships, the Merchant Navy badge, campaign medals, and the Continuous Certificate of Discharge.
	www.gordonmumford.com /m-navy.htm (332 words)

	Canada's Merchant Navy
		Since humans have waged war across a body of water, the merchant navies of these countries have made the ultimate sacrifice.
		From hauling men and supplies, to transporting ammunition and materials, the merchant mariners have given their all to these war efforts.
		After many months of sinking and dying, the convoys were finally protected to some extent by the Canadian Navy and the US Navy using updated and modified convoy and anti-submarine warfare tactics.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/canadas_military/68587 (530 words)

	American Merchant Marine at War - Revolution to World War II to today
		They have delivered the goods when and where needed in every theater of operations and across every ocean in the biggest, the most difficult and dangerous job ever undertaken.
		Contact Senators: Belated Thank You to the Merchant Mariners of WW II Act of 2007
		You may quote small portions of material on this website as long as you cite American Merchant Marine at War, www.usmm.org, as the source.
	www.usmm.org (473 words)

	Survivors/Fatalities - Norwegian Merchant Fleet 1939-1945
		According to "The World's Merchant Fleets" by R. Jordan, Thomas Walton was torpedoed and sunk by U 38 on this date, 67 51 48N 14 28 30E - 13 died.
		27 Navy, 24 Army, 99 Air Force, 5 Merchant Navy, of which 140 are British, 6 Canadian, 5 Australian, 3 New Zealand and 1 South African.
		British Merchant Seamen casualties on US Ships - large file, takes a while to load.
	www.warsailors.com /freefleet/survivors5.html (1049 words)

	Merchant Navy Association Guestbook
		Message Text: i joined the merchant navy as a deck boy in 1964 and spent 34 years deep sea, i`m now on pilot boats in the firth of forth.
		The oldest serving casualty being that of James Killey age 74, a Merchant Seaman killed from the SS Fenella which was bombed and sank while rescuing injured troops from the beaches at Dunkirk on 29th May 1940.
		Without the Merchant Navy Britain would have starved, there would have been no “Battle of Britain” if it were not for the hundreds of tankers who transported the aviation spirit home, no “Operation Torch”, the invasion of North Africa would of took place without the thousands of troops and supplies needed brought by sea.
	guestbooks.pathfinder.gr /read/mnaguest (2029 words)

	merchant navy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Merchant Navy What is merchant navy Salary How to Apply Aptitude Training Prospects Beyond Marine Engineering Merchant...
		The Sea Supply Line Australia's Merchant Navy in the Second World War Control the sea road, win the war At this website we would like to record for future generations, the largely untold history of the...
		The Merchant Navy Welfare Board caring for the merchant seafarer The Merchant Navy Welfare Board Welcome to mnwb.org andquot;Promoting the provision of the highest quality welfare...
	www.growup.be /8236-merchantnavy.htm (317 words)

	Useful Links - Merchant Navy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		British Merchant Navy at WAR 1939 - 1945...
		This web site is dedicated to a particular type of ship, built by Canadian ship-building companies, which all had the prefix 'Fort' in their names along with their sister ships the 'Parks' and the U.S. built 'Oceans'.
		International Maritime Research is a voluntary organisation researching the histories of all British Merchant and Naval vessels from 1900 to the present...
	www.comradesandcolleagues.com /links/merchantnavy.html (314 words)

	The Australian Merchant Navy \| British Fleets \| British Fleets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Having been requisitioned by the British Ministry of War Transport and commissioned as a Royal Australian Navy stores ship, she was bombed and sunk alongside the Milne Bay wharf on 6 September 1942.
		Named for the regions of the globe it was intended to serve, E and A was founded in London in 1872.
		That night, on Tone's deck, the calculated nurder of 72 of them took place - 53 crew, 15 gunners and 4 passengers (though the women were spared) - by felling and beheading. Those remaining were landed at Tandjong Priok, to see the war out as prisoners of war, with all the privations that meant.
	www.merchant-navy-ships.com /?id=0,51,0,0,1,0 (727 words)

	Battle of the Atlantic Statistics
		On the Allied side 30,248 merchant seamen died, as were as thousands of men from the Royal Navy and RAF.
		To the Merchant sailors there was no phony war the people of Britain lived through in the early days of WWII.
		For almost six years there was barely a day went by without the loss of merchant ships and their crews.
	www.usmm.net /battleatlantic.html (433 words)

	Project Liberty Ship
		Tom Tickner, British Merchant Navy veteran of World War II, died suddenly in Charleston, South Carolina, on August 13, 1998.
		When Tom was 19 years old he was a cabin boy on the British merchant ship SS MARGOT (4,545 tons).
		On this trip back from Charleston, Tom had arranged for a memorial service and wreath-laying to be held at the position where a number of British merchant ships, including the EMPIRE GEM, went down during World War II.
	www.liberty-ship.com /html/people/tickner.html (912 words)

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